Author: Joe Fowler
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about breakfast snacks. In this article we'll discuss breakfast snacks.
Happy to be here.
i am a doctor, specializing in way of life medicine using food regimen and workout not only prevent ailment, however to deal with and reverse it as nicely.
And it all actually is going lower back to my grandma. You understand, I think the spark for many kids to need to be a doctor after they grow up is looking a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, however for me became watching my grandma get better.She turned into recognized with stop level heart disorder.
Already had so many skip surgical procedures, nothing greater the medical doctors may want to do. She was despatched home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early lifestyle remedy pioneers, and what happened subsequent is really specified within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out some weeks later.
She was taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and although she changed into given her clinical loss of life sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful food regimen was able to experience every other 31 years on the earth to age 96, to retain to enjoy her six grandkids inclusive of me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I exercise the sort of medicinal drug I do, lifestyle remedy.
I just need to do to your family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s fantastic. First question:how a great deal fats and protein do we need day by day?
What are the pleasant sources? And how a whole lot need to athletes be eating?Well, you understand, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro nutrients.You want Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk food, we’ll give you fats loose junk meals, we’ll give you… I imply any type of junk meals you want because it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all approximately whatever unique thing, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that offers us this sort of fitness halo, whilst in reality it should all be about meals. And the reason people don’t communicate about meals is there’s no cash to be made within meals.In reality, provide is going terrible;
Can’t take a seat at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to position an ad on television for broccoli because, you realize, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re by no means going to peer an advert on television for candy potatoes because there’s just no cash to be made.
That’s now not wherein the income is. The device is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest but maximum profitable behavior.And so, I suggest, in order that’s simply type of falling into the meals industry’s trap to speak of sort of this reductionist view of vitamins in preference to meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I imply so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t speak approximately it.
That’s why the industry desires you to speak like that, however it surely has to come down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, appearance, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, what else is within dairy?It’s the primary supply of saturated fat on this us of a.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the number one source of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the primary supply of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in red meat, yes, there’s iron within pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as much as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but preserve the saturated fats, keep the hormones, preserve the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a package deal— meals is a bundle deal. So the issue about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you understand, darkish green leafy veggies as an alternative, then it’s like, properly, the luggage is actually an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff missing from kind of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we think within terms of food. So in case you inquire from me what are the excellent meals that appear to have fat within them, properly, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you simply get the bonus as opposed to the bags.In phrases of protein resources, all and sundry who doesn’t know how to get protein on a plant-based totally food plan doesn’t understand beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also some of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all sorts of matters.So whole plant meals are the healthiest manner to get almost all of your vitamins, and that’s surely, I think, how we have to think about the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question wide variety :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, rip-off form of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water just type of appears a waste of strength to me.I mean it’s the same thing with like, , type of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally kind of wasteful procedure. But you can eliminate some little trace minerals, but that’s not in reality the problem.I mean faucet water is usually the most inexpensive, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t develop vintage and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride though?
It’s no longer essential, but from a public fitness viewpoint—wealthy human beings can visit the dentist and afford all types of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—however from a public health scale, I imply that’s how you reach impoverished populations which may not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental problem, no massive deal, go to the dentist, proper? But in the event that they have a dental problem, they could lose their teeth, this means that losing lots of their nutrients or being in chronic ache.And without a doubt from a public health standpoint fluoridated water is—in truth, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public fitness improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any hints or special tips for women who select to eat a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan at the same time as pregnant, and who additionally select to raise kids plant based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s just that rather more essential to get all of the vitamins you need, and so it’s basically all of the same advice you’d supply to every body eating a wholesome food plan, eating a plant-primarily based diet.
Critically crucial: diet B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by using plant life.
One’s vitamin D, that is made by using animals which include yourself whilst you stroll out of doors; it’s the sunshine diet.And the other one’s diet B12.
Not made by way of flowers, no longer made by using animals either; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you recognize, we ought to get all of the B12 we wished ingesting well water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term ago, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have loads of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get a number of cholera both. It’s an excellent element that we live within a pleasant sanitary world, but because of that we need to get a everyday dependable supply of B12.Critically vital, especially for pregnant ladies, but for every person.
During being pregnant iodine’s vital, a mineral regularly lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s critical, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our children healthy?I say sure, indeed, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh edition of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the great-promoting books ever, 2d handiest to the Bible possibly in this country.
Where in his closing edition he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, endorsed all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he should see what the grandparents had been loss of life from and notice this burgeoning youth weight problems epidemic. So genuinely we ought to boost our kids in the healthiest feasible way.That means not having them smoke cigarettes.
That method having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and a whole food, plant-primarily based weight loss plan—really fundamental, simple. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their legit position paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all tiers of the way of life, together with being pregnant and infancy and on thru vintage age.So surely, we ought to all be raising healthy youngsters, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a book on raising vegan children;
he’s got six, so he knows one or two matters about it. Gianna good enough, quantity four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why both males and females want now not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All sorts of nuttiness out on the net.If you have a look at the science, though, it’s sincerely just form of a tremendous clinical consensus within phrases of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal experiences, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or unique lines of mice have one of a kind effects. When we in the end had human stats, so for instance breast cancer, you could see concerns at the net about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t realize till 2004, the first poll that certainly put it to the check and actually accompanied breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that poll and in all of five reviews executed thus far, each single one discovered that ladies with breast most cancers, whether estrogen receptor nice or negative, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or now not—all constantly greater survival;positioned them all together, extra survival, lower cancer recurrence rate.
And so we’ve recognized that consuming soy, specifically throughout youth, can reduce the threat of getting breast most cancers in the first area, however now we know it’s related to advanced survival as nicely. So wait a 2d.How is that possible whilst it has estrogenic consequences?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s without a doubt varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended scenario:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinct kind of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the outcomes of soy at the body topics on the ratio of these specific receptors and different organs of the frame.And so it clearly has seasoned-estrogen results wherein you want it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It virtually reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, as an example, in reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences wherein you need it, as an example in the breast, lowering breast cancer danger and enhancing breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate time period for basically the great of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer threat. And so that you don’t have to consume it;all of the legumes are healthful, and that i inspire humans to consume whole soy sources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a exquisite preference. Tempeh, miso, those are all complete soy meals, as well as a number of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance inside the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given lots of videos approximately it. So yeah, you simply don’t believe the craziness you read at the internet.Gianna And just for the adult males available which can be involved that they could develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But by using excessive soy—they had been actually consuming gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I suppose some humans, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that level you may virtually get enough alpha receptor activity to absolutely have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the answer is not to avoid soy, however now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it'd be healthful. So soy intake within guys is associated with decrease prostate cancer danger, that's the number one most cancers killer particular to guys.Gianna adequate, query variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory weight loss plan, no marvel, may be one of the quality nutritional treatments for inflammatory illnesses within wellknown, which include auto-immune sickness.So as an instance, a couple of sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune sickness wherein your body attacks your personal nerves, the single pleasant recorded intervention—medical, surgical, anything, no drugs—have ever beaten out a plant-based eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss program, so the best. So it’s no longer just more secure, less expensive.No, the best remedy ever posted in the peer reviewed medical scientific literature, a plant-primarily based diet.
Chron’s disorder, same element. A study out of Japan using a plant-based totally weight loss program, some of the best relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking about objective measures which include grip strength and inflammatory markers in the blood flow or just within phrases of nice of life for human beings tormented by those diseases. Auto-immune disease, we simply don’t have a number of excellent statistics for.We have records, so the Adventist 2 poll located that folks who devour strictly plant-based diets have the best rates of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, meaning ordinary thyroid function, and so it could prevent thyroid troubles.
But there’s never been any study that absolutely positioned plant-based totally diets to the take a look at within phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking approximately some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different kinds of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have insights for, but it would make experience if it works for some of these different automobile-immune diseases, it works for those different inflammatory diseases, an anti-inflammatory weight loss program would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might assume fiber?We think like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply form of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our properly intestine micro organism can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our intestine. And we used to suppose that was just gut fitness, however now we know that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down within our colon genuinely can have consequences on our immune device, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch observed in abundance within handiest one place: whole plant ingredients, and a number of these compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re destroy down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your machine and circulated in the course of your body. So that’s one of the motives why plant-primarily based diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, definitely nutrition B12 is critically important for every body eating a wholesome diet, so I’d advocate 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest source.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, however severely crucial from a normal reliable source.If you’re not getting enough solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and young sufficient and thin enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it's miles if you’re stuck at a table activity all day, now not getting outdoor, in which case you’d need to complement your food plan with diet D, the sunshine vitamin. I advise 2,000 international units of vitamin D3 a day.So, I suggest intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer treatment, going again to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It become since—interesting—type of debunked via Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans a whole bunch of diet C; didn’t see the type of astounding consequences that were firstly seen, however they have been the use of oral vitamin C.We used to suppose, nicely, oral diet C is similar to intravenous diet C, however no, our body absolutely clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t remember both manner, you’ll absorb it all. But as soon as your body gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is set five servings of culmination and greens well worth—your body starts offevolved clamping “that’s a little too much.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, in order that they genuinely weren’t uncovered to the same quantity.And so i have a whole shows of videos on intravenous nutrition C for most cancers in case you’re interested in that;
I encourage people to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—have to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie effective enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We have to consume cruciferous greens within whichever manner receives us to eat the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to eat the most.In fact cruciferous veggies are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all the foods I encourage people to get and suit into their each day recurring.So, you know, veggies each day are the healthies greens, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognize, the pleasant beverage, the excellent sweeteners, how plenty exercise to get—simply to sort of encourage human beings to attempt to healthy a number of the healthies of healthful foods into the weight loss program.And one of these containers I encourage people to tick off each day, you’re no longer going to suit—you’re no longer going to test off the day unless you get a few form of cruciferous greens, which is about a half of cup of cooked cruciferous greens, approximately a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, these kind of fantastic vegetables. And so essentially but you get them in your eating regimen, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a amazing go-to manner to get vegetables on your breakfast.
And I kind of ruin a few white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to check the ones off. But, yeah, positioned them within a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most critical issue.
Now you can overdo, I suggest you can overdo raw cruciferous vegetables which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which are located within masses of healthful ingredients, not most effective broccoli, however also flaxseeds and some of other healthy matters. But the response isn't to avoid those certainly healthy ingredients;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact those goitrogenic compounds simply interfere with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re in reality marginally now not getting enough iodine, then consuming a whole lot of broccoli and cruciferous can without a doubt have an effect on your degrees. So the answer, you just ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then much like darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the greater approaches you can get them into your food plan, the better.There changed into this famous case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I overlook, it turned into like literally thousands of kilos of uncooked bok choy, she turned into on a few crazy food regimen, and in reality did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… adequate, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And appearance, we’re talking approximately meals with medicinal results.I mean we should assume like if you may eat as a lot—I mean if there’s an infinite quantity of something that you can be uncovered to, in all likelihood doesn’t have a good deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the fact that, look, no, a number of those ingredients can have powerful consequences on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a sure level that you need to stay within, but luckily they’re all without problems through any kind of standard culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, a part of the purpose that people soak or sprout nuts is to get rid of the phytates.So there was this idea, based totally on reports on puppies returned within the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you could dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and you then’d maximize your calcium absorption and other essential minerals. But we now know now not simplest is that not the case, but phytates are really healthy for you, virtually beneficial results of phytates, so we need to surely try to get as a lot phytates within our eating regimen as feasible, and the way we do that is via consuming our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to devour raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d as an alternative not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are those glycotoxins associated with improved hazard of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and multiplied ageing and all kinds of really awful matters. And it’s fashioned whilst high fat, high protein meals are exposed to extraordinarily high warmness, dry warmness.And so nearly all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled fowl, that kind of factor—extremely excessive.
So if you examine it, while plant meals have almost not anything irrespective of what you do—I imply you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re no longer going to provide a trouble, however there are rare plant meals which are high in protein outcomes, including nuts, along with soy. So we have to clearly, preferably should now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not a terrific idea on a ordinary basis due to these a while.So that’s why we clearly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, certainly entire nuts are better due to the fact you sincerely bite all the way down to little debris—no matter how nicely you bite, you normally handiest fracture all the way down to about 2 mm, that is one thousand instances larger than the particles observed in nut butters.And the purpose that’s important is due to the fact those cellular partitions and those little cubes, which incorporate hundreds of lots of intact walls, truely shield all the nutrients inner from absorption in your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So when we devour just acellular meals, powders like flour merchandise, even though it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we eat 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t put off the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving little or no for our gut vegetation at the stop.
Whereas in case you eat whole intact grains or entire beans, then there may be actually these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our proper bacteria, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which are we able to get exceptional resources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral vendor speak. Somebody must examine crop nutrient decline during the last 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So people trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, just due to the fact they’re looking to promote you something.
We can truly look at the statistics; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, adequate, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli in place of a 1/2 century in the past. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For folks who say all people’s distinctive, so all of us require different diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice on this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally weight-reduction plan assist us stay longer, healthier lives, anyone? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss plan and there’s a lemur weight loss program.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few loopy eating regimen.
No, there’s a weight loss program that’s clearly tuned to our biology. We evolved for millions of years.So we broke from our final exquisite ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow wonderful apes ate, which is largely veggies and fruit. We had been a plant-based weight loss plan, almost solely plant-based totally weight loss program, and best within the last 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing the way to make tools and looking, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to eating complete food, plant primarily based—so no surprise that the equal form of food regimen that reverses coronary heart disorder, the number one killer of women and men, is the same diet that also reverses diabetes, and the identical weight loss plan that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience because, look, the anti inflammatory diet is a weight loss program that allows your arteries everywhere throughout your frame.I mean, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based weight-reduction plan should do, reverse the primary killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default diet till confirmed in any other case?
In fact that it is able to also save you or reverse other leading killers might appear to make the case for plant-primarily based ingesting without a doubt overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing resources with them.
So every so often it’s hard; humans positioned up their defenses while a person attempts—when everyone comes to us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s simply this sort of natural reaction to sort of need to preserve on.That’s why sharing form of 0.33-party resources:
“Here’s a superb documentary, right here’s a incredible internet site, right here’s a extraordinary e-book,” and then they could type of take it in on themselves, after which kind of the motivation comes from within as opposed to feeling a person’s trying to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one in every of my favorite methods.And proportion high-quality food!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I stay that long or just sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s honestly the excellent of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes first rate and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?