Author: Joe Fowler
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about mayo clinic diet. In this article we'll discuss mayo clinic diet.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a physician, that specialize in life-style medication the use of eating regimen and exercising not best save you disorder, but to deal with and reverse it as properly.
And it all surely is going returned to my grandma. You understand, I think the spark for plenty kids to need to be a doctor after they grow up is looking a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me become looking my grandma get higher.She changed into identified with give up degree coronary heart disease.
Already had so many bypass surgeries, not anything greater the docs ought to do. She changed into sent home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early life-style remedy pioneers, and what occurred subsequent is honestly targeted within Pritikin’s biography, to speak approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out some weeks later.
She became taking walks 10 miles a day, and even though she was given her clinical demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful weight loss plan become capable of revel in every other 31 years on the planet to age 96, to retain to experience her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I practice the sort of medicinal drug I do, way of life medicinal drug.
I just want to do on your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s great. First question:how a good deal fats and protein can we want daily?
What are the fine resources? And how a whole lot have to athletes be eating?Well, you understand, we don’t eat macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fat unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I imply any kind of junk meals you want because it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all approximately whatever particular factor, right?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that offers us this kind of fitness halo, whilst within truth it have to all be approximately food. And the motive humans don’t speak approximately food is there’s no money to be made in meals.In truth, deliver goes awful;
Can’t take a seat at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to position an ad on television for broccoli because, you recognize, they’ll simply buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no cash to be made.You’re in no way going to look an ad on television for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not in which the profit is. The device is set up to praise just the unhealthiest however maximum worthwhile conduct.And so, I mean, in order that’s simply type of falling into the food industry’s lure to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients as opposed to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I mean so fats, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t talk about it.
That’s why the industry needs you to talk like that, however it certainly has to come right down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is in dairy?It’s the primary supply of saturated fats in this U.S.A.
People assume like steak or something. No, the primary supply of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the number one source of calcium, but yes, there’s protein in red meat, yes, there’s iron in pork, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I imply as a great deal as Burger King says you can “have it your manner,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however keep the saturated fats, keep the hormones, keep the ldl cholesterol.” I recognize, it’s a package— food is a package deal deal. So the component approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, , dark inexperienced leafy vegetables instead, then it’s like, well, the bags is definitely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items lacking from type of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose within terms of meals. So if you question me what are the quality meals that happen to have fats in them, well, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you simply get the bonus in place of the luggage.In phrases of protein assets, anybody who doesn’t know the way to get protein on a plant-based totally weight loss plan doesn’t realize beans, proper?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also some of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all sorts of matters.So entire plant meals are the healthiest manner to get nearly all your nutrients, and that’s really, I assume, how we should reflect onconsideration on the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water just sort of seems a waste of strength to me.I suggest it’s the same component with like, you already know, type of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a very form of wasteful process. But you can dispose of a few little hint minerals, however that’s no longer without a doubt the issue.I mean faucet water is typically the cheapest, safest supply of consuming water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s not important, however from a public health viewpoint—rich people can visit the dentist and afford all forms of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their enamel—however from a public health scale, I mean that’s how you attain impoverished populations which may not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no large deal, visit the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental trouble, they may lose their enamel, because of this losing a whole lot of their vitamins or being within chronic ache.And definitely from a public fitness point of view fluoridated water is—in fact, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public fitness improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any hints or unique guidelines for ladies who pick to eat a plant-based totally diet whilst pregnant, and who additionally choose to elevate youngsters plant based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s simply that rather more important to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all the same advice you’d give to all people consuming a healthy weight-reduction plan, ingesting a plant-primarily based weight loss plan.
Critically critical: nutrition B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made through plants.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by way of animals which includes your self while you stroll outdoor; it’s the light nutrition.And the other one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by means of plants, now not made by using animals either; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you recognize, we may want to get all of the B12 we wanted consuming nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term in the past, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a number of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get lots of cholera both. It’s a terrific element that we stay in a nice sanitary international, but because of that we need to get a regular dependable supply of B12.Critically vital, particularly for pregnant girls, but for each person.
During being pregnant iodine’s critical, a mineral often missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended daily allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we increase our youngsters wholesome?I say sure, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, within the seventh edition of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the first-class-selling books ever, 2nd simplest to the Bible perhaps in this country.
Where in his closing version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, recommended all youngsters be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he could see what the grandparents have been loss of life from and notice this burgeoning early life obesity epidemic. So actually we must raise our kids inside the healthiest feasible way.That approach no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That way having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the domestic, and a whole food, plant-based food regimen—definitely fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their professional position paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all levels of the life-style, together with pregnancy and infancy and on thru vintage age.So surely, we need to all be raising wholesome kids, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a ebook on elevating vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or things approximately it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why each males and females need now not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the net.If you have a look at the technology, although, it’s definitely just type of a super clinical consensus within phrases of people.
I imply, the laboratory animal reviews, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or one of a kind traces of mice have distinctive outcomes. When we subsequently had human insights, so for instance breast cancer, you can see issues on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t understand until 2004, the first study that clearly put it to the take a look at and in reality observed breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that statistic and within all of five reports accomplished thus far, each unmarried one located that girls with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor nice or negative, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or now not—all consistently extra survival;put all of them collectively, more survival, decrease most cancers recurrence rate.
And so we’ve known that ingesting soy, especially in the course of adolescence, can reduce the risk of getting breast most cancers within the first place, however now we realize it’s related to improved survival as nicely. So wait a 2nd.How is that feasible whilst it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s clearly two forms of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended tale:alpha, beta—so essentially your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by means of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a different form of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the results of soy at the frame matters on the ratio of those exclusive receptors and exclusive organs of the frame.And so it truely has seasoned-estrogen consequences wherein you want it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It genuinely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, as an instance, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results where you want it, for instance within the breast, lowering breast cancer risk and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy time period for basically the excellent of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer hazard. And so you don’t must eat it;all the legumes are healthy, and that i encourage people to eat whole soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you may get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a terrific preference. Tempeh, miso, these are all whole soy ingredients, as well as some of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance within the clinical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve were given heaps of videos approximately it. So yeah, you simply don’t accept as true with the craziness you examine on the net.Gianna And only for the adult males available that are involved that they may grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But by way of immoderate soy—they were actually consuming gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I think some human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you can actually get enough alpha receptor interest to surely have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the response is not to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it would be healthful. So soy consumption in guys is related to decrease prostate cancer danger, that is the primary cancer killer precise to men.Gianna ok, question range five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory food plan, no surprise, may be one of the satisfactory nutritional remedies for inflammatory diseases within popular, such as auto-immune disease.So for instance, a couple of sclerosis, that is an car-immune ailment where your frame assaults your personal nerves, the single first-rate recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, something, no capsules—have ever beaten out a plant-primarily based food plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the best. So it’s now not just more secure, cheaper.No, the simplest remedy ever posted within the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-based totally weight loss program.
Chron’s ailment, equal thing. A poll out of Japan using a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan, a number of the exceptional relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re talking approximately goal measures inclusive of grip energy and inflammatory markers in the blood circulate or just within phrases of great of life for people laid low with these diseases. Auto-immune disease, we simply don’t have loads of precise records for.We have stats, so the Adventist 2 statistic determined that folks that eat strictly plant-primarily based diets have the very best rates of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, that means ordinary thyroid feature, and so it may prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s by no means been any statistic that virtually positioned plant-primarily based diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speaking about something like iodine deficiency. There’s different forms of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have stats for, however it would make feel if it really works for these types of other vehicle-immune sicknesses, it really works for these different inflammatory diseases, an anti inflammatory weight loss plan could have this impact.And part of that anti-inflammatory electricity is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply type of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our right gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our intestine. And we used to assume that was simply intestine health, however now we recognise that our microbiome, our pleasant plant life down within our colon truely may have consequences on our immune gadget, even our mental fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch located within abundance in most effective one location: entire plant foods, and some of these compounds have anti inflammatory consequences.They’re damage down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your machine and circulated throughout your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-primarily based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on nutrients and supplements, vegan based totally, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, without a doubt nutrition B12 is severely vital for all of us consuming a healthful weight loss plan, so I’d endorse 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest supply.Once a week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, but critically essential from a normal dependable supply.If you’re no longer getting enough solar… Now, in case you’re mild skinned enough and younger enough and thin sufficient and live at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day solar, you’ll get all of the nutrition D you need.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it is if you’re caught at a desk task all day, no longer getting outside, in which case you’d need to supplement your food plan with vitamin D, the light vitamin. I suggest 2,000 worldwide units of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I mean intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer treatment, going back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It became since—thrilling—sort of debunked via Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave people a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the form of impressive results that were initially visible, but they had been using oral diet C.We used to suppose, nicely, oral diet C is the same as intravenous diet C, but no, our body virtually clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t remember either manner, you’ll take in all of it. But as soon as your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of culmination and greens worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your body begins clamping down on absorption, so they clearly weren’t exposed to the equal quantity.And so i've a whole shows of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for cancer in case you’re inquisitive about that;
I inspire people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—ought to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending uncooked kale within a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it terrible for the thyroid to eat them raw? Oh, my God.We have to eat cruciferous greens within whichever manner receives us to consume the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to consume the most.In fact cruciferous veggies are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all of the foods I inspire people to get and fit into their every day routine.So, you recognize, vegetables every day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You know, the nice beverage, the quality sweeteners, how plenty exercising to get—just to form of inspire human beings to try to fit a number of the healthies of healthy meals into the food regimen.And one of these boxes I inspire human beings to tick off each day, you’re not going to fit—you’re no longer going to test off the day unless you get a few form of cruciferous veggies, which is set a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, a lot of these superb vegetables. And so essentially however you get them to your food plan, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a exceptional cross-to manner to get greens in your breakfast.
And I form of destroy some white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to test those off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, put them everywhere;so long as you’re getting greens, that’s the maximum important aspect.
Now you can overdo, I imply you may overdo raw cruciferous greens that have this so called goitrogenic compounds that are found in plenty of wholesome meals, not most effective broccoli, but also flaxseeds and some of different wholesome matters. But the option isn't always to avoid these truely wholesome meals;it’s simply to get sufficient iodine because these goitrogenic compounds just intervene with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re certainly marginally not getting sufficient iodine, then consuming numerous broccoli and cruciferous can clearly affect your tiers. So the reply, you just ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then much like darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the more ways you could get them into your food regimen, the higher.There become this famous case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I forget, it turned into like actually hundreds of pounds of raw bok choy, she changed into on some crazy eating regimen, and in reality did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 kilos… good enough, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage humans, right. And look, we’re talking approximately meals with medicinal outcomes.I imply we ought to expect like if you could eat as a whole lot—I suggest if there’s an infinite amount of some thing that you could be uncovered to, likely doesn’t have much “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, look, no, some of these ingredients may have powerful results on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a sure level which you want to live within, but thankfully they’re all without problems through any kind of normal culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, part of the motive that humans soak or sprout nuts is to do away with the phytates.So there has been this idea, based totally on experiences on puppies returned inside the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to get rid of the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and other essential minerals. But we now recognize no longer best is that now not the case, however phytates are clearly healthy for you, surely beneficial outcomes of phytates, so we should certainly try and get as a whole lot phytates in our weight-reduction plan as viable, and the manner we do that is via eating our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire people to devour uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The purpose we’d as a substitute now not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, that are those glycotoxins related to extended chance of kidney sickness and Alzheimer’s and accelerated ageing and all types of actually horrific things. And it’s fashioned while high fats, excessive protein ingredients are uncovered to extremely excessive warmness, dry heat.And so nearly all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled fowl, that type of thing—extraordinarily excessive.
So if you observe it, whereas plant foods have almost nothing regardless of what you do—I suggest you may grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to produce a trouble, but there are rare plant meals that are high in protein consequences, consisting of nuts, which includes soy. So we need to genuinely, ideally should now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not an excellent concept on a regular basis due to those a long time.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, truely complete nuts are higher due to the fact you really bite all the way down to little particles—no matter how well you chew, you normally only fracture down to about 2 mm, that's 1000 instances larger than the particles found within nut butters.And the reason that’s critical is due to the fact those cellular partitions and people little cubes, which include hundreds of hundreds of intact partitions, certainly protect all the vitamins interior from absorption for your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flora.
So whilst we consume just acellular foods, powders like flour merchandise, despite the fact that it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we consume 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t cast off the fiber, however all of the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine plants on the end.
Whereas if you consume complete intact grains or whole beans, then there may be surely those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our excellent bacteria, and that improves our intestine health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which can we get extraordinary assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral seller talk. Somebody should take a look at crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, perhaps 15%.So human beings seeking to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just because they’re seeking to promote you something.
We can sincerely look at the insights; the USDA tracks vitamins inside the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, ok, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli as opposed to a 1/2 century in the past. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For those who say all of us’s one-of-a-kind, so all of us require different diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice on this, and does an entire meals, plant-primarily based weight loss program assist us stay longer, more healthy lives, each person? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss program and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some loopy food plan.
No, there’s a diet that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We developed for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our remaining awesome ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow high-quality apes ate, which is basically vegetables and fruit. We have been a plant-based totally diet, almost exclusively plant-primarily based food regimen, and only inside the closing 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing a way to make equipment and looking, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to consuming entire food, plant based totally—so no marvel that the same kind of weight-reduction plan that reverses heart ailment, the number one killer of males and females, is the identical weight loss plan that still reverses diabetes, and the identical food plan that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes sense because, look, the anti inflammatory eating regimen is a diet that enables your arteries anywhere in the course of your frame.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-based totally diet should do, opposite the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be sort of the default eating regimen until established otherwise?
In fact that it may also save you or reverse different main killers might appear to make the case for plant-primarily based eating absolutely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So from time to time it’s tough; human beings placed up their defenses when a person attempts—whilst anyone involves us with some new concept that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s simply this sort of herbal response to sort of need to keep on.That’s why sharing kind of third-birthday party sources:
“Here’s a awesome documentary, right here’s a extremely good internet site, right here’s a high-quality e-book,” after which they could kind of take it within on themselves, and then type of the incentive comes from through rather than feeling a person’s trying to inform them to do something. So that’s one of my favorite methods.And share first-rate food!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t count how—will I stay that long or just sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s certainly the exceptional of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a second. Tastes extraordinary and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t know my line. Where’s my cue card?