Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about avocado smoothie. In this article we'll discuss avocado smoothie.
Happy to be right here.
i am a physician, specializing in life-style medicinal drug the use of food regimen and workout no longer only save you disorder, however to deal with and opposite it as nicely.
And it all clearly is going again to my grandma. You understand, I suppose the spark for many kids to need to be a medical doctor after they grow up is watching a grandparent get sick or maybe die, however for me become watching my grandma get better.She was identified with quit stage coronary heart disease.
Already had so many skip surgical procedures, not anything extra the docs could do. She changed into despatched home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one in all our early way of life medicine pioneers, and what befell subsequent is honestly particular in Pritikin’s biography, to speak approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She become taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and though she turned into given her medical loss of life sentence at age 65, thanks to a wholesome weight loss program became able to enjoy another 31 years on earth to age 96, to keep to experience her six grandkids inclusive of me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I practice the kind of medicinal drug I do, way of life medicine.
I just need to do in your family what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s splendid. First question:how much fat and protein will we need daily?
What are the pleasant sources? And how a good deal have to athletes be ingesting?Well, you already know, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t consume micro vitamins.You want Paleo junk meals, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll come up with fats free junk food, we’ll provide you with… I imply any type of junk food you want because it’s all approximately macro vitamins or it’s all about anything specific element, right?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, diet D” with all this stuff, and that offers us this sort of health halo, whilst within truth it need to all be about food. And the cause human beings don’t speak approximately food is there’s no money to be made in food.In reality, offer goes awful;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to position an advert on tv for broccoli because, you know, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re never going to peer an advert on television for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s no longer in which the profit is. The device is set up to praise simply the unhealthiest however maximum worthwhile behavior.And so, I suggest, in order that’s just kind of falling into the meals industry’s trap to talk of type of this reductionist view of nutrients instead of food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I mean so fats, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t talk approximately it.
That’s why the industry wishes you to talk like that, but it honestly has to return down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you understand what else is in dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats on this country.
People suppose like steak or some thing. No, the number one source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in red meat, sure, there’s iron within red meat, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as tons as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however maintain the saturated fats, maintain the hormones, maintain the cholesterol.” I know, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal. So the factor approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you know, dark inexperienced leafy greens as a substitute, then it’s like, well, the luggage is in reality a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things missing from type of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose within phrases of food. So in case you question me what are the nice foods that show up to have fats within them, properly, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you simply get the bonus in preference to the baggage.In phrases of protein sources, all of us who doesn’t recognise the way to get protein on a plant-based totally diet doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all varieties of things.So entire plant ingredients are the healthiest way to get almost all of your nutrients, and that’s definitely, I suppose, how we ought to reflect onconsideration on the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the science round that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of electricity to me.I suggest it’s the equal factor with like, you recognize, form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a very kind of wasteful process. But you may get rid of some little trace minerals, however that’s now not absolutely the issue.I suggest tap water is generally the cheapest, most secure source of ingesting water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride though?
It’s not essential, however from a public health perspective—wealthy people can go to the dentist and have the funds for all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their enamel—however from a public fitness scale, I mean that’s how you attain impoverished populations which may not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental trouble, no big deal, visit the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental trouble, they might lose their teeth, this means that dropping a number of their nutrients or being in continual pain.And honestly from a public fitness perspective fluoridated water is—in fact, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public fitness innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question number three: are there any pointers or unique tips for ladies who choose to devour a plant-based food regimen whilst pregnant, and who also pick to elevate children plant based totally after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re eating for two it’s just that rather more vital to get all of the vitamins you want, and so it’s basically all of the identical advice you’d deliver to everyone eating a wholesome diet, consuming a plant-based totally eating regimen.
Critically important: vitamin B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made with the aid of flowers.
One’s diet D, that is made by means of animals which includes yourself whilst you walk outdoor; it’s the light vitamin.And the other one’s vitamin B12.
Not made by flora, now not made with the aid of animals either; made by means of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you recognize, we should get all of the B12 we wanted drinking properly water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have plenty of B12 within our water any greater.
Don’t get a number of cholera both. It’s a very good component that we stay within a pleasant sanitary global, but due to that we need to get a regular reliable supply of B12.Critically crucial, in particular for pregnant women, but for every body.
During being pregnant iodine’s essential, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s important, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we increase our children healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, within the seventh edition of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the first-rate-selling books ever, 2nd most effective to the Bible possibly on this United States.
Where within his ultimate version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, recommended all youngsters be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents have been loss of life from and see this burgeoning youth obesity epidemic. So truely we have to increase our kids within the healthiest feasible manner.That manner not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms in the home, and a whole meals, plant-based totally weight loss plan—absolutely primary, simple. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their respectable function paper says strictly plant-based diets are suitable for all levels of the way of life, which include pregnancy and infancy and on through old age.So really, we ought to all be raising wholesome children, and in reality, Scott Stoll is presently writing a ebook on raising vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or matters about it. Gianna ok, range four:please assist give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both males and females need not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out on the net.If you look at the technological know-how, though, it’s truely just sort of a excellent clinical consensus within terms of humans.
I suggest, the laboratory animal reviews, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or distinctive lines of mice have one of a kind consequences. When we in the end had human stats, so as an instance breast cancer, you could see concerns at the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise till 2004, the primary study that actually placed it to the check and in fact accompanied breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, simply to look who lived longer, who had much less breast cancer recurrence. And within that study and within all of five experiences performed so far, each unmarried one found that girls with breast most cancers, whether estrogen receptor high quality or poor, whether they had been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continually greater survival;placed all of them collectively, extra survival, lower cancer recurrence charge.
And so we’ve acknowledged that eating soy, in particular during early life, can reduce the threat of getting breast most cancers inside the first location, however now we realize it’s associated with improved survival as well. So wait a second.How is that possible while it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s absolutely kinds of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long scenario:alpha, beta—so basically your personal estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinctive form of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the consequences of soy at the body subjects on the ratio of these distinctive receptors and unique organs of the frame.And so it in reality has pro-estrogen outcomes in which you need it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It genuinely reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, for instance, in stories of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes in which you need it, as an instance inside the breast, decreasing breast most cancers threat and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery term for basically the first-rate of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic effect, reduces breast most cancers hazard. And so you don’t should devour it;all of the legumes are healthful, and i inspire people to eat entire soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you may get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a exceptional choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all whole soy ingredients, as well as a number of the extra processed stuff.And so you look inside the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got heaps of films approximately it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And just for the men accessible which might be involved that they could develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But by means of excessive soy—they have been literally drinking gallons of soy milk a day, so I overlook… I assume a few humans, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that stage you can honestly get sufficient alpha receptor hobby to honestly have pro-estrogenic results. So the reply isn't to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it'd be healthy. So soy intake within guys is related to decrease prostate cancer chance, which is the primary most cancers killer particular to guys.Gianna adequate, question wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti inflammatory food regimen, no surprise, may be one of the quality nutritional remedies for inflammatory diseases in popular, which include vehicle-immune ailment.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, that is an auto-immune sickness wherein your body assaults your very own nerves, the single quality recorded intervention—medical, surgical, something, no capsules—have ever beaten out a plant-based weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss program, so the handiest. So it’s not simply safer, cheaper.No, the most effective remedy ever published inside the peer reviewed medical scientific literature, a plant-based weight loss program.
Chron’s ailment, identical issue. A statistic out of Japan the use of a plant-based weight loss program, some of the great relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an car-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme about objective measures along with grip energy and inflammatory markers inside the blood movement or just within phrases of pleasant of existence for people stricken by those illnesses. Auto-immune disease, we just don’t have plenty of accurate insights for.We have data, so the Adventist 2 research located that those who devour strictly plant-based diets have the very best shares of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, that means normal thyroid characteristic, and so it may prevent thyroid troubles.
But there’s by no means been any statistic that truly placed plant-based diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speaking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different sorts of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have data for, however it'd make feel if it really works for a majority of these different automobile-immune diseases, it really works for these different inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen would have this effect.And part of that anti-inflammatory electricity is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might suppose fiber?We assume like bowel fitness or some thing.
It’s simply sort of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, however our top gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our gut. And we used to assume that became simply gut health, but now we realize that our microbiome, our pleasant vegetation down within our colon absolutely could have effects on our immune machine, even our mental health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch discovered within abundance within only one location: entire plant ingredients, and a number of these compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re destroy down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated for the duration of your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-primarily based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and supplements, vegan based, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, definitely diet B12 is critically critical for every body ingesting a wholesome weight loss plan, so I’d suggest 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest supply.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, however significantly essential from a regular reliable source.If you’re now not getting enough solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned sufficient and younger enough and thin enough and stay at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the nutrition D you want.
But it doesn’t be counted how sunny it is if you’re stuck at a desk activity all day, not getting outdoor, wherein case you’d need to supplement your eating regimen with nutrition D, the light nutrition. I endorse 2,000 worldwide gadgets of nutrition D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer remedy, going back to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It changed into for the reason that—interesting—type of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, where they gave human beings an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the type of dazzling effects that have been at the start seen, however they have been the use of oral vitamin C.We used to assume, properly, oral nutrition C is the same as intravenous diet C, however no, our body in reality clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t matter both manner, you’ll take in all of it. But once your frame gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of fruits and veggies worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, in order that they absolutely weren’t uncovered to the same amount.And so i have a whole shows of motion pictures on intravenous diet C for cancer in case you’re inquisitive about that;
I encourage humans to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—need to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending uncooked kale in a smoothie effective enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We need to devour cruciferous greens within whichever way receives us to devour the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to devour the most.In truth cruciferous greens are considered one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all the meals I inspire humans to get and suit into their daily recurring.So, you already know, vegetables every day are the healthies vegetables, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the great beverage, the first-rate sweeteners, how plenty workout to get—simply to kind of inspire humans to attempt to healthy some of the healthies of healthy meals into the eating regimen.And one of these bins I encourage human beings to tick off each day, you’re no longer going to suit—you’re now not going to test off the day until you get a few form of cruciferous vegetables, which is set a half cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, these types of extraordinary vegetables. And so essentially but you get them in your weight-reduction plan, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a super move-to way to get greens to your breakfast.
And I type of damage some white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to test the ones off. But, yeah, positioned them within a smoothie, put them anywhere;so long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most essential component.
Now you could overdo, I mean you could overdo uncooked cruciferous vegetables that have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds that are discovered in lots of healthy foods, not simplest broccoli, however also flaxseeds and some of different healthy things. But the reply isn't always to keep away from these certainly healthy foods;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re definitely marginally not getting enough iodine, then eating a number of broccoli and cruciferous can sincerely affect your degrees. So the response, you just ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then similar to dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the greater methods you may get them into your diet, the higher.There become this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget, it become like actually lots of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she become on some loopy diet, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… ok, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And look, we’re talking about ingredients with medicinal outcomes.I mean we need to anticipate like if you could devour as a good deal—I imply if there’s an unlimited amount of something that you can be uncovered to, likely doesn’t have an awful lot “uumph” to it, proper?
But the reality that, appearance, no, a number of these foods can have effective results on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a sure stage that you want to live within, however fortuitously they’re all easily within any form of traditional culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, a part of the reason that people soak or sprout nuts is to take away the phytates.So there was this notion, primarily based on reviews on dogs lower back in the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you could get rid of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to dispose of the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and other critical minerals. But we now recognise now not best is that now not the case, however phytates are certainly healthful for you, truly beneficial results of phytates, so we have to truly try to get as a whole lot phytates in our food plan as possible, and the way we do that is by using consuming our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire people to consume raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d rather not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are these glycotoxins related to multiplied threat of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and expanded ageing and every type of actually terrible things. And it’s shaped when excessive fat, high protein ingredients are uncovered to extremely excessive heat, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that form of thing—extraordinarily high.
So if you study it, whereas plant foods have nearly not anything no matter what you do—I suggest you can grill a bell pepper and also you’re no longer going to provide a hassle, but there are rare plant foods that are excessive within protein results, consisting of nuts, which includes soy. So we must actually, preferably must not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not a very good idea on a regular basis due to these a while.So that’s why we honestly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, definitely complete nuts are higher because you clearly chunk right down to little debris—no matter how well you chunk, you normally handiest fracture all the way down to approximately 2 mm, that's one thousand instances large than the debris observed within nut butters.And the reason that’s essential is because those cellular walls and those little cubes, which comprise loads of thousands of intact walls, absolutely defend all the nutrients inside from absorption in your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut plants.
So when we eat just acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t remove the fiber, however all of the nutrients are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving very little for our gut plant life at the cease.
Whereas if you consume entire intact grains or complete beans, then there may be simply those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our appropriate micro organism, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, where are we able to get amazing resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral vendor speak. Somebody need to have a look at crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, perhaps 15%.So people looking to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re looking to promote you something.
We can honestly look at the stats; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, ok, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli in preference to a 1/2 century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For folks who say absolutely everyone’s different, so all of us require special diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally weight-reduction plan help us live longer, healthier lives, every person? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur weight loss plan.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few crazy weight loss plan.
No, there’s a diet that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our remaining extremely good ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow great apes ate, which is essentially vegetables and fruit. We had been a plant-based diet, almost completely plant-based food plan, and handiest in the closing 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing a way to make tools and looking, etc.And so our biology is tuned to eating complete food, plant based—so no marvel that the identical type of eating regimen that reverses coronary heart sickness, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the identical diet that still reverses diabetes, and the equal eating regimen that reverses high blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel due to the fact, look, the anti inflammatory food regimen is a weight loss plan that enables your arteries anywhere all through your body.I mean, look, if that’s all a plant-based totally food regimen could do, reverse the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default diet until verified otherwise?
In truth that it could additionally save you or reverse different main killers would appear to make the case for plant-based eating definitely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing sources with them.
So on occasion it’s tough; people put up their defenses whilst someone attempts—while all of us comes to us with some new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s simply this kind of herbal reaction to kind of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing sort of 0.33-party sources:
“Here’s a wonderful documentary, here’s a outstanding internet site, right here’s a first rate book,” after which they could form of take it in on themselves, after which kind of the inducement comes from within in place of feeling a person’s trying to inform them to do some thing. So that’s one in all my preferred methods.And share awesome meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t rely how—will I stay that lengthy or simply experience like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s absolutely the exceptional of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes excellent and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based eating is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t realize my line. Where’s my cue card?