Author: Ivan Red Jr.
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about b12 foods vegan. In this article we'll discuss b12 foods vegan.
Happy to be here.
i'm a doctor, focusing on lifestyle medication the usage of weight loss program and workout no longer most effective save you ailment, however to treat and opposite it as nicely.
And all of it simply is going lower back to my grandma. You understand, I think the spark for many youngsters to want to be a health practitioner after they grow up is looking a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, but for me became looking my grandma get higher.She became diagnosed with quit level heart ailment.
Already had such a lot of skip surgeries, nothing greater the doctors ought to do. She became despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early lifestyle medication pioneers, and what took place next is absolutely distinctive within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and she or he walked out some weeks later.
She become on foot 10 miles an afternoon, and even though she turned into given her medical loss of life sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy food regimen became able to revel in any other 31 years on the earth to age 96, to preserve to experience her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I practice the type of remedy I do, way of life remedy.
I just want to do in your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s superb. First query:how a whole lot fat and protein do we want each day?
What are the great assets? And how tons have to athletes be consuming?Well, you recognize, we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk meals, we’ll come up with fat loose junk food, we’ll give you… I suggest any type of junk meals you need because it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about anything specific aspect, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these items, and that gives us this form of health halo, whilst within truth it must all be approximately food. And the motive people don’t speak about food is there’s no cash to be made within meals.In reality, deliver goes bad;
Can’t sit down on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower is not going to put an ad on television for broccoli due to the fact, you recognize, they’ll simply buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re by no means going to peer an ad on television for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no cash to be made.
That’s no longer wherein the profit is. The gadget is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest however maximum profitable behavior.And so, I mean, so that’s just form of falling into the meals enterprise’s lure to talk of form of this reductionist view of vitamins in place of food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I imply so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you may’t communicate approximately it.
That’s why the industry wishes you to talk like that, but it really has to come back down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, what else is in dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fat in this United States.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the primary source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one supply of calcium, however sure, there’s protein within red meat, sure, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as an awful lot as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however preserve the saturated fats, hold the hormones, hold the cholesterol.” I recognize, it’s a package— meals is a package deal deal. So the issue about that, so in case you get your calcium from, , dark green leafy greens alternatively, then it’s like, well, the luggage is really an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in phrases of food. So in case you inquire from me what are the nice ingredients that show up to have fat in them, properly, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you simply get the bonus instead of the bags.In terms of protein sources, anybody who doesn’t understand how to get protein on a plant-primarily based weight loss program doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant state. And then additionally some of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of things.So entire plant foods are the healthiest way to get nearly all your vitamins, and that’s virtually, I think, how we ought to consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off kind of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water just kind of appears a waste of energy to me.I mean it’s the same factor with like, you already know, kind of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally type of wasteful process. But you may get rid of a few little hint minerals, however that’s not sincerely the problem.I imply tap water is generally the most inexpensive, most secure supply of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t grow old and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride though?
It’s now not important, but from a public fitness viewpoint—rich human beings can visit the dentist and manage to pay for all kinds of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their tooth—however from a public fitness scale, I mean that’s how you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no huge deal, go to the dentist, proper? But in the event that they have a dental trouble, they could lose their enamel, which means that losing quite a few their vitamins or being within persistent pain.And absolutely from a public health point of view fluoridated water is—in reality, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health improvements over the past century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any guidelines or unique recommendations for ladies who pick out to consume a plant-based totally weight loss plan while pregnant, and who additionally pick out to raise children plant based after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re eating for two it’s simply that rather more essential to get all of the vitamins you need, and so it’s basically all the same advice you’d provide to all people eating a wholesome weight loss program, ingesting a plant-primarily based weight loss program.
Critically vital: diet B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by way of plant life.
One’s diet D, that's made by means of animals such as yourself while you walk out of doors; it’s the sunshine diet.And the alternative one’s vitamin B12.
Not made by using flowers, no longer made by way of animals both; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you already know, we may want to get all of the B12 we wished ingesting well water or out of a mountain or something a long time in the past, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a variety of B12 in our water any extra.
Don’t get a whole lot of cholera either. It’s an awesome issue that we live in a nice sanitary global, but due to that we want to get a normal reliable source of B12.Critically vital, especially for pregnant ladies, but for anyone.
During pregnancy iodine’s vital, a mineral regularly missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, if you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended daily allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our youngsters healthful?I say yes, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, inside the seventh edition of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the pleasant-promoting books ever, 2nd best to the Bible possibly on this United States.
Where within his last edition he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, recommended all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents were loss of life from and see this burgeoning early life weight problems epidemic. So honestly we should enhance our kids in the healthiest viable manner.That method not having them smoke cigarettes.
That method having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the domestic, and a whole food, plant-based diet—truly fundamental, simple. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their authentic position paper says strictly plant-based diets are suitable for all ranges of the lifestyle, which include pregnancy and infancy and on thru old age.So actually, we must all be elevating healthful children, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e book on elevating vegan youngsters;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or things approximately it. Gianna ok, wide variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why each ladies and men need now not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All varieties of nuttiness out on the internet.If you observe the technology, though, it’s honestly simply kind of a extremely good scientific consensus in phrases of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal reports, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or special strains of mice have exceptional outcomes. When we in the end had human facts, so as an instance breast cancer, you can see issues on the net approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize till 2004, the primary study that certainly positioned it to the take a look at and in fact observed breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that statistic and within all of five experiences completed to date, every unmarried one determined that women with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor fantastic or negative, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or not—all continually greater survival;positioned all of them collectively, more survival, lower cancer recurrence rate.
And so we’ve recognized that ingesting soy, specially at some point of childhood, can reduce the danger of having breast cancer in the first area, however now we understand it’s related to advanced survival as properly. So wait a 2d.How is that possible when it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s truly two forms of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended scenario:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinct form of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the outcomes of soy at the frame subjects at the ratio of those different receptors and one of a kind organs of the frame.And so it in reality has seasoned-estrogen results where you need it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It really reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, within reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic effects in which you need it, for instance inside the breast, decreasing breast most cancers threat and enhancing breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy time period for basically the excellent of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer chance. And so you don’t should eat it;all the legumes are healthy, and that i encourage humans to devour complete soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a awesome choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all complete soy foods, in addition to some of the extra processed stuff.And so that you appearance inside the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given lots of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t trust the craziness you study at the internet.Gianna And just for the males available which can be involved that they could grow breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But by using immoderate soy—they had been actually ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I overlook… I suppose some human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that degree you could actually get enough alpha receptor activity to virtually have pro-estrogenic consequences. So the option is not to keep away from soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it might be healthful. So soy intake within guys is associated with lower prostate most cancers chance, that is the primary most cancers killer specific to guys.Gianna ok, query variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti-inflammatory weight loss program, no marvel, may be one of the first-class dietary remedies for inflammatory sicknesses in wellknown, which includes auto-immune disease.So as an instance, multiple sclerosis, that's an automobile-immune disorder in which your body assaults your own nerves, the unmarried nice recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, anything, no drugs—have ever crushed out a plant-primarily based diet:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss plan, so the handiest. So it’s no longer simply safer, inexpensive.No, the simplest remedy ever posted inside the peer reviewed clinical clinical literature, a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Chron’s sickness, same issue. A research out of Japan using a plant-based food plan, some of the quality relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking approximately goal measures consisting of grip electricity and inflammatory markers inside the blood movement or simply within phrases of pleasant of existence for people tormented by these illnesses. Auto-immune ailment, we just don’t have plenty of appropriate records for.We have facts, so the Adventist 2 research located that folks that consume strictly plant-based totally diets have the very best shares of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, meaning everyday thyroid characteristic, and so it can save you thyroid troubles.
But there’s by no means been any statistic that surely put plant-based totally diets to the check within phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re talking about something like iodine deficiency. There’s other sorts of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have facts for, but it would make feel if it works for these kind of other vehicle-immune diseases, it works for those different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory weight loss plan could have this impact.And part of that anti inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We suppose like bowel health or some thing.
It’s simply sort of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our top gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our gut. And we used to think that was simply gut fitness, but now we recognise that our microbiome, our pleasant plant life down within our colon actually could have effects on our immune gadget, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch discovered in abundance within best one vicinity: whole plant ingredients, and a number of these compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re spoil down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated at some stage in your body. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan based, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, actually diet B12 is critically essential for anybody eating a wholesome weight loss plan, so I’d advise 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest source.Once per week is all you want.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, but significantly important from a ordinary dependable source.If you’re not getting enough sun… Now, if you’re light skinned enough and young sufficient and skinny sufficient and live at a latitude that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the nutrition D you need.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it is in case you’re stuck at a table process all day, now not getting outside, in which case you’d need to complement your food plan with nutrition D, the light vitamin. I advocate 2,000 worldwide devices of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I mean intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer remedy, going again to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It changed into on account that—exciting—type of debunked by Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave human beings a whole bunch of diet C; didn’t see the kind of astonishing outcomes that had been initially visible, but they have been using oral nutrition C.We used to assume, properly, oral nutrition C is the same as intravenous nutrition C, however no, our body really clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count either way, you’ll absorb all of it. But as soon as your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of fruits and veggies really worth—your frame begins clamping “that’s a bit too much.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, so they absolutely weren’t uncovered to the identical amount.And so i've an entire series of films on intravenous nutrition C for cancer if you’re interested in that;
I encourage human beings to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale in a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it bad for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We need to eat cruciferous greens within whichever manner gets us to eat the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to eat the most.In reality cruciferous greens are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate about all the ingredients I encourage human beings to get and match into their each day habitual.So, you understand, veggies each day are the healthies veggies, beans every day, berries each day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You recognize, the great beverage, the quality sweeteners, how an awful lot exercising to get—just to form of inspire humans to try and fit some of the healthies of healthy ingredients into the eating regimen.And one of these boxes I encourage human beings to tick off each day, you’re not going to match—you’re not going to test off the day unless you get some form of cruciferous veggies, which is about a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, a lot of these extraordinary vegetables. And so basically however you get them to your weight loss program, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a first rate cross-to manner to get greens on your breakfast.
And I type of ruin a few white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to check those off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;so long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the most important issue.
Now you can overdo, I imply you can overdo uncooked cruciferous greens that have this so called goitrogenic compounds which can be determined within masses of healthy meals, now not simplest broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of different healthy matters. But the option isn't to keep away from these truly healthy foods;it’s simply to get enough iodine due to the fact those goitrogenic compounds just intrude with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re certainly marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting a lot of broccoli and cruciferous can honestly have an effect on your degrees. So the option, you simply ensure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then just like dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the more ways you could get them into your food regimen, the better.There turned into this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget about, it turned into like literally hundreds of pounds of raw bok choy, she became on a few crazy food plan, and in reality did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… good enough, but… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire people, proper. And look, we’re speaking about ingredients with medicinal results.I suggest we should count on like if you can devour as plenty—I mean if there’s an infinite amount of some thing that you can be exposed to, likely doesn’t have much “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, appearance, no, a number of those foods may have powerful consequences on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a positive level which you want to stay through, however thankfully they’re all easily within any type of ordinary culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the motive that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to do away with the phytates.So there has been this thought, based totally on studies on dogs returned in the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to remove the phytates, and then you’d maximize your calcium absorption and other critical minerals. But we now realize not handiest is that no longer the case, however phytates are in reality healthful for you, in reality useful results of phytates, so we must in reality try and get as a lot phytates within our food plan as possible, and the way we do that is by using consuming our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The purpose we’d alternatively no longer roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which might be these glycotoxins associated with improved threat of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and improved ageing and all sorts of truly awful matters. And it’s formed when high fats, excessive protein meals are uncovered to extraordinarily excessive heat, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled bird, that type of thing—extremely high.
So if you take a look at it, while plant ingredients have nearly nothing regardless of what you do—I imply you may grill a bell pepper and you’re no longer going to provide a hassle, but there are uncommon plant foods which are excessive within protein effects, such as nuts, along with soy. So we need to certainly, ideally must not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not a terrific concept on a ordinary foundation due to these ages.So that’s why we really shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, virtually whole nuts are higher because you virtually bite all the way down to little debris—no matter how well you chew, you generally most effective fracture all the way down to about 2 mm, that's one thousand times larger than the debris determined within nut butters.And the cause that’s critical is due to the fact those cell walls and people little cubes, which include hundreds of thousands of intact partitions, without a doubt defend all the nutrients internal from absorption to your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut flowers.
So while we eat just acellular meals, powders like flour products, although it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we devour 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t put off the fiber, but all of the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving little or no for our gut plant life on the cease.
Whereas if you devour entire intact grains or entire beans, then there's absolutely those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our right micro organism, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which are we able to get notable sources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy trace mineral dealer talk. Somebody have to look at crop nutrient decline over the past half of century, maybe 15%.So human beings looking to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, simply because they’re seeking to promote you some thing.
We can genuinely observe the facts; the USDA tracks vitamins within the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, ok, in place of five florets of broccoli, now you need to consume six florets of broccoli instead of a half of century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For people who say every person’s exclusive, so we all require one-of-a-kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole meals, plant-based eating regimen help us stay longer, more healthy lives, all people? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur weight-reduction plan.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get some loopy food regimen.
No, there’s a food regimen that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We developed for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our remaining excellent ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow exquisite apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We had been a plant-based diet, nearly solely plant-based totally weight loss plan, and handiest within the final 10% of our evolution did we start knowing the way to make equipment and hunting, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to eating whole food, plant primarily based—so no surprise that the same kind of food regimen that reverses heart disorder, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the identical eating regimen that still reverses diabetes, and the same weight loss program that reverses high blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes sense due to the fact, appearance, the anti-inflammatory food regimen is a food regimen that facilitates your arteries anywhere in the course of your body.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-primarily based food regimen ought to do, opposite the number one killer of men and women, shouldn’t that be sort of the default diet until tested in any other case?
In truth that it could also prevent or opposite other leading killers could seem to make the case for plant-primarily based eating definitely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing resources with them.
So every now and then it’s tough; human beings placed up their defenses while someone tries—while all of us involves us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s just this type of herbal reaction to sort of need to hold on.That’s why sharing type of third-celebration sources:
“Here’s a exquisite documentary, right here’s a tremendous website, here’s a exquisite ebook,” and then they can form of take it in on themselves, and then sort of the motivation comes from through in preference to feeling someone’s attempting to inform them to do something. So that’s certainly one of my favorite ways.And percentage superb food!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I stay that lengthy or simply sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s actually the best of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2d. Tastes exquisite and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-primarily based ingesting is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?