Author: Dean Rouseberg
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about beef steak. In this article we'll discuss beef steak.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a medical doctor, specializing in way of life medication the usage of weight loss program and workout not handiest prevent disease, but to deal with and opposite it as well.
And it all honestly is going back to my grandma. You know, I think the spark for plenty kids to want to be a doctor once they develop up is looking a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, however for me turned into watching my grandma get higher.She became recognized with quit degree coronary heart disorder.
Already had such a lot of pass surgeries, nothing extra the doctors could do. She became sent home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, one of our early lifestyle medicine pioneers, and what happened next is honestly exact within Pritikin’s biography, to speak approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She was walking 10 miles a day, and though she turned into given her scientific demise sentence at age 65, way to a healthy food regimen turned into capable of experience another 31 years on this planet to age 96, to continue to revel in her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I exercise the type of medicine I do, way of life medicinal drug.
I simply want to do for your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s superb. First query:how lots fats and protein do we need daily?
What are the exceptional resources? And how an awful lot must athletes be ingesting?Well, you understand, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fat free junk meals, we’ll provide you with… I imply any sort of junk meals you need as it’s all approximately macro vitamins or it’s all approximately something unique component, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these things, and that offers us this kind of fitness halo, whilst within reality it ought to all be approximately food. And the reason human beings don’t talk approximately meals is there’s no money to be made within meals.In fact, deliver is going horrific;
Can’t sit down on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower is not going to position an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you realize, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re never going to look an advert on television for candy potatoes because there’s just no cash to be made.
That’s no longer where the income is. The machine is installation to reward just the unhealthiest however maximum profitable conduct.And so, I mean, in order that’s simply form of falling into the meals industry’s trap to talk of kind of this reductionist view of nutrients in place of food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you can’t speak approximately it.
That’s why the industry wishes you to talk like that, but it truly has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fats on this U.S.A.
People think like steak or something. No, the primary supply of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the number one source of calcium, but yes, there’s protein within beef, yes, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as plenty as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein but keep the saturated fat, preserve the hormones, hold the cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a package deal— food is a package deal. So the factor approximately that, so in case you get your calcium from, you recognize, dark inexperienced leafy veggies as a substitute, then it’s like, nicely, the baggage is actually a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items lacking from form of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we assume in phrases of meals. So in case you inquire from me what are the best meals that happen to have fat within them, nicely, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you simply get the bonus rather than the luggage.In terms of protein assets, everyone who doesn’t understand the way to get protein on a plant-based food regimen doesn’t recognize beans, proper?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also a number of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So entire plant foods are the healthiest way to get almost all your vitamins, and that’s truely, I think, how we have to consider those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, rip-off form of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the science round that. Distilled water simply sort of appears a waste of strength to me.I mean it’s the equal thing with like, you realize, form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a completely sort of wasteful procedure. But you can dispose of a few little hint minerals, but that’s not absolutely the difficulty.I imply tap water is typically the most inexpensive, most secure source of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t grow old and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride even though?
It’s now not necessary, however from a public fitness viewpoint—rich people can go to the dentist and have enough money all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their teeth—but from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s how you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no massive deal, go to the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental problem, they could lose their teeth, which means that losing lots of their nutrition or being in chronic pain.And honestly from a public fitness standpoint fluoridated water is—in reality, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any pointers or unique suggestions for women who select to consume a plant-based totally diet at the same time as pregnant, and who also pick to raise youngsters plant primarily based after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s simply that rather more essential to get all the vitamins you want, and so it’s essentially all of the same advice you’d provide to anyone ingesting a healthy food plan, ingesting a plant-primarily based food plan.
Critically critical: nutrition B12.So there’s vitamins that aren’t made with the aid of plant life.
One’s vitamin D, that's made by animals consisting of yourself when you walk out of doors; it’s the light nutrition.And the alternative one’s diet B12.
Not made by way of flora, no longer made by means of animals both; made by using little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we may want to get all the B12 we wanted drinking well water or out of a mountain or something a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a variety of B12 in our water any extra.
Don’t get a number of cholera either. It’s a terrific aspect that we live in a nice sanitary world, but due to that we want to get a ordinary reliable supply of B12.Critically important, especially for pregnant ladies, however for absolutely everyone.
During being pregnant iodine’s crucial, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s essential, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we enhance our youngsters healthful?I say yes, indeed, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the first-class-promoting books ever, 2d simplest to the Bible possibly on this U.S.
Where in his closing version he wrote, within his 90s before he died, recommended all kids be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he may want to see what the grandparents have been dying from and see this burgeoning childhood obesity epidemic. So sincerely we must increase our children in the healthiest feasible way.That way not having them smoke cigarettes.
That way having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and an entire food, plant-based food regimen—honestly simple, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reliable position paper says strictly plant-based diets are appropriate for all degrees of the life-style, including being pregnant and infancy and on via old age.So surely, we must all be raising healthy children, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e-book on raising vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or matters about it. Gianna adequate, quantity four:please help provide an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each males and females need no longer worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the internet.If you look at the technological know-how, though, it’s surely simply type of a top notch clinical consensus within terms of people.
I mean, the laboratory animal reports, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary strains of mice have special consequences. When we ultimately had human data, so as an instance breast most cancers, you can see worries on the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise till 2004, the primary statistic that simply put it to the test and in reality observed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that poll and within all of five reports performed up to now, each unmarried one discovered that women with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor positive or poor, whether they had been on Tamoxifen or now not—all continuously greater survival;placed all of them collectively, extra survival, lower cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve regarded that eating soy, particularly all through adolescence, can lessen the danger of getting breast most cancers within the first place, but now we are aware of it’s related to stepped forward survival as properly. So wait a 2nd.How is that feasible while it has estrogenic consequences?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s honestly types of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long story:alpha, beta—so essentially your personal estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced through your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a one-of-a-kind form of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy on the frame subjects on the ratio of those one-of-a-kind receptors and specific organs of the frame.And so it sincerely has pro-estrogen effects in which you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It simply reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, as an instance, within studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences wherein you want it, for example within the breast, lowering breast most cancers chance and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy term for basically the high-quality of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers danger. And so you don’t have to consume it;all of the legumes are healthy, and that i inspire human beings to eat complete soy assets like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a splendid choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all complete soy foods, in addition to some of the greater processed stuff.And so that you appearance within the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got lots of movies about it. So yeah, you simply don’t trust the craziness you examine at the internet.Gianna And only for the men obtainable which might be concerned that they may grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But through immoderate soy—they had been actually drinking gallons of soy milk a day, so I overlook… I assume some human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that level you may absolutely get sufficient alpha receptor hobby to genuinely have pro-estrogenic outcomes. So the answer is not to avoid soy, but not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it might be healthy. So soy intake within guys is related to lower prostate cancer threat, which is the primary most cancers killer particular to men.Gianna adequate, question number five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti-inflammatory eating regimen, no surprise, may be one of the pleasant dietary remedies for inflammatory sicknesses in fashionable, together with auto-immune disease.So as an example, more than one sclerosis, that is an auto-immune ailment in which your frame assaults your own nerves, the single great recorded intervention—medical, surgical, anything, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-based totally weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss plan, so the only. So it’s not just safer, less expensive.No, the handiest treatment ever posted inside the peer reviewed clinical medical literature, a plant-based eating regimen.
Chron’s ailment, same thing. A study out of Japan the use of a plant-primarily based food plan, some of the excellent relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speaking about goal measures consisting of grip strength and inflammatory markers within the blood movement or simply within phrases of excellent of lifestyles for humans suffering from these sicknesses. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have quite a few properly facts for.We have data, so the Adventist 2 poll found that folks that eat strictly plant-based diets have the highest shares of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, which means ordinary thyroid function, and so it can prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s in no way been any statistic that definitely put plant-based totally diets to the check in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speakme about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different styles of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have insights for, but it'd make experience if it works for most of these different car-immune diseases, it works for those other inflammatory sicknesses, an anti inflammatory eating regimen could have this effect.And a part of that anti inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could assume fiber?We suppose like bowel health or some thing.
It’s simply sort of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, however our true gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to suppose that became simply intestine health, however now we realize that our microbiome, our friendly plants down in our colon really will have consequences on our immune gadget, even our mental fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch discovered within abundance within simplest one region: complete plant ingredients, and some of these compounds have anti inflammatory results.They’re smash down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated in the course of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, sincerely vitamin B12 is significantly essential for every body eating a wholesome diet, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, which is the most inexpensive source.Once a week is all you need.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, but severely crucial from a normal dependable source.If you’re no longer getting sufficient solar… Now, in case you’re mild skinned sufficient and younger enough and thin enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the nutrition D you want.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it is in case you’re stuck at a desk job all day, not getting outside, in which case you’d want to supplement your food plan with vitamin D, the light nutrition. I suggest 2,000 global gadgets of nutrition D3 a day.So, I suggest intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer remedy, going again to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s work.
It turned into due to the fact—thrilling—type of debunked via Mayo Clinic, where they gave people a whole bunch of diet C; didn’t see the type of extraordinary outcomes that have been at first visible, however they had been the usage of oral vitamin C.We used to assume, well, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous nutrition C, however no, our body certainly clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t remember either way, you’ll soak up all of it. But once your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is ready five servings of end result and vegetables worth—your body starts offevolved clamping “that’s a bit too much.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, so they definitely weren’t exposed to the equal amount.And so i've an entire series of videos on intravenous diet C for most cancers if you’re interested in that;
I encourage people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your preferred—need to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie effective enough, and is it terrible for the thyroid to eat them raw? Oh, my God.We must devour cruciferous vegetables in whichever way gets us to devour the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to eat the maximum.In fact cruciferous vegetables are considered one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all of the meals I encourage people to get and suit into their every day ordinary.So, you already know, veggies each day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You realize, the fine beverage, the pleasant sweeteners, how a good deal exercise to get—simply to sort of encourage humans to attempt to fit a number of the healthies of healthy meals into the food regimen.And one of these containers I inspire human beings to tick off each day, you’re not going to suit—you’re no longer going to check off the day unless you get a few shape of cruciferous greens, which is set a half of cup of cooked cruciferous veggies, approximately a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, a majority of these super greens. And so essentially but you get them for your eating regimen, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a high-quality pass-to manner to get greens to your breakfast.
And I form of ruin a few white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to test those off. But, yeah, positioned them in a smoothie, put them anywhere;so long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most important factor.
Now you could overdo, I imply you may overdo raw cruciferous veggies that have this so called goitrogenic compounds which can be found within masses of healthful foods, no longer simplest broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of different healthy matters. But the reply is not to avoid these in reality healthful meals;it’s simply to get enough iodine because those goitrogenic compounds simply intervene with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re certainly marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then eating quite a few broccoli and cruciferous can genuinely have an effect on your tiers. So the reply, you simply ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which just like dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the extra approaches you can get them into your diet, the better.There was this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I forget about, it turned into like actually thousands of pounds of raw bok choy, she was on some crazy weight loss program, and actually did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… adequate, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I inspire people, proper. And appearance, we’re talking approximately foods with medicinal effects.I mean we must expect like if you could devour as plenty—I suggest if there’s a vast amount of something that you can be uncovered to, likely doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, look, no, a number of those foods may have powerful results on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a sure stage that you want to stay through, but fortuitously they’re all without problems through any kind of ordinary culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, a part of the cause that humans soak or sprout nuts is to take away the phytates.So there was this idea, based totally on experiences on puppies back inside the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you may put off the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to remove the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different essential minerals. But we now realize now not only is that now not the case, but phytates are simply wholesome for you, surely beneficial results of phytates, so we should truly try and get as plenty phytates in our food plan as viable, and the way we do that is via ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to consume uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The reason we’d as a substitute now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which can be those glycotoxins related to accelerated threat of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and elevated growing older and all kinds of really horrific matters. And it’s formed while high fat, high protein ingredients are uncovered to extraordinarily high warmth, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that form of aspect—extraordinarily excessive.
So in case you have a look at it, whereas plant ingredients have almost nothing regardless of what you do—I mean you may grill a bell pepper and you’re now not going to provide a trouble, but there are rare plant meals which might be high within protein outcomes, which includes nuts, including soy. So we ought to certainly, ideally ought to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an amazing idea on a regular basis because of these a long time.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, sincerely whole nuts are better because you definitely chunk down to little particles—irrespective of how properly you chunk, you commonly only fracture down to approximately 2 mm, that's 1000 instances larger than the debris discovered within nut butters.And the reason that’s crucial is because those mobile partitions and people little cubes, which contain loads of heaps of intact partitions, truly defend all of the vitamins interior from absorption in your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flowers.
So whilst we consume simply acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even though it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we consume 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t get rid of the fiber, but all the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving very little for our intestine vegetation on the quit.
Whereas if you consume entire intact grains or complete beans, then there is virtually those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our properly bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get high-quality resources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral vendor talk. Somebody need to examine crop nutrient decline over the past half century, maybe 15%.So humans trying to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just because they’re looking to sell you some thing.
We can certainly look at the information; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, adequate, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli rather than a half of century in the past. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For people who say absolutely everyone’s extraordinary, so all of us require one-of-a-kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does an entire meals, plant-primarily based eating regimen assist us live longer, healthier lives, all of us? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get some crazy weight-reduction plan.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We developed for millions of years.So we broke from our remaining notable ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow tremendous apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We have been a plant-based diet, nearly exclusively plant-based food regimen, and most effective within the final 10% of our evolution did we start understanding a way to make gear and hunting, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting complete food, plant based totally—so no wonder that the equal sort of diet that reverses heart ailment, the primary killer of males and females, is the identical eating regimen that still reverses diabetes, and the same food plan that reverses high blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes feel due to the fact, appearance, the anti-inflammatory weight loss plan is a food regimen that allows your arteries everywhere at some point of your frame.I suggest, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based food regimen should do, opposite the primary killer of men and women, shouldn’t that be form of the default food regimen until tested otherwise?
In reality that it is able to also save you or opposite different main killers could appear to make the case for plant-based consuming simply overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing assets with them.
So once in a while it’s hard; people placed up their defenses whilst someone attempts—while all of us involves us with some new idea that conflicts with what we trust, there’s just this type of natural reaction to form of want to hold on.That’s why sharing sort of 0.33-birthday celebration sources:
“Here’s a first-rate documentary, right here’s a superb website, right here’s a tremendous book,” after which they could type of take it in on themselves, after which kind of the inducement comes from within in preference to feeling someone’s trying to inform them to do some thing. So that’s one among my favored approaches.And proportion super meals!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I stay that long or just feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s certainly the high-quality of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes first-rate and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based ingesting is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?