Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about best vegan foods. In this article we'll discuss best vegan foods.
Happy to be here.
i'm a doctor, specializing in lifestyle medicine the use of eating regimen and exercising now not simplest save you disease, but to treat and reverse it as nicely.
And it all definitely goes returned to my grandma. You realize, I suppose the spark for plenty children to need to be a doctor once they grow up is looking a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me was looking my grandma get higher.She turned into identified with stop level coronary heart disease.
Already had such a lot of skip surgical procedures, not anything more the medical doctors could do. She was sent domestic in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, one among our early lifestyle remedy pioneers, and what occurred next is genuinely designated within Pritikin’s biography, to speak about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She became taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and although she became given her scientific demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy weight loss program became able to revel in any other 31 years on this planet to age 96, to keep to revel in her six grandkids consisting of me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I practice the kind of medicine I do, lifestyle medication.
I simply want to do to your own family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s notable. First query:how tons fat and protein do we need day by day?
What are the satisfactory assets? And how tons have to athletes be ingesting?Well, you realize, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll provide you with vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fats unfastened junk meals, we’ll come up with… I mean any sort of junk food you need because it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about some thing unique issue, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that gives us this sort of fitness halo, when in fact it must all be approximately food. And the reason humans don’t communicate approximately meals is there’s no money to be made within food.In reality, deliver is going horrific;
Can’t sit at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to put an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you already know, they’ll simply buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re never going to look an ad on television for candy potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s now not in which the earnings is. The device is installation to reward simply the unhealthiest however most worthwhile behavior.And so, I mean, so that’s just kind of falling into the food industry’s entice to speak of sort of this reductionist view of nutrients as opposed to meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, right? I imply so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you can’t speak about it.
That’s why the industry wants you to talk like that, however it absolutely has to return right down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, what else is within dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fats on this United States.
People assume like steak or something. No, the primary supply of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the primary supply of calcium, but sure, there’s protein within red meat, sure, there’s iron within beef, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as lots as Burger King says you can “have it your way,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however preserve the saturated fat, maintain the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I know, it’s a package— meals is a package deal. So the issue about that, so if you get your calcium from, you already know, dark green leafy greens as a substitute, then it’s like, nicely, the luggage is in reality a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things missing from type of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose within terms of meals. So in case you inquire from me what are the pleasant foods that occur to have fat within them, well, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus instead of the baggage.In phrases of protein resources, anybody who doesn’t recognize a way to get protein on a plant-primarily based diet doesn’t recognise beans, proper?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also some of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of things.So complete plant foods are the healthiest manner to get almost all of your nutrients, and that’s definitely, I think, how we have to think about those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question quantity two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the science around that. Distilled water simply type of appears a waste of electricity to me.I mean it’s the identical aspect with like, you realize, kind of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a very type of wasteful system. But you may eliminate some little trace minerals, however that’s now not honestly the problem.I imply tap water is usually the cheapest, most secure source of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the purpose why we don’t develop vintage and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride even though?
It’s no longer necessary, however from a public health perspective—rich people can go to the dentist and come up with the money for all types of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her enamel—however from a public fitness scale, I mean that’s how you attain impoverished populations which won't have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental hassle, no large deal, go to the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental problem, they could lose their teeth, which means that dropping quite a few their vitamins or being in persistent pain.And truly from a public health viewpoint fluoridated water is—within truth, in line with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness innovations over the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any tips or special hints for girls who pick to eat a plant-based diet at the same time as pregnant, and who additionally pick out to elevate kids plant based after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s just that rather more crucial to get all the vitamins you want, and so it’s essentially all of the equal advice you’d deliver to every body ingesting a healthy diet, eating a plant-primarily based diet.
Critically vital: diet B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by way of flora.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by means of animals such as your self while you walk out of doors; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the other one’s vitamin B12.
Not made via flora, no longer made by way of animals both; made by means of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we could get all the B12 we needed drinking nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have quite a few B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get a whole lot of cholera both. It’s an excellent factor that we live in a pleasing sanitary world, but because of that we want to get a regular reliable supply of B12.Critically important, specifically for pregnant women, however for anybody.
During being pregnant iodine’s crucial, a mineral regularly lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s important, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we raise our youngsters healthful?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the nice-promoting books ever, second most effective to the Bible possibly in this United States of America.
Where within his final edition he wrote, within his 90s before he died, recommended all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he should see what the grandparents have been loss of life from and see this burgeoning early life obesity epidemic. So clearly we should enhance our kids in the healthiest feasible manner.That method now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the home, and a whole food, plant-based totally weight-reduction plan—sincerely fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their legit role paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all degrees of the lifestyle, together with being pregnant and infancy and on thru antique age.So genuinely, we have to all be raising healthy kids, and in reality, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e-book on elevating vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two things about it. Gianna adequate, quantity four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why each males and females want now not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out at the net.If you study the technological know-how, though, it’s truly simply type of a remarkable scientific consensus in terms of humans.
I suggest, the laboratory animal reports, it depends in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or exceptional traces of mice have exclusive effects. When we subsequently had human statistics, so for example breast most cancers, you can see concerns on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t realize until 2004, the primary study that really positioned it to the check and in reality followed breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to see who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that study and in all of five reports done so far, every single one determined that girls with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor tremendous or poor, whether or not they have been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continuously more survival;placed all of them together, extra survival, lower most cancers recurrence charge.
And so we’ve recognised that ingesting soy, specifically at some point of childhood, can lessen the threat of having breast most cancers inside the first region, but now we are aware of it’s related to stepped forward survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that viable whilst it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s honestly two styles of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted tale:alpha, beta—so basically your personal estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a extraordinary sort of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the outcomes of soy at the body topics on the ratio of these exceptional receptors and special organs of the frame.And so it really has pro-estrogen effects wherein you need it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It in reality reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, within studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results where you need it, for instance in the breast, decreasing breast most cancers chance and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy term for essentially the great of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic effect, reduces breast cancer threat. And so you don’t ought to devour it;all of the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage people to eat whole soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you could get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a fantastic preference. Tempeh, miso, those are all entire soy ingredients, as well as some of the greater processed stuff.And so that you appearance within the clinical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got tons of videos about it. So yeah, you simply don’t consider the craziness you examine on the internet.Gianna And just for the adult males obtainable that are involved that they may develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy consumption.
But by way of immoderate soy—they were literally consuming gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I neglect… I think a few people, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that level you could actually get sufficient alpha receptor activity to simply have pro-estrogenic effects. So the option isn't to keep away from soy, however not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it'd be healthful. So soy intake within guys is related to lower prostate most cancers chance, that's the primary cancer killer precise to guys.Gianna adequate, question variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti-inflammatory diet, no surprise, may be one of the high-quality nutritional treatments for inflammatory sicknesses within standard, along with automobile-immune disease.So as an instance, multiple sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune disease wherein your body assaults your personal nerves, the single satisfactory recorded intervention—medical, surgical, anything, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-based totally eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the only. So it’s now not simply more secure, inexpensive.No, the only treatment ever published in the peer reviewed medical scientific literature, a plant-primarily based weight loss program.
Chron’s disorder, equal element. A statistic out of Japan the usage of a plant-based totally eating regimen, some of the best relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s disease is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re talking approximately goal measures such as grip electricity and inflammatory markers in the blood move or simply within phrases of high-quality of lifestyles for human beings suffering from those illnesses. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have a whole lot of precise data for.We have statistics, so the Adventist 2 statistic observed that folks who eat strictly plant-based totally diets have the very best rates of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, meaning regular thyroid feature, and so it can prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s never been any poll that honestly positioned plant-based totally diets to the take a look at in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re talking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other kinds of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have information for, but it might make sense if it really works for some of these other vehicle-immune sicknesses, it works for those other inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen might have this impact.And part of that anti inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would suppose fiber?We assume like bowel health or some thing.
It’s just kind of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our proper gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our intestine. And we used to think that changed into just gut health, however now we recognise that our microbiome, our friendly plant life down in our colon sincerely can have effects on our immune device, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch found in abundance in handiest one area: entire plant ingredients, and some of those compounds have anti inflammatory outcomes.They’re break down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated during your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan primarily based, either taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, virtually nutrition B12 is critically crucial for anyone eating a healthful food plan, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest supply.Once a week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, however severely vital from a everyday reliable source.If you’re now not getting sufficient sun… Now, in case you’re light skinned sufficient and young enough and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the nutrition D you want.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's miles in case you’re caught at a desk process all day, no longer getting out of doors, wherein case you’d want to supplement your weight loss plan with nutrition D, the light vitamin. I advise 2,000 global gadgets of vitamin D3 an afternoon.So, I mean intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer treatment, going lower back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It changed into because—interesting—type of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, where they gave humans an entire bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the sort of wonderful results that were at first seen, but they have been using oral vitamin C.We used to suppose, properly, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous vitamin C, but no, our body really clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t depend both manner, you’ll take in all of it. But as soon as your frame receives over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is ready five servings of fruits and greens worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, so that they definitely weren’t uncovered to the identical amount.And so i've a whole series of motion pictures on intravenous nutrition C for cancer if you’re inquisitive about that;
I inspire people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale in a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it terrible for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We must devour cruciferous vegetables within whichever manner receives us to consume the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner gets you to consume the most.In fact cruciferous greens are one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate approximately all of the foods I encourage humans to get and in shape into their each day habitual.So, you already know, vegetables every day are the healthies vegetables, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You recognize, the exceptional beverage, the best sweeteners, how lots exercise to get—just to sort of encourage human beings to attempt to fit a number of the healthies of wholesome meals into the food regimen.And one of those packing containers I encourage people to tick off each day, you’re no longer going to match—you’re now not going to check off the day until you get some form of cruciferous veggies, which is about a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, these types of high-quality veggies. And so basically however you get them on your diet, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a first rate move-to manner to get vegetables to your breakfast.
And I form of ruin some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to check the ones off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, placed them everywhere;as long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the maximum important thing.
Now you can overdo, I imply you can overdo uncooked cruciferous vegetables which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which can be observed in lots of healthful meals, now not simplest broccoli, but also flaxseeds and a number of different wholesome things. But the reply is not to avoid these really wholesome meals;it’s simply to get enough iodine because those goitrogenic compounds just intervene with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So if you’re genuinely marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting a lot of broccoli and cruciferous can virtually affect your stages. So the answer, you simply ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which just like darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the greater approaches you can get them into your food plan, the higher.There changed into this well-known case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I forget, it changed into like actually heaps of pounds of raw bok choy, she turned into on some loopy weight loss plan, and actually did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… adequate, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage humans, proper. And look, we’re speaking about meals with medicinal consequences.I suggest we ought to expect like if you can devour as much—I mean if there’s an infinite quantity of some thing that you could be exposed to, likely doesn’t have lots “uumph” to it, proper?
But the truth that, look, no, some of those ingredients can have effective consequences on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a certain stage which you need to live through, however luckily they’re all effortlessly within any form of common culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, part of the cause that people soak or sprout nuts is to put off the phytates.So there was this idea, based on studies on puppies again within the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you may put off the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to take away the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and different critical minerals. But we now recognize not simplest is that no longer the case, but phytates are genuinely healthful for you, truly beneficial consequences of phytates, so we must surely try to get as an awful lot phytates in our weight-reduction plan as possible, and the manner we do that is by using consuming our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to eat raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d rather now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, that are those glycotoxins related to accelerated hazard of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and expanded aging and all sorts of actually awful things. And it’s formed while high fats, high protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily high warmness, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that type of element—extraordinarily high.
So in case you observe it, whereas plant foods have nearly nothing regardless of what you do—I imply you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re not going to offer a trouble, but there are rare plant meals which are high in protein results, such as nuts, together with soy. So we ought to truly, ideally need to no longer—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a good idea on a ordinary basis due to those a while.So that’s why we really shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, definitely entire nuts are higher due to the fact you truely bite right down to little particles—irrespective of how nicely you bite, you generally simplest fracture down to approximately 2 mm, that's one thousand times larger than the particles found in nut butters.And the purpose that’s essential is due to the fact the ones cell walls and people little cubes, which contain hundreds of heaps of intact walls, truly protect all the vitamins inner from absorption to your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine vegetation.
So whilst we devour simply acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we consume 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the vitamins; they didn’t do away with the fiber, however all of the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine flowers on the quit.
Whereas in case you consume whole intact grains or whole beans, then there's genuinely these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our properly micro organism, and that improves our intestine fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which are we able to get incredible resources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy trace mineral seller talk. Somebody ought to look at crop nutrient decline over the past half century, perhaps 15%.So people seeking to promote you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re seeking to sell you some thing.
We can certainly observe the insights; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, ok, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli instead of a half century ago. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For folks who say all people’s special, so we all require specific diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole food, plant-based totally diet assist us stay longer, more healthy lives, everyone? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight-reduction plan and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some crazy diet.
No, there’s a diet that’s clearly tuned to our biology. We evolved for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our final extraordinary ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow incredible apes ate, which is basically greens and fruit. We were a plant-based eating regimen, almost completely plant-based totally eating regimen, and simplest in the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we start understanding the way to make equipment and searching, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to eating whole meals, plant based totally—so no marvel that the identical form of weight loss plan that reverses coronary heart disease, the primary killer of women and men, is the identical diet that also reverses diabetes, and the equal food regimen that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience due to the fact, appearance, the anti-inflammatory food regimen is a weight loss plan that facilitates your arteries anywhere during your frame.I suggest, appearance, if that’s all a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan may want to do, opposite the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be sort of the default food plan until validated in any other case?
In fact that it could also save you or reverse other main killers could seem to make the case for plant-primarily based consuming actually overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing assets with them.
So sometimes it’s tough; humans positioned up their defenses whilst a person attempts—when every person involves us with some new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s just this type of herbal reaction to type of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing kind of third-birthday party sources:
“Here’s a super documentary, here’s a awesome internet site, right here’s a first-rate e-book,” after which they can kind of take it within on themselves, and then sort of the inducement comes from through in preference to feeling someone’s trying to inform them to do some thing. So that’s considered one of my favorite methods.And proportion high-quality food!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t count number how—will I live that lengthy or just experience like I lived that long? But no, it’s certainly the exceptional of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes splendid and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally consuming is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?