Diet № 13 - In Acute Infectious Diseases

Purpose of the diet

• In acute infectious diseases

Purpose

• Maintaining the general strength of the body and increasing its resistance to infections, reducing intoxication, sparing the digestive organs in conditions of fever and bed rest.

Common feature

• The diet is low in calories at the expense of fats, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent protein. The amount of vitamins and fluids is increased. Among the variety of products, those that are easy to process, do not cause flatulence and do not lead to constipation predominate. Sources of crude fiber, greasy, salty and difficult-to-digest dishes and products are excluded. Food is mashed or prepared in the form of puree. They are steamed or boiled in water. Serve hot (their temperature should not be lower than 55 - 60 degrees) and cold (not less than 12 degrees).

Chemical composition and calorific value

• carbohydrates - 300 - 350 grams (30% easily digestible);
• protein - 75 - 80 grams (60 - 70% animal, especially dairy);
• fat - 60 - 70 grams (15% vegetable);
• calories - 2200 - 2300 kcal;
• sodium chloride - 8 - 10 grams (increases with heavy sweating and profuse vomiting;
• free liquid - 2 liters and more.

Diet

• Small portions of food, taken 5-6 times a day.

Products and dishes that are recommended and accordingly prohibited

Bread and pasta :

• Recommended - dried wheat bread from high quality flour or rusks, biscuits and pastries from non-fat dough;
• Excluded - fatty broths, legume soups and millet.

Meat and poultry :

• It is recommended - lean species, the meat should be cleaned of fat, tendons, skins, skins (in birds); dishes cut into pieces and steamed beef, chicken, turkey; boiled beef, chicken, rabbit; souffles and purees of cooked meats; steamed meatballs.
• Excluded - fatty meats, duck, goose, lamb, pork, sausages, canned food.

Fish :

• Recommended - non-greasy species, the skin is removed; they are steamed, boiled in the form of small pieces or minced meat;
• Excluded - fatty species, salted and smoked fish, canned food.

Dairy products :

• Recommended - acidophilic and other fermented milk products, fresh cottage cheese and products from it (souffles, puddings, etc.), cream with a fat content of 10 - 20%, grated cheese. Milk and cream are added to the dishes.
• Excluded - whole milk and cream, sharp and fatty cheeses.

Eggs :

• Recommended - soft-boiled, steamed, protein omelets;
• Excluded - hard-boiled and fried eggs.

Cereals :

• Recommended - in the form of puree, well-cooked semi-liquid and semi-thick porridges with the addition of broth or milk to them, steamed puddings, semolina souffles, rice, buckwheat, oats; boiled noodles.
• Excluded - millet, barley, corn, legumes, pasta.

Vegetables :

• Recommended - potatoes, carrots, beets, ripe tomatoes, cauliflower in the form of puree, souffles, steamed puddings. The various zucchini and squash may not be pureed.
• Excluded - white cabbage, turnips, radishes, onions, garlic, cucumbers, legumes and mushrooms.

Appetizers :

• Recommended - jelly meat and fish, caviar.
• Excluded - fatty, spicy in taste and smoked appetizers and appetizers, canned food, vegetable salads.

Fruits, sweets and confectionery :

• Recommended - raw fruits, but very well ripened, with a soft fleshy part, sweet and sour-sweet, most often grated; baked apples, dried fruit purees, pickles, mousses, mashed compotes, jellies; lactic acids and creams. Sugar, honey, jam, jams, marmalades are also allowed.
• Excluded - fruits rich in fiber, with thick rough crusts, chocolate and pastries.

Sauces and spices :

• Recommended - white sauce based on meat broth, vegetable broth; also milk, cream, sweet and sour sauces, field sauce. The flour for making them is baked.
• Excluded - hot and greasy sauces, spices.

Drinks :

• Recommended - teas with lemon, weak tea and coffee with milk; fruit and vegetable juices diluted with water; decoctions of rose hips and wheat bran;
• Excludes - cocoa.

Fat :

• Recommended - oil (and in dishes), up to 10 grams of refined vegetable oil in the dishes;
• Excluded - other fats.

APPROXIMATE MENU :

• First breakfast - semolina porridge made with milk and tea with lemon;
• Second breakfast - soft-boiled egg, rosehip decoction;
• Lunch - 1/2 portion of pureed vegetable soup with meat broth, steamed meatballs, 1/2 portion of rice porridge, mashed compote;
• Afternoon breakfast - baked apples;
• Dinner - boiled fish, 1/2 serving of mashed potatoes, diluted fruit juice.
• At night - a sour milk drink.