Author: Dean Rouseberg
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about different types of antioxidants. In this article we'll discuss different types of antioxidants.
Happy to be right here.
i am a health practitioner, focusing on lifestyle remedy the usage of food regimen and workout now not best prevent disorder, but to deal with and opposite it as well.
And all of it simply is going again to my grandma. You recognize, I assume the spark for many children to need to be a doctor after they grow up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, however for me became watching my grandma get better.She become identified with cease level heart disease.
Already had such a lot of skip surgical procedures, nothing more the docs could do. She was sent domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, one in every of our early lifestyle medicinal drug pioneers, and what happened next is simply certain in Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She became taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and although she turned into given her clinical loss of life sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful food regimen become capable of enjoy some other 31 years on earth to age 96, to continue to enjoy her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicine.That’s why I exercise the sort of medicine I do, way of life medicinal drug.
I simply need to do to your family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s fantastic. First question:how plenty fats and protein do we need every day?
What are the fine resources? And how a good deal have to athletes be eating?Well, you know, we don’t consume macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro nutrients.You want Paleo junk food, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fat loose junk food, we’ll come up with… I imply any sort of junk food you want as it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about something precise issue, right?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all this stuff, and that offers us this type of health halo, whilst in fact it should all be approximately food. And the motive human beings don’t speak about food is there’s no cash to be made within meals.In reality, produce is going bad;
Can’t sit on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to put an advert on tv for broccoli because, you realize, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re in no way going to look an advert on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s just no money to be made.
That’s no longer in which the income is. The machine is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest however maximum profitable conduct.And so, I imply, so that’s simply sort of falling into the meals enterprise’s trap to talk of kind of this reductionist view of nutrients rather than meals.
Like what’s the exceptional meals, right? So like are carbs excellent or awful for you?Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I mean so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you can’t speak approximately it.
That’s why the industry needs you to talk like that, but it definitely has to come all the way down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you realize what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fats in this United States.
People suppose like steak or something. No, the primary source of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the number one source of calcium, but yes, there’s protein within red meat, sure, there’s iron within beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I imply as plenty as Burger King says you could “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein but keep the saturated fats, hold the hormones, preserve the cholesterol.” I know, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal. So the component approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you realize, darkish inexperienced leafy veggies rather, then it’s like, well, the bags is truly a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from sort of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we think within phrases of meals. So in case you question me what are the high-quality ingredients that manifest to have fats in them, properly, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus in place of the luggage.In phrases of protein sources, each person who doesn’t understand how to get protein on a plant-based totally food regimen doesn’t understand beans, proper?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all sorts of matters.So complete plant foods are the healthiest way to get almost all of your vitamins, and that’s truely, I think, how we must think about those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question number two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam kind of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the science around that. Distilled water simply kind of appears a waste of strength to me.I imply it’s the identical thing with like, you recognize, kind of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a totally form of wasteful system. But you can dispose of some little trace minerals, but that’s now not actually the problem.I imply faucet water is usually the most inexpensive, most secure source of drinking water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t develop old and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride although?
It’s now not important, however from a public health point of view—rich humans can go to the dentist and have enough money all sorts of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their tooth—however from a public health scale, I imply that’s how you attain impoverished populations which may not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no big deal, visit the dentist, proper? But in the event that they have a dental hassle, they may lose their teeth, this means that losing plenty of their vitamins or being in chronic pain.And in reality from a public fitness perspective fluoridated water is—in truth, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public fitness improvements over the past century.
Gianna Question variety three: are there any pointers or unique hints for girls who choose to eat a plant-based weight-reduction plan whilst pregnant, and who also pick to elevate kids plant primarily based after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re eating for two it’s just that rather more essential to get all of the nutrition you need, and so it’s basically all the equal recommendation you’d provide to everybody ingesting a healthy food plan, eating a plant-based totally weight loss program.
Critically essential: vitamin B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made by using flowers.
One’s diet D, which is made by means of animals along with yourself whilst you stroll outside; it’s the light vitamin.And the other one’s diet B12.
Not made through plant life, no longer made with the aid of animals either; made by using little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you realize, we should get all of the B12 we wished consuming nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have numerous B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get loads of cholera both. It’s an awesome element that we live in a pleasing sanitary world, however because of that we want to get a ordinary reliable supply of B12.Critically crucial, particularly for pregnant girls, however for every person.
During being pregnant iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s essential, if you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our youngsters wholesome?I say sure, indeed, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, within the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the exceptional-promoting books ever, 2d only to the Bible possibly in this United States of America.
Where in his closing version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, endorsed all kids be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents were demise from and see this burgeoning childhood weight problems epidemic. So really we have to enhance our children inside the healthiest possible way.That way no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the home, and an entire meals, plant-based weight loss plan—absolutely fundamental, simple. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their legit position paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are suitable for all tiers of the way of life, such as being pregnant and infancy and on through vintage age.So really, we must all be raising healthful kids, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e book on elevating vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or two things approximately it. Gianna adequate, quantity four:please help provide an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both men and women need now not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All sorts of nuttiness out at the net.If you look at the science, even though, it’s in reality simply form of a extremely good clinical consensus within phrases of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal experiences, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary lines of mice have extraordinary results. When we eventually had human insights, so for example breast most cancers, you could see concerns at the internet approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize till 2004, the primary study that truely put it to the check and actually accompanied breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, simply to see who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that poll and within all of five reviews achieved thus far, every unmarried one located that ladies with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor superb or negative, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or now not—all continuously greater survival;placed them all collectively, greater survival, lower most cancers recurrence charge.
And so we’ve regarded that ingesting soy, in particular at some point of youth, can reduce the risk of getting breast most cancers in the first region, but now we realize it’s related to improved survival as nicely. So wait a 2nd.How is that feasible whilst it has estrogenic consequences?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s actually sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended story:alpha, beta—so essentially your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a different form of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the results of soy on the frame subjects at the ratio of those different receptors and unique organs of the frame.And so it absolutely has seasoned-estrogen effects wherein you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It definitely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for instance, in studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences wherein you need it, for instance inside the breast, reducing breast cancer danger and improving breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate time period for essentially the excellent of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic effect, reduces breast cancer danger. And so that you don’t have to eat it;all of the legumes are healthful, and i inspire people to devour entire soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a terrific preference. Tempeh, miso, those are all whole soy foods, as well as some of the extra processed stuff.And so that you appearance inside the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given heaps of movies about it. So yeah, you just don’t believe the craziness you study on the internet.Gianna And just for the adult males available which can be involved that they could develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But by immoderate soy—they have been actually drinking gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I neglect… I assume a few human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that stage you may honestly get enough alpha receptor interest to genuinely have seasoned-estrogenic results. So the response isn't always to keep away from soy, but no longer drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it might be healthful. So soy intake within guys is related to lower prostate most cancers risk, which is the number one cancer killer particular to men.Gianna good enough, question wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory diet, no marvel, can be one of the great nutritional treatments for inflammatory illnesses in general, along with vehicle-immune disease.So as an instance, multiple sclerosis, that is an auto-immune disorder wherein your frame attacks your very own nerves, the single nice recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, something, no capsules—have ever beaten out a plant-based totally eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS eating regimen, so the simplest. So it’s now not simply more secure, less expensive.No, the only remedy ever published in the peer reviewed scientific scientific literature, a plant-based totally diet.
Chron’s disease, same element. A statistic out of Japan the usage of a plant-based totally weight loss plan, some of the excellent relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an car-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking approximately objective measures together with grip energy and inflammatory markers inside the blood movement or simply in phrases of fine of lifestyles for humans suffering from these sicknesses. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have lots of excellent facts for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 research observed that folks that eat strictly plant-based totally diets have the best shares of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, that means everyday thyroid function, and so it is able to prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s in no way been any study that simply put plant-primarily based diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speaking about something like iodine deficiency. There’s different styles of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have stats for, however it would make feel if it really works for a lot of these different auto-immune sicknesses, it works for those other inflammatory diseases, an anti inflammatory weight loss plan could have this impact.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could think fiber?We suppose like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply kind of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our exact intestine micro organism can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to suppose that was just gut health, however now we realize that our microbiome, our pleasant flowers down in our colon truely can have outcomes on our immune gadget, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, which is fiber and resistant starch determined within abundance in most effective one region: whole plant ingredients, and some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory results.They’re spoil down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated at some stage in your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on nutrients and dietary supplements, vegan based totally, both taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, really vitamin B12 is significantly crucial for every person consuming a healthful weight-reduction plan, so I’d advocate 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive supply.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, but seriously crucial from a ordinary dependable source.If you’re no longer getting sufficient solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned sufficient and younger sufficient and thin sufficient and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the nutrition D you want.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's far if you’re stuck at a table activity all day, not getting outdoor, wherein case you’d need to complement your diet with nutrition D, the light diet. I suggest 2,000 international devices of vitamin D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer treatment, going back to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It became considering the fact that—thrilling—sort of debunked by Mayo Clinic, in which they gave people a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the sort of astounding effects that had been initially seen, however they were the use of oral diet C.We used to suppose, well, oral diet C is the same as intravenous diet C, however no, our body without a doubt clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t be counted both way, you’ll absorb it all. But once your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is ready five servings of end result and vegetables worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your body begins clamping down on absorption, so they simply weren’t exposed to the same quantity.And so i have a whole series of videos on intravenous diet C for cancer in case you’re interested in that;
I inspire human beings to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—should we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is blending uncooked kale in a smoothie powerful enough, and is it bad for the thyroid to devour them uncooked? Oh, my God.We should consume cruciferous vegetables in whichever manner receives us to eat the maximum of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to eat the maximum.In truth cruciferous vegetables are one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk approximately all the ingredients I inspire humans to get and match into their daily ordinary.So, , vegetables every day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You know, the best beverage, the exceptional sweeteners, how much exercise to get—simply to type of inspire human beings to try to match some of the healthies of wholesome ingredients into the weight-reduction plan.And one of these boxes I encourage people to tick off every day, you’re now not going to match—you’re now not going to check off the day except you get some shape of cruciferous veggies, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, some of these top notch greens. And so essentially however you get them on your food plan, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a great cross-to manner to get veggies on your breakfast.
And I type of damage some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to test the ones off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, positioned them anywhere;so long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most important issue.
Now you could overdo, I mean you can overdo uncooked cruciferous veggies that have this so called goitrogenic compounds that are found within lots of healthy ingredients, now not handiest broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of other healthy matters. But the reply isn't to keep away from these honestly wholesome meals;it’s simply to get enough iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just intervene with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re virtually marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting quite a few broccoli and cruciferous can simply affect your ranges. So the answer, you just ensure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then much like darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the extra ways you may get them into your food regimen, the higher.There was this famous case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I neglect, it changed into like actually lots of pounds of raw bok choy, she turned into on some loopy weight loss plan, and in fact did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 pounds… adequate, but… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage humans, right. And look, we’re talking approximately foods with medicinal effects.I suggest we have to assume like if you could eat as much—I mean if there’s an infinite amount of some thing that you may be uncovered to, likely doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the fact that, look, no, a number of those ingredients may have effective effects on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a certain stage that you need to stay through, but luckily they’re all easily through any type of usual culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, a part of the cause that humans soak or sprout nuts is to put off the phytates.So there was this thought, based totally on reports on dogs again inside the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you can put off the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to dispose of the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and other crucial minerals. But we now realize now not only is that not the case, however phytates are simply healthful for you, without a doubt beneficial consequences of phytates, so we ought to certainly attempt to get as an awful lot phytates in our weight loss plan as viable, and the manner we do that is through ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to consume uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The purpose we’d as an alternative now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which can be these glycotoxins associated with extended threat of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and elevated ageing and every type of actually awful things. And it’s formed when high fat, high protein meals are uncovered to extraordinarily high warmth, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled bird, that sort of element—extremely high.
So if you have a look at it, while plant meals have nearly not anything no matter what you do—I mean you could grill a bell pepper and you’re not going to produce a trouble, but there are rare plant foods that are excessive within protein effects, including nuts, along with soy. So we need to genuinely, preferably have to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an amazing idea on a everyday foundation due to those ages.So that’s why we absolutely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, actually whole nuts are better because you absolutely bite down to little debris—irrespective of how nicely you chew, you typically simplest fracture down to approximately 2 mm, that is one thousand instances large than the debris found within nut butters.And the cause that’s important is due to the fact the ones mobile partitions and those little cubes, which incorporate loads of heaps of intact partitions, without a doubt guard all the nutrients inside from absorption on your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut plant life.
So whilst we consume just acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the vitamins; they didn’t take away the fiber, but all the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small gut, leaving little or no for our intestine flora at the give up.
Whereas in case you devour complete intact grains or entire beans, then there may be simply those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our properly micro organism, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get first-rate resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy trace mineral dealer speak. Somebody must observe crop nutrient decline over the past half of century, maybe 15%.So people looking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just due to the fact they’re looking to promote you something.
We can definitely examine the data; the USDA tracks nutrients within the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, good enough, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli as opposed to a 1/2 century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For people who say everyone’s exceptional, so we all require one of a kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does an entire meals, plant-primarily based food regimen assist us live longer, more healthy lives, absolutely everyone? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla eating regimen and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy weight loss plan.
No, there’s a weight loss program that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our closing notable ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow amazing apes ate, which is basically veggies and fruit. We were a plant-based totally diet, almost completely plant-based food regimen, and handiest within the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we start knowing the way to make gear and looking, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to consuming whole meals, plant primarily based—so no marvel that the identical kind of weight loss plan that reverses heart sickness, the primary killer of men and women, is the equal food plan that also reverses diabetes, and the equal food plan that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes sense due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory eating regimen is a food regimen that facilitates your arteries everywhere during your frame.I mean, appearance, if that’s all a plant-primarily based weight loss program ought to do, reverse the primary killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default diet till verified in any other case?
In reality that it could also prevent or reverse other main killers could appear to make the case for plant-primarily based ingesting surely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing resources with them.
So now and again it’s difficult; human beings put up their defenses whilst someone tries—whilst anybody involves us with some new concept that conflicts with what we trust, there’s simply this kind of natural reaction to kind of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-celebration sources:
“Here’s a exceptional documentary, here’s a awesome website, here’s a high-quality book,” and then they could type of take it in on themselves, after which form of the inducement comes from within in place of feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one in every of my favored ways.And percentage outstanding meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I stay that lengthy or simply sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s absolutely the best of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes first-rate and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?