Diseases That Arise From Improper Nutrition

According to the results of a study by the Lancet medical journal, every fifth death on planet Earth is caused by poor nutrition . And more precisely , diseases that arise from improper nutrition . The main culprits are diseases of the cardiovascular system, type II diabetes and cancer. 

The study was conducted in 195 countries based on data from 1997 to 2017 and showed that an average of 10 million people die each year due to diseases that could be avoided through a rational diet and a healthy lifestyle (while due to smoking - 8 million).

What are we doing wrong?

• The recommended daily rate of fruit is 200-300 g. In fact, many people barely fulfill its third part, which is 94 g. And this, by the way, is often not even a whole apple.

• It is necessary to consume 100-150 g of whole grain products per day. Real figures show that consumption levels rarely reach 30 g/day. Instead of 3-5 slices of whole grain bread, one eats either less than 1, or it is simply replaced with bread made from higher grade flour, which is not equivalent in benefits.

• You shouldn't eat more than 3g of salt per day, while most people exceed the minimum by double that.

• It is recommended to consume 26-25 g of nuts and seeds per day. In fact, real consumption figures do not always reach even half a walnut (and this is only 3 g).

• The norm of vegetable consumption is 290-430 g/day - about 5-7 medium-sized carrots. In fact, people do not eat 190 g - 3 small carrots.

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• And in addition to this - a large amount of fatty and high-calorie food, fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, cakes, regular unhealthy snacks in a hurry and overeating in the evening.

Adiposity

It occurs due to improper nutrition , features of the nervous system, hormonal disorders, sedentary lifestyle. Also, there is a hereditary factor.

In 30% obesity is associated with metabolic disorders or disorders of the endocrine system, in 70% - due to systematic overeating.

A violation of body weight is called obesity when the weight exceeds the norm by more than 15-20% and is also characterized by a violation of fat metabolism.

• Overeating

• Excessive consumption of carbohydrates.

• (flour and pasta products, sweets).

• Low level of physical activity.

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Some diseases of the nervous system (damage to the area of ​​the brain responsible for eating behavior).

• Diseases of the endocrine glands (pituitary tumors, hypothyroidism - a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones, hypogonadism - a decrease in the level of sex hormones).

• Taking certain medications (for example, hormones and antidepressants).

• Diabetes.

• Increased blood pressure.

• Heart disease .

• Violation of the function of the gonads: impaired potency, decreased sexual desire, development of infertility.

• Dysfunction of the knee and hip joints: osteoarthritis.

• Shortness of breath is a feeling of lack of air.

• Depression.

• For individuals with a hereditary predisposition, but normal body weight, a normocaloric balanced diet is recommended. At the same time, the caloric value is calculated as the multiplication of weight (kg) by 33.

• Low-calorie diet (for the prevention of obesity in overweight people): restriction of fatty and fried foods, flour products; increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruits.

• Frequent meals in small portions at specified times.

• Correct distribution of food calories during the day: the maximum calories are at lunch, dinner should be light (a glass of kefir and an apple, muesli with milk or juice, etc.).

• Excluding the consumption of alcoholic beverages: they are high-calorie and activate the formation of digestive enzymes, increase the feeling of hunger.

• Regular exercise classes: at least 3 times a week (swimming, running, long walks).

Diabetes

It occurs due to overeating, obesity, improper nutrition and genetic predisposition. It is also possible for diseases of the endocrine system: pathology of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex.

It can occur on the basis of complications from viral diseases (influenza, herpes, viral hepatitis), pancreatitis, tumors of the pancreas.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease , the basis of which is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, the main place of which belongs to sugars. Sugar cannot enter the cells of the body on its own. In this, he is helped by a complex chemical compound - insulin, produced by a small pancreas. Diseasedevelops when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to absorb sugars. Therefore, all nutrients entering the body are converted into sugar. There are two types of diabetes: insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent. It is the insulin-dependent form of diabetes that affects children aged 13 to 19 and is characterized by the fact that the pancreas stops producing insulin. Another form of diabetes threatens adults and is characterized by a decrease in the activity of the pancreas to produce insulin. This form of the disease is treated with hypoglycemic drugs in the form of tablets.

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Viral infections (meningoviruses, mumps and rubella viruses) that provoke the development of diabetes.

• Medicines, components of some products (N-nitroso compounds in smoked meats, albumin in cow's milk, etc.) and other chemical compounds that cause damage to pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

• Autoimmune factors, when the body's own antibodies begin to destroy pancreatic cells.

• Stress.

• Early identification of children at risk of developing diabetes and systematic monitoring of them.

• Prevention of viral infections (vaccination, increasing immunity).

• Rational proper nutrition, in infants - natural feeding up to 1-1.5 years, you can't consume cow's milk for babies.

• Development of resistance to stress.

• Sugar level control throughout the day.

• Adherence to the diet.

• Adequate physical activity.

Ulcer and gastritis

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. Mostly, schoolchildren and students suffer from improper nutrition . Complaints may include stomach pain, nausea, a feeling of fullness in the stomach during and after eating, belching, constipation and diarrhea. Over time, gastritis can turn into an ulcer . And peptic ulcer, in turn, lead to stomach cancer.

For treatment, first of all, you need to start eating properly and on time, follow a diet.

Gastritis

• Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

• Improper (deficiency of protein, iron and vitamins) and irregular nutrition.

• Long-term and uncontrolled consumption of drugs that have an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach.

• Stress.

• Smoking.

• Excessive alcohol consumption.

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Development of ulcer disease.

• Occurrence of stomach cancer.

• Gastric bleeding.

• Rational and balanced nutrition.

• Consumption of foods with a high fiber content (vegetables, fruits, greens).

• Rejection of canned, fried, too hot and spicy foods.

• Refusal of snacks on the go.

• Rejection of dry food.

• Small food consumption (eat 5-6 times a day in small portions).

• Refusal of smoking and alcohol.

• Food hygiene (washing hands before eating, using individual dishes) to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Observation by a gastroenterologist (in particular, persons suffering from a chronic form of gastritis).

Ulcer disease

• Infection with the microorganism Helicobacter pylori (it is considered the main reason for the development of inflammation of the stomach and, if prolonged, can lead to peptic ulcer disease).

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Increased acidity of gastric juice, which, entering the digestive tract, irritates the walls of the digestive organs.

• Consumption of dry food, consumption of semi-finished products, carbonated drinks, spices and seasonings, smoked, fried, salty, spicy, too hot and cold food.

• Eating food in a hurry, poor chewing of food.

• Food allergy.

• Dysbacteriosis.

• Stress, overload ("stress" ulcers).

• Complex burns, injuries, blood loss ("shock" ulcers). Consumption of certain medicines (hormonal, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, etc.).

• Excessive alcohol consumption.

• Perforation of the ulcer (rupture of the organ wall in the area of ​​the ulcer defect).

• Bleeding from the affected organ.

• Occurrence of peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal cavity).

• Penetration (spread of the inflammatory process).

• The formation of tumors in the affected organs.

• Rational and balanced nutrition.

• Consumption of foods with a high fiber content (vegetables, fruits, greens).

• Rejection of canned, fried, too hot and spicy foods.

• Refusal of snacks on the go.

• Rejection of dry food.

• Small food consumption (eat 5-6 times a day in small portions).

• Refusal of smoking and alcohol.

• Food hygiene (washing hands before eating, using individual dishes) to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Timely treatment of diseases, complications of which lead to peptic ulcer disease (gastritis, inflammation, etc.).

Cardiovascular diseases

They arise as a result of improper lifestyle and improper nutrition . Clogging of the arteries occurs gradually. Their walls are thickened and fats, cholesterol accumulate there, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases develop . Atherosclerosis reduces blood supply to the heart, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients.

Contributes to the development of heart diseases , as well as smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, stress, diabetes, hypertension, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Hypertension

Hypertension is high blood pressure. Each person has a certain blood pressure in the vessels. Narrowing or compression of the arteries leads to an increase in blood pressure. In general, it can fluctuate during the day. For example, to increase when a person is worried, nervous or engaged in heavy physical activity. Blood pressure decreases during sleep, in a state of relaxation and rest. A person's age also affects blood pressure. So, for example, a 6-year-old child's blood pressure is 150/60, at the age of 11-18 - 100/75, in an adult it is in the range from 100/60 to 140/85, and by old age it rises to 160/ 90.

Hypertensive disease develops when blood pressure does not decrease, even during sleep and during rest, sharp jumps in blood pressure occur, which are called hypertensive crises, which are severe in a sick person.

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Smoking.

• Age (over 50-55 years old).

• Adiposity.

• Sedentary lifestyle.

• Excessive consumption of table salt.

• Diabetes.

• Stress.

• Kidney disease.

• Consumption of certain medicines.

• Hypertensive crisis (a sharp jump in blood pressure that requires immediate help).

• Kidney failure.

• Heart failure.

• Vascular thrombosis.

• A stroke.

• Myocardial hypertrophy (hardening of the heart wall).

• Myocardial infarction.

• Eye damage characterized by a progressive decrease in visual acuity.

• Rational and balanced nutrition.

• Eating foods with a reduced salt content.

• Quit smoking.

• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption.

• Moderate physical activity (at least 30 minutes a day).

• Decrease in body weight.

• Timely treatment of diseases that cause an increase in blood pressure.

• Exclusion of intense psycho-emotional stress (stress, conflicts, etc.).

Angina

This is a heart disease that occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become clogged with fatty substances and the circulation of blood to the heart chambers, as a result, is inhibited. When there is a blockage (completely or partially) of one of the vessels, the blood supply to this area of ​​the heart is disrupted, which leads to damage to the heart muscle. This is a heart attack or angina pectoris. Reducing the consumption of fats, regulating the diet, you can prevent the risk of the disease .

• Insufficiency of blood supply.

• Atherosclerosis.

• Overweight and obesity.

• Sedentary lifestyle.

• Smoking.

• Stress

• Age (over 50-55 years old).

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Acute myocardial infarction.

• Violation of heart rhythm.

• Cardiac arrest.

• Chronic heart failure.

• Refusal of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

• Elimination of stress.

• Maintaining optimal body weight.

• Physical education classes.

• Blood pressure control.

• Healthy Eating.

Atherosclerosis

Another vascular disease is also related to nutrition. The disease accompanies the two diseases described above , or can occur without them. For example, high blood pressure contributes to the fact that some part of circulating fat formations (lipids) is deposited in the walls of arteries with great speed. These atherosclerotic plaques accumulate on the vessel walls. Animal fats lead to the formation of these plaques, so it is very important to know which products are a threat to the occurrence of such a disease and are harmful to the body.

• Sedentary lifestyle.

• Abuse of fatty, cholesterol-rich food.

• Frequent stress.

• Alcohol abuse.

• Smoking.

• Hypertension.

• Diabetes.

• Adiposity.

• Age (over 45 years old).

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Normalization of body weight.

• Adherence to a diet with a reduced content of fats and table salt.

• Enrichment of the diet with vitamins and fiber.

• Refusal of smoking and alcohol consumption.

• Adequate level of physical activity.

• Limitation of emotional overload.

• Control and maintenance of cholesterol levels.

• Normal blood glucose levels.

• Normal blood pressure.

Kidney failure

It occurs due to metabolic disorders, improper nutrition , diabetes, chronic or congenital kidney diseases, vascular diseases, chronic pyelonephritis, congenital anomaly of kidney development.

Treatment is a low-protein, sodium-restricted diet. Boiled meat and fish are used, dishes are prepared without salt, the amount of fruit and vegetable juices increases.

• Heart failure.

• Arrhythmia.

• Diarrhea.

• Dehydration

• Blood loss.

• Extensive burns.

• Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity).

• A decrease in blood pressure that occurs with bacteriological or anaphylactic shock.

• Atherosclerosis.

• Toxic effect on the kidneys of poisons (fertilizers, poisonous mushrooms, copper salts, cadmium, uranium, rue).

• Consumption of certain medications.

• Urinary stone disease.

• Cancer.

• Violation of water-salt exchange.

• Blood changes.

• Weakening of immunity.

• Neuralgic disorders.

• Complications of the cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc.

• Violation of the activity of the digestive tract.

• Adherence to a clear scheme of taking medicines.

• Exclusion of products poisonous to the kidneys (alcohol, narcotic substances, products contaminated with chemical fertilizers, exhaust gases, heavy metals).

• Timely treatment of infectious and inflammatory, chronic diseases of the genitourinary system.

• Timely treatment of chronic, systemic diseases (diabetes, lupus, etc.).

Anorexia and dystrophy

Anorexia is a lack of appetite, observed mainly in girls and young women. The disease is the result of nervous breakdowns and mental disorders against the background of very strict diets. Sometimes, with a complete lack of food, there is a threat to life.

Dystrophy is a consequence of prolonged malnutrition. At the same time, the general state of the body is disturbed and cannot return to normal for a long time.

Anorexia

• Violation of adequate perception of one's body weight.

• An imposed stereotype about the "ideal figure".

• Serious chronic diseases (for example, tuberculosis, tumors).

• Depression, mental illness.

• Tumor of the hypothalamus (the area of ​​the brain responsible for hunger and satiety).

• Chronic diseases: cardiac arrhythmias, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis — inflammation of the pancreas, hypothyroidism — a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones, osteoporosis.

• Disruption of metabolic processes: hypovitaminosis, decrease in the level of protein, hormones.

• Cachexia is the extreme limit of exhaustion, the absence of subcutaneous fat.

• Protein-free edemas — develop when the level of protein in the blood decreases.

• Decreased immunity, development of infectious processes (in severe cases - blood infection).

• Infertility

• High risk of death.

• People who have already had episodes of anorexia — periodic examinations and consultations with a therapist, gastroenterologist, psychiatrist, neurologist, endocrinologist — depending on the cause.

• Consultations with a psychotherapist.

• Rational and balanced nutrition (fruits, vegetables, vitamins).

• Maintaining a comfortable psychological environment.

• Exclusion of irrational diets.

• Rejection of bad habits.

Dystrophy

• Pathologies of fetal development during pregnancy.

• Insufficient amount of milk in the mother, difficulty in sucking, insufficient amount of milk formula, age-inappropriate milk formula.

• Malnutrition.

• Violation of child care rules.

• Defects in the development of the digestive system.

• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Tumors

• Stomach and intestinal polyps.

• Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach).

• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).

• Cholecystitis (bladder inflammation).

• Urinary stone disease, etc.

• Delay in physical and mental development.

• Decreased immunity.

• Occurrence of infectious diseases.

• Rational and balanced nutrition during pregnancy and after childbirth.

• Consumption of foods with a high fiber content (vegetables, fruits, greens).

• Rejection of too hot, fried and canned food.

• Limitation of intense psycho-emotional and physical stress.

• Avoiding alcohol and smoking.

• Detection and treatment of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Breast feeding.

• The right choice of milk mixture.

• Correct introduction of baby food.

• Strengthening immunity.

bulimia

It occurs due to improper nutrition , increased appetite caused by nervous breakdowns. Therefore, it belongs to diseases of the central nervous and endocrine systems.

It is manifested by sharp attacks, accompanied by a feeling of strong hunger, pain in the epigastric region, general weakness.

• Stress.

• Low self-esteem.

• An imbalance of chemicals and hormones in the brain.

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Weight gain.

• Abdominal pain, bloating.

• Swelling of hands and feet.

• Chronic pain in the throat, hoarseness of the voice.

• Rupture of blood vessels in the eyes.

• Swelling of cheeks and salivary glands.

• Weakness and dizziness.

• Caries and mouth ulcers.

• Heartburn or ulcer.

• Rupture of the stomach or esophagus.

• Digestive disorders.

• A favorable psychological environment.

• Rational and healthy food.

Cancer

Cancer is a serious disease that occurs when the formation of normal cells stops and the malignant growth of defective, atypical cells occurs instead. There are many forms of this disease . Research in recent decades has shown that there is a significant relationship between disease and nutrition. An increased amount of fats and a reduced amount of vegetable fiber in food can contribute to an increase in the incidence of cancer. In particular, the large intestine. Also, cancer can become a complication of some diseases of the digestive tract caused by improper nutrition (for example, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease).