Author: Nia Rouseberg
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about eating food past use by date. In this article we'll discuss eating food past use by date.
Happy to be right here.
i am a physician, specializing in way of life remedy using eating regimen and exercising no longer most effective prevent sickness, but to deal with and opposite it as well.
And all of it without a doubt is going lower back to my grandma. You recognise, I suppose the spark for plenty kids to want to be a physician after they grow up is watching a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, but for me changed into looking my grandma get better.She changed into diagnosed with end level coronary heart disorder.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgeries, not anything extra the docs may want to do. She become sent home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early lifestyle medication pioneers, and what took place next is simply targeted in Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She became strolling 10 miles a day, and though she become given her clinical death sentence at age 65, way to a healthful food plan was capable of revel in any other 31 years on the planet to age 96, to hold to revel in her six grandkids inclusive of me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I practice the form of medicine I do, lifestyle medicinal drug.
I just want to do to your own family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s high-quality. First query:how much fat and protein do we need daily?
What are the exceptional assets? And how a whole lot should athletes be eating?Well, you know, we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t eat micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll come up with vegan junk food, we’ll provide you with fats free junk meals, we’ll come up with… I suggest any form of junk meals you want because it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all approximately some thing particular element, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all these things, and that gives us this sort of fitness halo, whilst within fact it should all be about food. And the cause humans don’t speak approximately meals is there’s no money to be made within meals.In fact, deliver is going bad;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't going to place an ad on tv for broccoli because, you realize, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re in no way going to see an advert on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not wherein the profit is. The device is set up to reward just the unhealthiest but most worthwhile behavior.And so, I suggest, in order that’s simply kind of falling into the meals industry’s entice to talk of sort of this reductionist view of vitamins in place of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I imply so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise wants you to speak like that, however it surely has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you recognize what else is within dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats on this country.
People suppose like steak or something. No, the primary source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one supply of calcium, however yes, there’s protein within beef, yes, there’s iron in red meat, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I imply as tons as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein but keep the saturated fat, hold the hormones, preserve the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a package— food is a package deal. So the thing about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you realize, dark green leafy veggies instead, then it’s like, well, the bags is honestly a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we think in terms of food. So if you question me what are the first-class meals that manifest to have fats within them, nicely, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you just get the bonus as opposed to the luggage.In terms of protein assets, everybody who doesn’t realize the way to get protein on a plant-based totally food regimen doesn’t realize beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant state. And then also some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all varieties of things.So complete plant ingredients are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s really, I assume, how we ought to reflect onconsideration on those macro nutrients.
Gianna Question variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off form of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of strength to me.I mean it’s the equal element with like, you realize, type of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally type of wasteful method. But you may dispose of some little trace minerals, however that’s not simply the difficulty.I mean faucet water is generally the most inexpensive, most secure supply of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t grow antique and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride although?
It’s no longer vital, however from a public health standpoint—wealthy humans can visit the dentist and have enough money all forms of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—however from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s how you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no big deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental hassle, they could lose their teeth, which means that dropping a whole lot of their nutrition or being in chronic ache.And simply from a public health standpoint fluoridated water is—within fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question number three: are there any suggestions or unique suggestions for girls who pick out to devour a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan at the same time as pregnant, and who also choose to raise kids plant based after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re ingesting for two it’s simply that much more essential to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all of the equal recommendation you’d supply to everyone consuming a wholesome food plan, eating a plant-primarily based eating regimen.
Critically crucial: diet B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by flowers.
One’s vitamin D, that is made through animals consisting of yourself while you walk outdoor; it’s the light nutrition.And the opposite one’s vitamin B12.
Not made by plant life, not made by animals either; made by little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we should get all the B12 we wished consuming properly water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a number of B12 within our water any extra.
Don’t get a lot of cholera either. It’s a terrific issue that we live in a pleasant sanitary international, however due to that we need to get a regular reliable source of B12.Critically essential, especially for pregnant ladies, but for every body.
During being pregnant iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s essential, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we increase our youngsters healthful?I say yes, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, inside the 7th edition of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the quality-selling books ever, 2d most effective to the Bible perhaps on this United States.
Where within his remaining version he wrote, in his 90s earlier than he died, advocated all children be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he should see what the grandparents had been dying from and notice this burgeoning adolescence weight problems epidemic. So actually we must improve our kids in the healthiest possible way.That way not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and a whole food, plant-primarily based eating regimen—certainly fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their authentic role paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are suitable for all levels of the life-style, which include being pregnant and infancy and on through vintage age.So definitely, we should all be raising healthy kids, and in fact, Scott Stoll is currently writing a book on raising vegan youngsters;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or two matters approximately it. Gianna good enough, wide variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why both men and women want not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All sorts of nuttiness out at the net.If you study the technological know-how, though, it’s definitely just kind of a super clinical consensus within phrases of human beings.
I suggest, the laboratory animal reports, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or different strains of mice have distinctive outcomes. When we subsequently had human stats, so for instance breast cancer, you can see issues at the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise till 2004, the primary poll that really placed it to the check and in fact accompanied breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that poll and within all of five studies accomplished thus far, each single one determined that women with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor fine or poor, whether or not they were on Tamoxifen or no longer—all always more survival;put all of them collectively, extra survival, decrease cancer recurrence rate.
And so we’ve recognized that consuming soy, especially at some stage in formative years, can reduce the threat of having breast most cancers in the first vicinity, but now we are aware of it’s associated with advanced survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that viable when it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s surely two types of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long tale:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced via your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a exceptional form of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy at the frame topics at the ratio of these unique receptors and exclusive organs of the frame.And so it truly has seasoned-estrogen results in which you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It truly reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, for instance, within studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes in which you want it, for example inside the breast, decreasing breast most cancers danger and enhancing breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for basically the nice of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer chance. And so you don’t have to devour it;all of the legumes are wholesome, and that i inspire human beings to devour entire soy assets like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a super preference. Tempeh, miso, those are all whole soy foods, as well as some of the more processed stuff.And so you look inside the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve were given tons of movies about it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And only for the men out there which are involved that they could develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But by using excessive soy—they had been literally ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget… I assume some human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that level you can genuinely get sufficient alpha receptor pastime to without a doubt have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the option is not to keep away from soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it might be healthy. So soy consumption in men is associated with decrease prostate most cancers chance, which is the primary cancer killer unique to guys.Gianna adequate, query quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti inflammatory eating regimen, no marvel, can be one of the quality dietary remedies for inflammatory diseases within standard, which include car-immune disorder.So as an example, multiple sclerosis, that's an car-immune sickness where your body assaults your own nerves, the unmarried pleasant recorded intervention—medical, surgical, anything, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-primarily based diet:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss program, so the only. So it’s not just safer, cheaper.No, the most effective treatment ever posted inside the peer reviewed clinical medical literature, a plant-primarily based diet.
Chron’s disorder, same component. A poll out of Japan using a plant-primarily based weight loss plan, some of the best relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme approximately objective measures together with grip energy and inflammatory markers inside the blood circulate or simply within phrases of exceptional of life for people tormented by those diseases. Auto-immune disease, we just don’t have numerous proper facts for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 statistic located that individuals who devour strictly plant-based totally diets have the highest rates of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, which means everyday thyroid function, and so it could prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s in no way been any research that simply positioned plant-primarily based diets to the test within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speakme about something like iodine deficiency. There’s different forms of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have data for, however it might make sense if it works for these kinds of other vehicle-immune sicknesses, it works for these other inflammatory sicknesses, an anti inflammatory eating regimen would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory strength is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel health or something.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our properly gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our gut. And we used to think that changed into simply gut fitness, but now we realize that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down in our colon actually will have effects on our immune device, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch discovered within abundance in most effective one location: whole plant ingredients, and a number of those compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re break down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated all through your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, simply nutrition B12 is seriously vital for everyone ingesting a healthy weight loss program, so I’d advocate 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive source.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, but severely important from a regular reliable source.If you’re not getting sufficient solar… Now, in case you’re mild skinned sufficient and young sufficient and skinny sufficient and live at a latitude that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the vitamin D you want.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it is if you’re caught at a desk task all day, now not getting outside, wherein case you’d want to supplement your eating regimen with nutrition D, the sunshine vitamin. I advise 2,000 global units of vitamin D3 a day.So, I imply intravenous diet C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going back to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It was due to the fact—interesting—sort of debunked by Mayo Clinic, in which they gave humans an entire bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the kind of miraculous outcomes that were at first seen, however they have been the usage of oral nutrition C.We used to think, nicely, oral nutrition C is the same as intravenous diet C, however no, our body honestly clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t matter both manner, you’ll soak up it all. But as soon as your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is about five servings of fruits and greens worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a touch an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, so they in reality weren’t exposed to the identical quantity.And so i have a whole series of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for most cancers if you’re interested by that;
I encourage human beings to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—need to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it awful for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We ought to devour cruciferous veggies within whichever manner receives us to eat the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to devour the most.In truth cruciferous greens are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all the ingredients I inspire people to get and in shape into their day by day recurring.So, you already know, vegetables each day are the healthies vegetables, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You understand, the high-quality beverage, the high-quality sweeteners, how a great deal exercise to get—simply to sort of encourage humans to try to fit a number of the healthies of healthful foods into the weight loss plan.And one of these boxes I encourage humans to tick off every day, you’re now not going to suit—you’re not going to check off the day until you get a few shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a half of cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, these kinds of wonderful vegetables. And so basically however you get them to your food regimen, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a incredible go-to manner to get vegetables in your breakfast.
And I form of spoil some white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to check the ones off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum crucial element.
Now you could overdo, I suggest you may overdo uncooked cruciferous greens that have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which might be determined within masses of healthful foods, now not handiest broccoli, but also flaxseeds and a number of other healthful things. But the answer is not to keep away from those certainly wholesome meals;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds simply intervene with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re without a doubt marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then consuming a variety of broccoli and cruciferous can surely have an effect on your ranges. So the reply, you simply make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which similar to darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the greater ways you could get them into your weight loss program, the higher.There became this famous case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a female who—I forget about, it was like literally hundreds of kilos of raw bok choy, she become on some loopy eating regimen, and actually did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 kilos… ok, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I inspire human beings, right. And look, we’re talking about foods with medicinal consequences.I mean we ought to expect like if you could devour as plenty—I mean if there’s an infinite quantity of some thing that you can be exposed to, in all likelihood doesn’t have lots “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, look, no, a number of those foods could have powerful outcomes on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a positive degree which you want to live through, however thankfully they’re all without problems within any kind of traditional culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, a part of the reason that humans soak or sprout nuts is to do away with the phytates.So there has been this concept, based on stories on puppies again inside the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you can do away with the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to do away with the phytates, and then you’d maximize your calcium absorption and different essential minerals. But we now recognise now not handiest is that no longer the case, however phytates are absolutely healthful for you, really beneficial outcomes of phytates, so we have to certainly try to get as an awful lot phytates within our weight loss program as viable, and the way we do this is via eating our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage human beings to consume raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d instead not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which might be those glycotoxins related to improved chance of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and extended getting old and all kinds of actually bad matters. And it’s shaped whilst excessive fats, excessive protein meals are exposed to extraordinarily high heat, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed hot dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that form of issue—extremely excessive.
So if you study it, whereas plant foods have nearly nothing regardless of what you do—I imply you can grill a bell pepper and you’re no longer going to offer a hassle, however there are rare plant foods which might be high in protein effects, which includes nuts, which includes soy. So we should genuinely, ideally should not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an amazing concept on a regular foundation because of those ages.So that’s why we definitely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, absolutely entire nuts are better because you absolutely chew all the way down to little particles—irrespective of how well you bite, you commonly best fracture right down to about 2 mm, which is a thousand instances larger than the debris found within nut butters.And the reason that’s essential is because the ones cellular walls and those little cubes, which include masses of thousands of intact walls, genuinely defend all of the vitamins internal from absorption to your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So whilst we consume just acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we consume 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t cast off the fiber, however all of the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed in the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine flora on the quit.
Whereas if you eat complete intact grains or entire beans, then there is clearly these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our correct bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein can we get extraordinary sources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral seller talk. Somebody should observe crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, perhaps 15%.So people looking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just due to the fact they’re seeking to promote you some thing.
We can simply take a look at the information; the USDA tracks nutrients within the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you need to consume six florets of broccoli in preference to a 1/2 century ago. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For those who say every body’s different, so all of us require distinct diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does an entire food, plant-primarily based weight loss program help us stay longer, more healthy lives, every body? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur weight loss plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy eating regimen.
No, there’s a food regimen that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We advanced for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our remaining incredible ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow first rate apes ate, which is largely greens and fruit. We had been a plant-primarily based food plan, nearly completely plant-based totally weight loss plan, and best in the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we start knowing how to make equipment and searching, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting entire food, plant primarily based—so no marvel that the same form of diet that reverses coronary heart sickness, the number one killer of ladies and men, is the identical diet that still reverses diabetes, and the same weight loss plan that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes sense due to the fact, appearance, the anti inflammatory food regimen is a eating regimen that facilitates your arteries anywhere during your frame.I suggest, look, if that’s all a plant-based food plan could do, reverse the primary killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default food plan till tested otherwise?
In truth that it can additionally prevent or reverse different leading killers could seem to make the case for plant-based totally ingesting without a doubt overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing sources with them.
So every now and then it’s tough; people positioned up their defenses when someone attempts—whilst all people comes to us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we believe, there’s simply this type of natural reaction to kind of want to maintain on.That’s why sharing kind of 1/3-party assets:
“Here’s a high-quality documentary, right here’s a terrific internet site, right here’s a exceptional book,” and then they can sort of take it in on themselves, and then sort of the inducement comes from within in place of feeling someone’s attempting to tell them to do something. So that’s one in all my favored approaches.And share exquisite food!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I stay that long or simply feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s truly the exceptional of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes tremendous and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-primarily based ingesting is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?