Author: Dean Rouseberg
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about high fat low carb snacks. In this article we'll discuss high fat low carb snacks.
Happy to be here.
i am a medical doctor, that specialize in way of life medication using diet and exercise not only save you disease, however to treat and opposite it as properly.
And it all definitely goes lower back to my grandma. You know, I suppose the spark for plenty children to need to be a physician after they develop up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me turned into looking my grandma get better.She become diagnosed with end degree heart disease.
Already had so many pass surgical procedures, nothing greater the docs ought to do. She was despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, one of our early lifestyle medicine pioneers, and what happened next is genuinely distinct within Pritikin’s biography, to speak approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and she or he walked out a few weeks later.
She turned into taking walks 10 miles a day, and though she changed into given her scientific death sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful weight loss program was able to enjoy every other 31 years on earth to age 96, to continue to enjoy her six grandkids such as me. So that’s why I went into medicine.That’s why I exercise the type of medication I do, life-style medicinal drug.
I simply want to do in your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s top notch. First query:how an awful lot fats and protein will we want each day?
What are the nice assets? And how a great deal should athletes be eating?Well, you realize, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro vitamins.You want Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fat unfastened junk meals, we’ll give you… I mean any form of junk meals you want as it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all approximately whatever precise aspect, right?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all this stuff, and that offers us this kind of fitness halo, when in reality it need to all be approximately meals. And the purpose human beings don’t talk approximately food is there’s no money to be made within food.In truth, produce is going horrific;
Can’t sit down on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to position an advert on tv for broccoli because, you know, they’ll simply buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re never going to peer an ad on tv for candy potatoes because there’s simply no cash to be made.
That’s no longer in which the earnings is. The system is set up to reward just the unhealthiest however maximum profitable conduct.And so, I suggest, in order that’s just form of falling into the meals enterprise’s lure to speak of kind of this reductionist view of nutrients in preference to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I mean so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t communicate about it.
That’s why the industry needs you to speak like that, however it absolutely has to come back right down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fat on this us of a.
People suppose like steak or some thing. No, the primary source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one source of calcium, but sure, there’s protein within pork, yes, there’s iron within pork, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as a good deal as Burger King says you may “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however preserve the saturated fats, keep the hormones, hold the cholesterol.” I recognize, it’s a package deal— food is a bundle deal. So the component about that, so if you get your calcium from, you already know, darkish green leafy vegetables instead, then it’s like, properly, the luggage is surely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff missing from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose within terms of meals. So if you question me what are the nice ingredients that take place to have fats within them, nicely, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus in place of the bags.In terms of protein assets, all people who doesn’t realize how to get protein on a plant-based totally food plan doesn’t understand beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then additionally a number of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of things.So complete plant meals are the healthiest manner to get almost all your vitamins, and that’s truly, I think, how we have to think about the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question quantity :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technological know-how around that. Distilled water just sort of seems a waste of strength to me.I imply it’s the same thing with like, you realize, kind of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a completely sort of wasteful procedure. But you can dispose of some little trace minerals, however that’s no longer genuinely the difficulty.I suggest tap water is generally the most inexpensive, safest source of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t develop antique and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride even though?
It’s not essential, however from a public health standpoint—wealthy people can go to the dentist and afford all kinds of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her enamel—however from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental hassle, no massive deal, visit the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental trouble, they may lose their tooth, because of this dropping a number of their nutrients or being within chronic ache.And definitely from a public health standpoint fluoridated water is—within truth, in line with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public fitness innovations over the past century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any recommendations or unique guidelines for girls who select to eat a plant-based weight loss plan whilst pregnant, and who also pick to raise youngsters plant primarily based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s simply that much more critical to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all the same recommendation you’d give to absolutely everyone consuming a healthy weight-reduction plan, eating a plant-primarily based diet.
Critically critical: nutrition B12.So there’s vitamins that aren’t made with the aid of plants.
One’s diet D, that's made through animals along with yourself whilst you stroll outside; it’s the sunshine diet.And the alternative one’s vitamin B12.
Not made via flora, not made through animals both; made by means of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you already know, we should get all the B12 we wished consuming nicely water or out of a mountain or something a long term in the past, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a variety of B12 within our water any greater.
Don’t get a number of cholera either. It’s an excellent issue that we live in a nice sanitary world, however because of that we need to get a regular dependable supply of B12.Critically essential, particularly for pregnant girls, but for anybody.
During pregnancy iodine’s essential, a mineral often lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s important, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our children healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, within the 7th edition of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the best-promoting books ever, 2nd only to the Bible possibly on this USA.
Where within his remaining edition he wrote, in his 90s earlier than he died, endorsed all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he ought to see what the grandparents were demise from and see this burgeoning formative years weight problems epidemic. So genuinely we have to improve our children within the healthiest viable way.That way not having them smoke cigarettes.
That approach having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and a whole food, plant-primarily based weight loss plan—really primary, easy. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their professional position paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are appropriate for all levels of the lifestyle, including being pregnant and infancy and on thru vintage age.So without a doubt, we should all be elevating healthy kids, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e book on raising vegan children;
he’s got six, so he is aware of one or things approximately it. Gianna good enough, quantity four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why both men and women want no longer worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All types of nuttiness out on the net.If you have a look at the technology, even though, it’s in reality just form of a incredible scientific consensus within terms of humans.
I suggest, the laboratory animal studies, it depends in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or exclusive lines of mice have extraordinary outcomes. When we eventually had human information, so as an example breast most cancers, you could see worries at the net approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize until 2004, the primary statistic that genuinely put it to the test and in reality accompanied breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had much less breast cancer recurrence. And within that research and within all of five stories achieved to this point, each single one determined that girls with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor positive or bad, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all consistently greater survival;positioned them all together, more survival, decrease cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve known that eating soy, in particular at some point of youth, can lessen the threat of getting breast cancer in the first place, however now we realize it’s related to improved survival as properly. So wait a 2d.How is that possible while it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s definitely two styles of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long story:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinctive form of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy at the frame topics at the ratio of these exclusive receptors and different organs of the frame.And so it absolutely has pro-estrogen effects in which you want it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It truely reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, for instance, in reviews of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes in which you want it, for example within the breast, decreasing breast most cancers risk and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy term for basically the first-rate of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers risk. And so you don’t must eat it;all the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage humans to devour whole soy sources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you could get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a exceptional choice. Tempeh, miso, those are all complete soy ingredients, as well as some of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance within the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got lots of movies approximately it. So yeah, you just don’t believe the craziness you read at the internet.Gianna And just for the men out there which might be worried that they may develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But through excessive soy—they have been literally drinking gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I suppose some humans, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that stage you can absolutely get enough alpha receptor pastime to simply have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the option isn't always to keep away from soy, however now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be healthful. So soy intake in guys is associated with decrease prostate most cancers danger, which is the primary most cancers killer precise to guys.Gianna adequate, question wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti inflammatory food regimen, no marvel, may be one of the exceptional nutritional remedies for inflammatory diseases in fashionable, inclusive of car-immune disorder.So as an instance, more than one sclerosis, which is an auto-immune sickness where your frame assaults your personal nerves, the unmarried nice recorded intervention—medical, surgical, something, no drugs—have ever crushed out a plant-based weight loss plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food plan, so the simplest. So it’s not just more secure, cheaper.No, the most effective remedy ever published in the peer reviewed clinical medical literature, a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan.
Chron’s sickness, same element. A statistic out of Japan the use of a plant-based weight loss program, some of the first-rate relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disease is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re talking approximately objective measures along with grip strength and inflammatory markers inside the blood flow or just within terms of fine of life for people stricken by these sicknesses. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have a whole lot of suitable records for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 statistic located that individuals who consume strictly plant-based totally diets have the very best rates of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, which means regular thyroid function, and so it can prevent thyroid troubles.
But there’s by no means been any poll that genuinely placed plant-based totally diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speakme about something like iodine deficiency. There’s other styles of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have information for, however it might make experience if it works for most of these different automobile-immune sicknesses, it works for those other inflammatory illnesses, an anti inflammatory weight loss plan might have this impact.And part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would suppose fiber?We think like bowel health or something.
It’s just kind of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our desirable intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our gut. And we used to think that was simply intestine health, however now we understand that our microbiome, our pleasant plants down within our colon clearly may have outcomes on our immune machine, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch located in abundance within only one vicinity: whole plant foods, and a number of those compounds have anti inflammatory consequences.They’re smash down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated at some point of your body. So that’s one of the motives why plant-primarily based diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan based totally, both taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, virtually vitamin B12 is significantly critical for each person eating a healthy eating regimen, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest source.Once per week is all you need.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, but severely critical from a ordinary dependable supply.If you’re not getting enough solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and younger sufficient and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t be counted how sunny it's miles in case you’re stuck at a table activity all day, not getting out of doors, wherein case you’d want to supplement your weight loss program with vitamin D, the light diet. I recommend 2,000 global gadgets of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous nutrition C has been used as a most cancers treatment, going returned to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s work.
It was given that—exciting—type of debunked with the aid of Mayo Clinic, where they gave humans a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the form of impressive consequences that had been at the beginning visible, but they have been the use of oral nutrition C.We used to think, nicely, oral nutrition C is similar to intravenous vitamin C, but no, our frame without a doubt clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count both way, you’ll absorb it all. But once your frame gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is set five servings of culmination and greens worth—your body begins clamping “that’s a touch an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, in order that they genuinely weren’t exposed to the identical quantity.And so i've a whole shows of films on intravenous vitamin C for cancer in case you’re interested by that;
I inspire people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—should we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale in a smoothie powerful enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We have to consume cruciferous vegetables within whichever manner receives us to devour the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to eat the most.In fact cruciferous vegetables are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak approximately all the meals I encourage humans to get and suit into their each day habitual.So, you recognize, greens every day are the healthies vegetables, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You realize, the excellent beverage, the quality sweeteners, how lots exercising to get—simply to kind of encourage human beings to try to match some of the healthies of wholesome ingredients into the eating regimen.And one of these bins I inspire human beings to tick off each day, you’re now not going to in shape—you’re now not going to test off the day except you get a few shape of cruciferous veggies, which is set a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, these types of fantastic veggies. And so essentially but you get them to your food regimen, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a notable go-to way to get vegetables on your breakfast.
And I type of wreck a few white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, got to check those off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, placed them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most crucial factor.
Now you may overdo, I mean you may overdo raw cruciferous veggies which have this so called goitrogenic compounds which might be determined within plenty of healthy ingredients, now not best broccoli, however additionally flaxseeds and a number of different wholesome matters. But the answer is not to avoid these really healthy foods;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact those goitrogenic compounds simply interfere with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re without a doubt marginally no longer getting sufficient iodine, then consuming a variety of broccoli and cruciferous can surely have an effect on your tiers. So the answer, you just make certain you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which much like dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the more methods you can get them into your food plan, the higher.There became this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I neglect, it become like literally heaps of kilos of raw bok choy, she turned into on a few crazy weight loss program, and in reality did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 kilos… good enough, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage humans, proper. And appearance, we’re speakme approximately meals with medicinal consequences.I suggest we should expect like if you may devour as plenty—I suggest if there’s an infinite quantity of some thing that you could be exposed to, probable doesn’t have a good deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the truth that, look, no, some of those meals could have effective consequences on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a certain level which you need to live through, but fortuitously they’re all without problems within any type of normal culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the motive that humans soak or sprout nuts is to eliminate the phytates.So there was this idea, primarily based on experiences on dogs lower back within the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may remove the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to get rid of the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different crucial minerals. But we now recognise not best is that not the case, but phytates are definitely wholesome for you, truly useful outcomes of phytates, so we should in reality try to get as a lot phytates within our weight-reduction plan as possible, and the manner we do that is through consuming our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to consume uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d as an alternative no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which are these glycotoxins associated with extended danger of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and expanded getting old and all types of actually terrible things. And it’s formed while excessive fats, high protein ingredients are exposed to extraordinarily high warmth, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that form of aspect—extremely high.
So in case you examine it, whereas plant ingredients have nearly nothing irrespective of what you do—I imply you could grill a bell pepper and you’re not going to provide a problem, however there are uncommon plant ingredients which can be excessive in protein consequences, inclusive of nuts, together with soy. So we must really, preferably should now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an excellent concept on a regular basis due to these a long time.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, honestly complete nuts are better due to the fact you truly chew right down to little particles—no matter how well you chew, you usually handiest fracture all the way down to approximately 2 mm, that is 1000 instances large than the particles found in nut butters.And the motive that’s critical is because the ones mobile partitions and those little cubes, which comprise masses of heaps of intact partitions, really protect all the nutrients interior from absorption to your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flora.
So while we consume just acellular meals, powders like flour products, even supposing it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we devour 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t cast off the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving little or no for our intestine plants at the cease.
Whereas if you eat complete intact grains or entire beans, then there's honestly these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our excellent micro organism, and that improves our intestine fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein can we get fantastic assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral dealer speak. Somebody should have a look at crop nutrient decline over the past half of century, maybe 15%.So people seeking to promote you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, simply because they’re seeking to promote you some thing.
We can certainly study the records; the USDA tracks nutrients within the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, good enough, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you need to devour six florets of broccoli in place of a 1/2 century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For those who say all people’s special, so all of us require specific diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does a whole meals, plant-based totally food regimen help us stay longer, more healthy lives, everyone? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss program and there’s a lemur diet.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some loopy food plan.
No, there’s a food plan that’s clearly tuned to our biology. We advanced for millions of years.So we broke from our remaining high-quality ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow extremely good apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We had been a plant-primarily based eating regimen, nearly completely plant-based eating regimen, and most effective inside the remaining 10% of our evolution did we begin understanding a way to make gear and hunting, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to eating complete food, plant primarily based—so no surprise that the identical form of weight loss program that reverses heart sickness, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the identical food plan that also reverses diabetes, and the identical weight loss plan that reverses excessive blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes experience because, appearance, the anti-inflammatory weight loss program is a weight-reduction plan that helps your arteries anywhere for the duration of your frame.I suggest, look, if that’s all a plant-based food regimen ought to do, opposite the number one killer of males and females, shouldn’t that be sort of the default weight loss plan until established otherwise?
In fact that it is able to additionally save you or reverse different main killers would appear to make the case for plant-primarily based eating without a doubt overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing sources with them.
So sometimes it’s tough; people positioned up their defenses when a person tries—whilst every person involves us with some new concept that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s just this kind of natural response to kind of want to hold on.That’s why sharing kind of third-celebration sources:
“Here’s a fantastic documentary, here’s a superb website, here’s a amazing book,” after which they can kind of take it in on themselves, after which type of the inducement comes from through instead of feeling a person’s trying to inform them to do some thing. So that’s certainly one of my favorite approaches.And share tremendous food!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I stay that lengthy or just sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s absolutely the first-class of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes extraordinary and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally consuming is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t know my line. Where’s my cue card?