Author: Marko Balašević
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Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about magnesium food source. In this article we'll discuss magnesium food source.
Happy to be here.
i'm a health practitioner, specializing in lifestyle medicine using food regimen and workout not handiest save you disease, but to deal with and opposite it as nicely.
And all of it absolutely goes back to my grandma. You know, I suppose the spark for many kids to want to be a health practitioner once they grow up is watching a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, however for me became watching my grandma get higher.She become identified with give up stage coronary heart ailment.
Already had such a lot of pass surgeries, nothing extra the doctors should do. She turned into sent home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, one in all our early lifestyle medication pioneers, and what took place subsequent is honestly detailed within Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out some weeks later.
She turned into on foot 10 miles an afternoon, and though she changed into given her medical demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy weight-reduction plan turned into capable of revel in another 31 years on earth to age 96, to hold to enjoy her six grandkids such as me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I exercise the form of medicinal drug I do, lifestyle medication.
I just want to do in your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s extraordinary. First question:how lots fats and protein can we need every day?
What are the high-quality sources? And how an awful lot ought to athletes be eating?Well, you understand, we don’t consume macro nutrients;
we don’t consume micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk food, we’ll give you fat free junk food, we’ll provide you with… I mean any form of junk meals you need as it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about some thing precise component, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all these items, and that gives us this sort of health halo, whilst within reality it have to all be about meals. And the cause people don’t communicate approximately meals is there’s no cash to be made in food.In truth, provide is going horrific;
Can’t sit at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to put an advert on television for broccoli due to the fact, you know, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re never going to look an advert on television for candy potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not in which the income is. The device is set up to reward just the unhealthiest but maximum profitable conduct.And so, I suggest, in order that’s simply form of falling into the meals industry’s entice to talk of kind of this reductionist view of nutrients instead of food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I suggest so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise wishes you to speak like that, but it simply has to return down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, what else is within dairy?It’s the primary supply of saturated fat on this country.
People assume like steak or something. No, the number one supply of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the primary supply of calcium, however sure, there’s protein within beef, sure, there’s iron within pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as a great deal as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however hold the saturated fat, maintain the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I recognize, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal deal. So the factor about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you know, dark inexperienced leafy greens instead, then it’s like, properly, the luggage is virtually an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from form of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we assume within terms of food. So if you question me what are the excellent foods that manifest to have fat in them, nicely, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus as opposed to the luggage.In phrases of protein resources, all people who doesn’t know a way to get protein on a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan doesn’t understand beans, right?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then also some of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So whole plant meals are the healthiest way to get almost all your vitamins, and that’s honestly, I think, how we should think about the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam form of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how around that. Distilled water simply kind of appears a waste of strength to me.I suggest it’s the equal component with like, , type of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a completely kind of wasteful system. But you can put off a few little trace minerals, but that’s not without a doubt the issue.I suggest faucet water is usually the most inexpensive, most secure source of drinking water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t develop vintage and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s not vital, but from a public fitness point of view—rich humans can go to the dentist and have the funds for all types of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her enamel—however from a public health scale, I suggest that’s how you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no huge deal, visit the dentist, right? But if they have a dental problem, they could lose their teeth, this means that dropping quite a few their nutrients or being within continual pain.And genuinely from a public health viewpoint fluoridated water is—in truth, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question number three: are there any recommendations or unique tips for ladies who pick to eat a plant-primarily based diet whilst pregnant, and who also pick to elevate kids plant based after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re consuming for 2 it’s simply that much more vital to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s basically all the equal advice you’d give to anyone eating a healthful weight loss plan, consuming a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Critically important: vitamin B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made with the aid of flowers.
One’s nutrition D, that's made by way of animals consisting of your self while you walk outside; it’s the light vitamin.And the opposite one’s nutrition B12.
Not made with the aid of vegetation, now not made by animals both; made by using little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we may want to get all of the B12 we wanted ingesting nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term in the past, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a lot of B12 within our water any extra.
Don’t get a number of cholera both. It’s a very good issue that we live within a pleasant sanitary international, but due to that we need to get a ordinary reliable supply of B12.Critically crucial, specifically for pregnant ladies, but for each person.
During being pregnant iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s vital, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our kids healthful?I say sure, indeed, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, within the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the great-promoting books ever, 2nd most effective to the Bible possibly on this us of a.
Where within his ultimate version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, recommended all children be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he could see what the grandparents have been demise from and see this burgeoning formative years weight problems epidemic. So genuinely we should increase our youngsters inside the healthiest viable way.That way now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That approach having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the home, and an entire food, plant-primarily based weight loss plan—clearly basic, simple. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their professional function paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are appropriate for all levels of the life-style, including pregnancy and infancy and on thru antique age.So truly, we must all be elevating wholesome children, and in reality, Scott Stoll is currently writing a book on elevating vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or matters about it. Gianna good enough, wide variety four:please assist give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both males and females want not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All varieties of nuttiness out on the internet.If you examine the technology, although, it’s certainly just kind of a great medical consensus within phrases of people.
I suggest, the laboratory animal reviews, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary strains of mice have distinct effects. When we sooner or later had human stats, so for instance breast cancer, you can see concerns on the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise until 2004, the primary poll that clearly placed it to the check and in fact accompanied breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, simply to look who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And in that statistic and in all of five reports finished to this point, every single one determined that ladies with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor advantageous or negative, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continually extra survival;positioned them all collectively, extra survival, lower cancer recurrence fee.
And so we’ve recognized that ingesting soy, mainly at some stage in childhood, can lessen the hazard of having breast cancer within the first area, but now we know it’s associated with improved survival as nicely. So wait a 2d.How is that viable when it has estrogenic consequences?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s clearly varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended story:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a exceptional type of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the effects of soy on the frame matters on the ratio of those one of a kind receptors and extraordinary organs of the body.And so it certainly has seasoned-estrogen outcomes in which you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It absolutely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for instance, within stories of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes in which you need it, for example inside the breast, decreasing breast most cancers hazard and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for essentially the nice of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer risk. And so you don’t must consume it;all the legumes are healthy, and i inspire people to consume entire soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you may get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a notable desire. Tempeh, miso, those are all whole soy ingredients, as well as some of the greater processed stuff.And so that you look inside the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got heaps of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t trust the craziness you study on the internet.Gianna And just for the males available which can be concerned that they could develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But with the aid of immoderate soy—they were literally consuming gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I suppose a few people, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that stage you can clearly get enough alpha receptor interest to simply have seasoned-estrogenic results. So the option isn't to keep away from soy, but no longer drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it might be healthy. So soy intake within men is related to decrease prostate most cancers hazard, which is the number one most cancers killer unique to guys.Gianna adequate, question variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti-inflammatory diet, no surprise, may be one of the pleasant nutritional remedies for inflammatory illnesses in trendy, such as vehicle-immune disorder.So as an example, a couple of sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune disorder in which your frame assaults your own nerves, the unmarried pleasant recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, something, no drugs—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-primarily based eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss plan, so the best. So it’s now not just safer, less expensive.No, the only treatment ever published within the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Chron’s disease, same issue. A statistic out of Japan the usage of a plant-based totally eating regimen, a number of the great relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an car-immune inflammatory bowel disease.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re talking about objective measures including grip electricity and inflammatory markers in the blood circulate or just in terms of first-rate of existence for people laid low with those sicknesses. Auto-immune sickness, we simply don’t have a whole lot of precise insights for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 research observed that folks who devour strictly plant-based diets have the highest shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, meaning everyday thyroid characteristic, and so it could prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s never been any study that genuinely put plant-based totally diets to the test in phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking approximately some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other forms of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have data for, but it'd make feel if it really works for these kinds of other vehicle-immune diseases, it works for these different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory food plan would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory strength is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We assume like bowel health or something.
It’s just type of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our properly gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our gut. And we used to think that became simply gut fitness, but now we know that our microbiome, our pleasant vegetation down in our colon genuinely may have consequences on our immune gadget, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch determined within abundance in handiest one location: entire plant ingredients, and some of these compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re break down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated for the duration of your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, genuinely diet B12 is significantly critical for everybody consuming a wholesome diet, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, which is the cheapest source.Once every week is all you want.
Costs much less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, however significantly crucial from a ordinary reliable supply.If you’re no longer getting sufficient sun… Now, if you’re mild skinned sufficient and young enough and skinny sufficient and live at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the vitamin D you need.
But it doesn’t be counted how sunny it is if you’re stuck at a desk task all day, not getting outside, wherein case you’d want to complement your weight loss program with nutrition D, the light vitamin. I suggest 2,000 worldwide units of nutrition D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer remedy, going returned to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It become considering—thrilling—sort of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, in which they gave human beings an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the type of superb outcomes that have been at the beginning seen, but they had been using oral vitamin C.We used to think, well, oral diet C is the same as intravenous vitamin C, but no, our frame in reality clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t be counted either manner, you’ll soak up it all. But as soon as your frame gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of fruits and greens really worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your body begins clamping down on absorption, so that they definitely weren’t uncovered to the identical quantity.And so i have a whole series of movies on intravenous diet C for cancer if you’re interested in that;
I inspire humans to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—have to we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale in a smoothie effective enough, and is it bad for the thyroid to eat them raw? Oh, my God.We should devour cruciferous greens within whichever way gets us to devour the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner gets you to eat the most.In reality cruciferous greens are certainly one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate about all the meals I encourage humans to get and healthy into their day by day habitual.So, you know, vegetables every day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You know, the first-class beverage, the quality sweeteners, how a lot exercising to get—just to kind of inspire humans to try and in shape some of the healthies of wholesome ingredients into the diet.And one of these bins I encourage people to tick off each day, you’re not going to suit—you’re now not going to test off the day except you get some form of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a half of cup of cooked cruciferous greens, approximately a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, some of these superb veggies. And so basically however you get them in your weight loss plan, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a exceptional pass-to way to get vegetables in your breakfast.
And I kind of damage a few white beans in my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to check those off. But, yeah, positioned them within a smoothie, put them everywhere;as long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the most vital component.
Now you can overdo, I mean you can overdo uncooked cruciferous veggies which have this so known as goitrogenic compounds which might be found within lots of healthy foods, now not best broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of different healthful matters. But the response isn't always to keep away from these truely healthful meals;it’s just to get sufficient iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re truely marginally no longer getting sufficient iodine, then eating plenty of broccoli and cruciferous can actually have an effect on your levels. So the option, you just make certain you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, after which similar to dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the extra approaches you may get them into your weight loss plan, the higher.There become this well-known case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I overlook, it become like literally heaps of pounds of raw bok choy, she become on some loopy eating regimen, and in fact did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 kilos… good enough, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire humans, right. And look, we’re speaking approximately ingredients with medicinal results.I mean we must expect like if you can consume as a great deal—I suggest if there’s an infinite amount of something that you may be uncovered to, probable doesn’t have tons “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, appearance, no, some of these foods may have powerful results on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a certain stage that you want to stay through, however happily they’re all easily within any sort of normal culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, part of the cause that humans soak or sprout nuts is to take away the phytates.So there has been this notion, based on reports on dogs again inside the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you could get rid of the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to eliminate the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different important minerals. But we now realize no longer only is that no longer the case, however phytates are certainly wholesome for you, clearly useful results of phytates, so we have to virtually attempt to get as a good deal phytates within our weight loss program as feasible, and the way we do this is by using ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage human beings to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d rather now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which might be these glycotoxins related to elevated hazard of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and extended ageing and all kinds of truly horrific things. And it’s shaped whilst high fats, excessive protein meals are exposed to extremely high warmth, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled fowl, that sort of aspect—extraordinarily high.
So in case you take a look at it, whereas plant foods have nearly nothing regardless of what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re not going to produce a hassle, but there are rare plant foods which might be excessive in protein effects, consisting of nuts, inclusive of soy. So we have to clearly, ideally must now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an awesome concept on a ordinary foundation due to those ages.So that’s why we absolutely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, without a doubt whole nuts are better because you truely chunk all the way down to little particles—no matter how properly you chew, you typically only fracture all the way down to about 2 mm, that's one thousand times larger than the particles located within nut butters.And the purpose that’s important is because those cellular partitions and people little cubes, which comprise loads of thousands of intact walls, really protect all the vitamins inside from absorption to your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So when we consume simply acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, although it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t remove the fiber, however all the nutrients are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving little or no for our intestine flowers on the cease.
Whereas in case you devour entire intact grains or entire beans, then there's really these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our precise micro organism, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which can we get exquisite resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy trace mineral dealer communicate. Somebody must examine crop nutrient decline over the last half century, maybe 15%.So humans trying to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, just because they’re trying to sell you something.
We can sincerely examine the stats; the USDA tracks vitamins in the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, good enough, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli in preference to a half of century in the past. Fine, devour six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For individuals who say anyone’s special, so we all require unique diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole food, plant-based totally diet assist us live longer, more healthy lives, anyone? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food regimen and there’s a lemur weight-reduction plan.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few crazy weight loss plan.
No, there’s a food regimen that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our remaining wonderful ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution till approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow amazing apes ate, which is largely greens and fruit. We were a plant-based totally food regimen, nearly exclusively plant-primarily based diet, and simplest within the remaining 10% of our evolution did we start understanding the way to make gear and hunting, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to eating whole meals, plant based—so no marvel that the identical form of eating regimen that reverses heart disease, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the identical weight loss plan that still reverses diabetes, and the same weight loss plan that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience due to the fact, appearance, the anti-inflammatory diet is a diet that enables your arteries anywhere throughout your body.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based food regimen may want to do, opposite the primary killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be form of the default weight loss program until validated otherwise?
In truth that it could also save you or reverse different main killers could seem to make the case for plant-based ingesting surely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing resources with them.
So every so often it’s difficult; human beings placed up their defenses while a person attempts—whilst all people comes to us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s simply this type of herbal response to type of need to keep on.That’s why sharing form of third-celebration assets:
“Here’s a awesome documentary, right here’s a extremely good internet site, right here’s a amazing ebook,” and then they are able to sort of take it within on themselves, and then form of the motivation comes from through in preference to feeling a person’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s considered one of my preferred approaches.And share excellent meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I live that long or just feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s virtually the high-quality of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2d. Tastes incredible and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based eating is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?