Author: Mark Velov
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about net carbs in vegetables. In this article we'll discuss net carbs in vegetables.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a doctor, specializing in life-style medication using weight-reduction plan and workout now not most effective prevent disorder, but to deal with and reverse it as nicely.
And it all genuinely goes again to my grandma. You understand, I think the spark for lots children to need to be a health practitioner when they develop up is looking a grandparent get unwell or even die, however for me was watching my grandma get better.She changed into recognized with stop stage heart ailment.
Already had such a lot of pass surgeries, nothing extra the doctors may want to do. She became sent domestic in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, one of our early way of life medicine pioneers, and what passed off next is certainly extensive within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She became on foot 10 miles an afternoon, and even though she become given her scientific demise sentence at age 65, way to a healthy food regimen was able to revel in some other 31 years on the planet to age 96, to maintain to revel in her six grandkids such as me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I practice the sort of medicine I do, lifestyle medicinal drug.
I simply need to do for your family what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s fantastic. First question:how an awful lot fats and protein do we want day by day?
What are the fine assets? And how a good deal should athletes be eating?Well, you realize, we don’t consume macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll come up with vegan junk food, we’ll come up with fat unfastened junk food, we’ll come up with… I suggest any form of junk meals you want as it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about something unique factor, right?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that gives us this type of fitness halo, whilst in reality it should all be approximately food. And the cause human beings don’t communicate approximately meals is there’s no money to be made in meals.In fact, deliver goes horrific;
Can’t sit down on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to place an advert on tv for broccoli because, you know, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no cash to be made.You’re by no means going to see an advert on television for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no cash to be made.
That’s now not in which the profit is. The machine is set up to praise simply the unhealthiest but maximum worthwhile behavior.And so, I suggest, so that’s just sort of falling into the food industry’s lure to talk of kind of this reductionist view of vitamins rather than meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to speak like that, however it actually has to come all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, appearance, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is within dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fats on this USA.
People suppose like steak or some thing. No, the primary supply of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the primary source of calcium, however sure, there’s protein within pork, yes, there’s iron within beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as an awful lot as Burger King says you can “have it your way,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however preserve the saturated fats, keep the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a bundle— food is a bundle deal. So the issue approximately that, so in case you get your calcium from, , dark inexperienced leafy veggies instead, then it’s like, properly, the baggage is in reality an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff lacking from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in terms of meals. So in case you inquire from me what are the first-rate ingredients that occur to have fat within them, properly, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus as opposed to the baggage.In phrases of protein assets, every body who doesn’t recognise how to get protein on a plant-primarily based diet doesn’t understand beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant state. And then additionally some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all varieties of things.So whole plant meals are the healthiest way to get almost all your nutrients, and that’s sincerely, I assume, how we have to consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question range two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam kind of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how around that. Distilled water simply sort of seems a waste of power to me.I mean it’s the equal aspect with like, you realize, sort of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a totally sort of wasteful procedure. But you could take away a few little trace minerals, but that’s now not without a doubt the problem.I suggest faucet water is typically the cheapest, most secure source of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the purpose why we don’t develop antique and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride even though?
It’s not important, but from a public health standpoint—wealthy people can visit the dentist and manage to pay for all styles of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—but from a public fitness scale, I mean that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no massive deal, go to the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental problem, they might lose their teeth, this means that losing a number of their vitamins or being within continual ache.And without a doubt from a public health viewpoint fluoridated water is—within fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question number three: are there any recommendations or unique hints for ladies who select to devour a plant-based eating regimen even as pregnant, and who additionally pick out to elevate youngsters plant primarily based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for two it’s simply that much more critical to get all the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all of the equal advice you’d deliver to everyone eating a healthy weight loss plan, ingesting a plant-primarily based diet.
Critically critical: vitamin B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made via plant life.
One’s nutrition D, which is made by way of animals inclusive of your self whilst you walk outdoor; it’s the sunshine diet.And the other one’s vitamin B12.
Not made with the aid of flora, no longer made by means of animals either; made by little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we ought to get all the B12 we needed consuming properly water or out of a mountain or something a long term in the past, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a lot of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get quite a few cholera both. It’s a very good component that we stay within a pleasing sanitary global, but because of that we want to get a regular dependable supply of B12.Critically essential, in particular for pregnant ladies, but for every body.
During pregnancy iodine’s vital, a mineral often missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we raise our children healthful?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the pleasant-promoting books ever, second best to the Bible perhaps in this U.S.
Where within his last edition he wrote, in his 90s before he died, encouraged all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he could see what the grandparents were death from and spot this burgeoning youth weight problems epidemic. So truly we have to improve our youngsters within the healthiest possible manner.That manner no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That way having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and an entire meals, plant-based totally weight-reduction plan—actually basic, simple. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their professional role paper says strictly plant-based diets are suitable for all tiers of the life-style, which includes pregnancy and infancy and on via old age.So actually, we need to all be elevating wholesome children, and in reality, Scott Stoll is currently writing a book on raising vegan children;
he’s got six, so he knows one or things about it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why each males and females need now not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All forms of nuttiness out on the net.If you observe the technology, even though, it’s definitely simply type of a tremendous medical consensus in phrases of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal experiences, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary traces of mice have exclusive outcomes. When we subsequently had human records, so for example breast cancer, you can see worries on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t realize till 2004, the first statistic that actually positioned it to the take a look at and in reality followed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, simply to peer who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And within that research and in all of five experiences achieved up to now, each single one found that ladies with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor tremendous or negative, whether or not they were on Tamoxifen or not—all continually extra survival;placed them all collectively, greater survival, decrease cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve known that consuming soy, mainly for the duration of youth, can lessen the hazard of having breast most cancers in the first vicinity, however now we are aware of it’s associated with improved survival as well. So wait a 2nd.How is that possible whilst it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s simply two sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended scenario:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinct sort of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the results of soy on the body topics at the ratio of those one-of-a-kind receptors and unique organs of the body.And so it really has seasoned-estrogen outcomes where you need it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It honestly reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, within reviews of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences wherein you need it, as an instance in the breast, reducing breast cancer chance and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for basically the nice of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers chance. And so that you don’t need to devour it;all the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage human beings to eat whole soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you could get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a extremely good desire. Tempeh, miso, those are all whole soy foods, in addition to some of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance in the clinical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got heaps of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you read at the net.Gianna And just for the males available which might be worried that they might develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But via immoderate soy—they have been literally drinking gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I overlook… I assume some people, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that level you may sincerely get enough alpha receptor activity to truely have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the reply isn't to keep away from soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be healthy. So soy intake within guys is associated with lower prostate most cancers risk, that's the number one cancer killer precise to guys.Gianna ok, query variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti inflammatory diet, no wonder, may be one of the nice dietary remedies for inflammatory diseases within widespread, which includes auto-immune disorder.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, that's an automobile-immune sickness where your frame attacks your personal nerves, the unmarried exceptional recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, anything, no drugs—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-based totally weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS eating regimen, so the only. So it’s not just safer, cheaper.No, the best treatment ever published within the peer reviewed clinical medical literature, a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Chron’s disease, same component. A research out of Japan the usage of a plant-based totally diet, a number of the quality relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disorder is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disease.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re talking approximately goal measures which include grip strength and inflammatory markers inside the blood circulation or simply within terms of best of existence for human beings laid low with these diseases. Auto-immune disease, we just don’t have a number of good stats for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 statistic determined that people who consume strictly plant-primarily based diets have the best shares of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, that means normal thyroid characteristic, and so it may save you thyroid issues.
But there’s never been any statistic that honestly positioned plant-based totally diets to the check within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speaking approximately some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other types of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have statistics for, but it'd make sense if it really works for a majority of these different automobile-immune sicknesses, it works for those different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory weight loss plan would have this effect.And a part of that anti-inflammatory strength is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would suppose fiber?We think like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply form of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our properly intestine micro organism can.
We have trillions of micro organism in our intestine. And we used to suppose that changed into simply intestine fitness, but now we recognise that our microbiome, our friendly flora down in our colon definitely could have outcomes on our immune device, even our mental health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch found within abundance within simplest one vicinity: complete plant foods, and a number of these compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re wreck down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated all through your body. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and dietary supplements, vegan based, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, definitely nutrition B12 is significantly vital for each person consuming a healthful food plan, so I’d advocate 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest supply.Once every week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, however seriously critical from a ordinary dependable supply.If you’re not getting enough solar… Now, in case you’re light skinned enough and younger enough and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it's miles if you’re caught at a desk job all day, no longer getting out of doors, in which case you’d want to supplement your food plan with diet D, the sunshine diet. I recommend 2,000 worldwide units of vitamin D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer treatment, going back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It became due to the fact that—exciting—type of debunked via Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave human beings a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the type of staggering outcomes that were firstly seen, however they have been using oral diet C.We used to think, properly, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous diet C, but no, our body simply clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t matter either way, you’ll absorb it all. But as soon as your frame gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is set five servings of end result and vegetables worth—your body begins clamping “that’s a touch too much.” Your frame begins clamping down on absorption, so they clearly weren’t uncovered to the equal quantity.And so i have an entire shows of videos on intravenous vitamin C for cancer if you’re interested by that;
I inspire human beings to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—need to we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale in a smoothie effective enough, and is it awful for the thyroid to eat them raw? Oh, my God.We ought to eat cruciferous vegetables in whichever manner receives us to consume the maximum of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to eat the maximum.In truth cruciferous vegetables are one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak about all the foods I inspire humans to get and suit into their each day recurring.So, you already know, veggies every day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of ground turmeric. You understand, the quality beverage, the satisfactory sweeteners, how a great deal exercising to get—just to type of encourage human beings to try and fit some of the healthies of healthy meals into the eating regimen.And one of those bins I encourage humans to tick off every day, you’re now not going to suit—you’re no longer going to test off the day until you get some shape of cruciferous greens, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, a majority of these remarkable veggies. And so basically but you get them to your diet, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a wonderful pass-to manner to get veggies on your breakfast.
And I type of smash a few white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, got to check those off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, positioned them anywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum critical element.
Now you can overdo, I imply you could overdo uncooked cruciferous veggies which have this so called goitrogenic compounds that are observed in masses of healthful foods, not only broccoli, however also flaxseeds and a number of other healthful matters. But the reply isn't to keep away from those sincerely healthy meals;it’s simply to get sufficient iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re virtually marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then ingesting a lot of broccoli and cruciferous can really affect your degrees. So the reply, you simply make certain you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then much like dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the greater ways you may get them into your food regimen, the higher.There was this well-known case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget, it became like literally lots of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she became on a few loopy eating regimen, and in reality did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 kilos… good enough, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire human beings, proper. And look, we’re speaking about foods with medicinal results.I imply we ought to assume like if you may devour as an awful lot—I mean if there’s an infinite quantity of some thing that you could be exposed to, possibly doesn’t have plenty “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, look, no, some of these foods can have powerful results on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a sure degree which you want to live within, but luckily they’re all easily within any kind of normal culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, a part of the reason that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to remove the phytates.So there has been this notion, primarily based on stories on dogs lower back inside the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you could cast off the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and then you’d maximize your calcium absorption and other vital minerals. But we now realize now not only is that no longer the case, but phytates are truly healthy for you, absolutely useful effects of phytates, so we must definitely attempt to get as a good deal phytates within our weight-reduction plan as possible, and the manner we do that is by consuming our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage human beings to eat raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d as an alternative not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which might be these glycotoxins associated with expanded threat of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and expanded growing old and all types of truly awful things. And it’s formed when excessive fats, high protein ingredients are uncovered to extraordinarily high warmness, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed hot dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that form of issue—extremely excessive.
So if you observe it, whereas plant meals have almost not anything irrespective of what you do—I imply you may grill a bell pepper and also you’re no longer going to produce a trouble, but there are rare plant meals which might be high within protein outcomes, which includes nuts, along with soy. So we need to definitely, preferably need to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an awesome idea on a ordinary basis because of those a long time.So that’s why we certainly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, simply entire nuts are better due to the fact you clearly chew all the way down to little particles—no matter how nicely you bite, you usually most effective fracture all the way down to approximately 2 mm, that's a thousand instances larger than the debris observed within nut butters.And the purpose that’s important is because the ones mobile walls and people little cubes, which incorporate masses of thousands of intact partitions, genuinely shield all the vitamins interior from absorption in your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So while we consume simply acellular meals, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t cast off the fiber, but all the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small gut, leaving little or no for our intestine plant life at the end.
Whereas in case you devour whole intact grains or entire beans, then there is genuinely those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our top bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which are we able to get excellent assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy trace mineral vendor speak. Somebody have to take a look at crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, perhaps 15%.So humans seeking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just due to the fact they’re trying to sell you something.
We can really take a look at the statistics; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, ok, as opposed to five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli rather than a half century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For people who say all of us’s exclusive, so all of us require unique diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does an entire meals, plant-primarily based food plan assist us stay longer, more healthy lives, anyone? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla eating regimen and there’s a lemur weight loss plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy food regimen.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s certainly tuned to our biology. We developed for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our remaining remarkable ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow first rate apes ate, which is essentially veggies and fruit. We were a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan, almost solely plant-based eating regimen, and only inside the final 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing the way to make equipment and hunting, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to consuming complete meals, plant based totally—so no marvel that the same form of food plan that reverses coronary heart ailment, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the equal weight loss program that still reverses diabetes, and the identical food plan that reverses excessive blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes feel because, look, the anti-inflammatory food regimen is a food regimen that facilitates your arteries anywhere for the duration of your body.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-based weight loss plan should do, reverse the number one killer of males and females, shouldn’t that be form of the default diet till proven otherwise?
In truth that it may additionally save you or opposite different main killers would seem to make the case for plant-based totally ingesting absolutely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing assets with them.
So once in a while it’s difficult; human beings put up their defenses when a person tries—whilst everyone comes to us with some new idea that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s just this sort of natural response to form of need to preserve on.That’s why sharing form of third-birthday celebration resources:
“Here’s a top notch documentary, here’s a high-quality website, right here’s a amazing book,” and then they could form of take it within on themselves, after which form of the inducement comes from within instead of feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s one of my favored methods.And proportion wonderful meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t count number how—will I live that long or just experience like I lived that long? But no, it’s honestly the quality of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes high-quality and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based eating is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?