Author: Nia Rouseberg
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about nutrition for young athletes. In this article we'll discuss nutrition for young athletes.
Happy to be here.
i'm a doctor, that specialize in way of life remedy the use of weight-reduction plan and exercise now not simplest prevent disease, but to treat and reverse it as nicely.
And it all virtually is going again to my grandma. You recognise, I suppose the spark for many children to want to be a physician after they grow up is looking a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me become looking my grandma get better.She was identified with quit stage heart ailment.
Already had so many pass surgical procedures, not anything extra the docs should do. She turned into despatched home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early life-style medicinal drug pioneers, and what passed off next is simply precise in Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She changed into on foot 10 miles a day, and though she turned into given her scientific dying sentence at age 65, way to a healthy food plan turned into capable of experience every other 31 years on this planet to age 96, to hold to enjoy her six grandkids together with me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I exercise the type of medicinal drug I do, lifestyle remedy.
I simply want to do in your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s incredible. First question:how a great deal fats and protein can we want daily?
What are the first-class resources? And how tons have to athletes be consuming?Well, you know, we don’t consume macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll give you vegan junk food, we’ll provide you with fats unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I mean any form of junk food you want because it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all approximately anything unique aspect, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these things, and that gives us this type of fitness halo, when in truth it must all be about meals. And the purpose human beings don’t speak approximately food is there’s no money to be made in meals.In reality, produce goes terrible;
Can’t sit at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to place an ad on television for broccoli because, you realize, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re never going to peer an advert on tv for candy potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s now not in which the profit is. The machine is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest but maximum worthwhile conduct.And so, I imply, so that’s simply sort of falling into the meals enterprise’s entice to speak of sort of this reductionist view of nutrients instead of food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, right? I imply so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t talk approximately it.
That’s why the industry desires you to speak like that, however it definitely has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you realize what else is within dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats on this U.S.A.
People think like steak or something. No, the number one source of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the primary source of calcium, but sure, there’s protein in red meat, yes, there’s iron within red meat, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as tons as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but maintain the saturated fats, maintain the hormones, keep the ldl cholesterol.” I know, it’s a bundle— food is a bundle deal. So the element approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you already know, darkish inexperienced leafy vegetables instead, then it’s like, nicely, the luggage is truely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from type of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in phrases of food. So in case you inquire from me what are the high-quality foods that show up to have fat in them, properly, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you just get the bonus instead of the luggage.In terms of protein resources, everybody who doesn’t know a way to get protein on a plant-based totally food regimen doesn’t know beans, proper?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then additionally a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So complete plant foods are the healthiest way to get almost all of your vitamins, and that’s absolutely, I assume, how we should consider those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off sort of stuff.
i have a video on Nutritioninformation.org that is going into the science around that. Distilled water just sort of seems a waste of energy to me.I mean it’s the same element with like, , form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally sort of wasteful technique. But you could put off a few little hint minerals, but that’s no longer absolutely the problem.I suggest tap water is typically the cheapest, most secure source of ingesting water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t develop old and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride although?
It’s no longer important, but from a public fitness perspective—rich people can visit the dentist and have the funds for all forms of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their tooth—however from a public fitness scale, I suggest that’s how you reach impoverished populations which won't have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental hassle, no big deal, go to the dentist, right? But if they have a dental trouble, they could lose their enamel, this means that dropping quite a few their nutrients or being in continual pain.And truely from a public health point of view fluoridated water is—in reality, in step with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public health improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any suggestions or unique recommendations for ladies who choose to eat a plant-primarily based weight loss plan even as pregnant, and who additionally pick out to raise kids plant based totally after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re consuming for 2 it’s simply that rather more crucial to get all of the nutrition you need, and so it’s basically all the same advice you’d supply to all of us eating a healthy eating regimen, consuming a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan.
Critically critical: diet B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by flowers.
One’s diet D, which is made through animals which include your self whilst you walk outside; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the alternative one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by flora, now not made by animals either; made by means of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you realize, we should get all the B12 we wished ingesting properly water or out of a mountain or something a long term in the past, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a number of B12 within our water any greater.
Don’t get a whole lot of cholera both. It’s a very good issue that we live in a pleasing sanitary global, however due to that we need to get a everyday reliable source of B12.Critically essential, especially for pregnant girls, but for anybody.
During pregnancy iodine’s vital, a mineral regularly lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s critical, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we enhance our kids healthful?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, inside the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the high-quality-promoting books ever, 2nd best to the Bible perhaps on this U.S.A.
Where in his final version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, advocated all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents were demise from and spot this burgeoning adolescence weight problems epidemic. So in reality we must raise our youngsters within the healthiest possible manner.That approach not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the domestic, and an entire food, plant-based food regimen—actually basic, simple. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their reliable role paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are appropriate for all tiers of the way of life, consisting of pregnancy and infancy and on thru vintage age.So without a doubt, we ought to all be elevating healthful kids, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a ebook on elevating vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or matters approximately it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why both ladies and men need not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the internet.If you have a look at the science, although, it’s simply simply kind of a high-quality medical consensus in terms of people.
I suggest, the laboratory animal reviews, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or different lines of mice have extraordinary results. When we finally had human insights, so as an instance breast cancer, you may see issues on the internet approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t understand until 2004, the primary study that really positioned it to the take a look at and in reality accompanied breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that research and in all of five stories accomplished thus far, every unmarried one discovered that women with breast most cancers, whether estrogen receptor nice or negative, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or now not—all continually more survival;positioned all of them collectively, greater survival, lower most cancers recurrence fee.
And so we’ve recognised that ingesting soy, in particular at some stage in youth, can lessen the chance of getting breast cancer within the first vicinity, but now we understand it’s related to advanced survival as properly. So wait a 2d.How is that feasible while it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s in reality two sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted scenario:alpha, beta—so essentially your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced with the aid of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a special sort of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the consequences of soy on the frame topics at the ratio of those distinctive receptors and distinct organs of the body.And so it simply has pro-estrogen consequences in which you need it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It truly reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, for instance, within reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes in which you need it, as an example within the breast, lowering breast most cancers chance and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy term for essentially the nice of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer chance. And so that you don’t should eat it;all the legumes are healthful, and i encourage human beings to devour whole soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a extremely good preference. Tempeh, miso, these are all entire soy foods, as well as some of the more processed stuff.And so that you look in the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got tons of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t trust the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And only for the males available that are worried that they could develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy consumption.
But with the aid of excessive soy—they have been literally consuming gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I neglect… I think a few humans, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that degree you can certainly get enough alpha receptor hobby to simply have seasoned-estrogenic effects. So the reply isn't to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it'd be healthful. So soy intake in guys is associated with decrease prostate cancer chance, that is the number one cancer killer unique to guys.Gianna good enough, query wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti inflammatory weight-reduction plan, no surprise, can be one of the exceptional nutritional remedies for inflammatory sicknesses within widespread, such as vehicle-immune ailment.So for instance, a couple of sclerosis, which is an auto-immune ailment where your body attacks your personal nerves, the single first-class recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, some thing, no capsules—have ever crushed out a plant-based totally diet:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the handiest. So it’s not just safer, less expensive.No, the handiest remedy ever posted in the peer reviewed medical clinical literature, a plant-primarily based eating regimen.
Chron’s disease, identical aspect. A research out of Japan using a plant-primarily based eating regimen, some of the satisfactory relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disorder is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking approximately objective measures consisting of grip energy and inflammatory markers within the blood stream or simply within phrases of great of existence for human beings tormented by these diseases. Auto-immune ailment, we just don’t have a number of proper facts for.We have statistics, so the Adventist 2 poll located that people who consume strictly plant-based diets have the best shares of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, that means regular thyroid characteristic, and so it is able to save you thyroid issues.
But there’s in no way been any poll that genuinely positioned plant-based totally diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speakme approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s different varieties of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have data for, but it might make sense if it really works for a majority of these different auto-immune diseases, it really works for those different inflammatory illnesses, an anti inflammatory eating regimen would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory electricity is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might assume fiber?We think like bowel health or some thing.
It’s just type of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our true intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our intestine. And we used to think that became simply gut fitness, however now we recognise that our microbiome, our pleasant flowers down in our colon truly may have consequences on our immune device, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch observed within abundance within most effective one area: whole plant foods, and some of those compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re ruin down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated at some point of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan primarily based, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, certainly vitamin B12 is significantly vital for all of us eating a healthful weight loss program, so I’d suggest 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, which is the cheapest supply.Once per week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, however critically critical from a ordinary dependable supply.If you’re no longer getting sufficient solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and young enough and thin sufficient and stay at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's miles if you’re caught at a desk process all day, not getting outside, wherein case you’d need to supplement your diet with diet D, the sunshine nutrition. I advise 2,000 worldwide devices of nutrition D3 an afternoon.So, I mean intravenous vitamin C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going returned to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It became given that—interesting—sort of debunked through Mayo Clinic, where they gave humans an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the sort of excellent consequences that were in the beginning seen, but they were the use of oral nutrition C.We used to think, properly, oral diet C is the same as intravenous nutrition C, but no, our frame definitely clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t rely both way, you’ll take in all of it. But once your body receives over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is set five servings of end result and greens worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, in order that they surely weren’t uncovered to the same amount.And so i have an entire series of videos on intravenous diet C for cancer if you’re interested by that;
I inspire humans to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale in a smoothie powerful enough, and is it awful for the thyroid to eat them uncooked? Oh, my God.We have to eat cruciferous greens within whichever way gets us to devour the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to devour the most.In reality cruciferous greens are one in all my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak about all the foods I encourage humans to get and match into their each day ordinary.So, you understand, vegetables every day are the healthies veggies, beans every day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You understand, the first-rate beverage, the excellent sweeteners, how a great deal workout to get—simply to type of encourage humans to try to healthy a number of the healthies of healthful ingredients into the eating regimen.And one of those containers I encourage people to tick off every day, you’re not going to fit—you’re now not going to test off the day except you get some form of cruciferous veggies, which is set a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, a majority of these first rate greens. And so basically but you get them in your food regimen, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a excellent pass-to manner to get greens on your breakfast.
And I type of destroy some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to check those off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum essential factor.
Now you can overdo, I imply you may overdo raw cruciferous veggies which have this so called goitrogenic compounds which can be determined within lots of healthy foods, not simplest broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of other wholesome things. But the option is not to avoid these without a doubt healthful foods;it’s just to get enough iodine because these goitrogenic compounds just intrude with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re simply marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then ingesting loads of broccoli and cruciferous can without a doubt have an effect on your ranges. So the reply, you simply ensure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then just like darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the more ways you may get them into your weight loss program, the higher.There became this famous case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I overlook, it become like literally lots of kilos of raw bok choy, she turned into on a few crazy weight-reduction plan, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… good enough, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, proper. And look, we’re talking approximately meals with medicinal consequences.I imply we ought to assume like if you could consume as a good deal—I imply if there’s an infinite amount of something that you can be uncovered to, in all likelihood doesn’t have an awful lot “uumph” to it, proper?
But the reality that, appearance, no, some of those meals may have effective effects on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a positive level that you want to live through, however luckily they’re all without problems through any type of typical culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, part of the cause that humans soak or sprout nuts is to put off the phytates.So there has been this concept, primarily based on reviews on dogs back inside the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you can dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to get rid of the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and other critical minerals. But we now understand now not only is that no longer the case, however phytates are in reality wholesome for you, definitely beneficial consequences of phytates, so we need to virtually try and get as tons phytates in our diet as possible, and the way we do this is through eating our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire people to eat raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d alternatively no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which can be those glycotoxins related to elevated chance of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and extended ageing and all sorts of really horrific things. And it’s fashioned whilst high fat, excessive protein ingredients are uncovered to extraordinarily excessive heat, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that type of aspect—extremely high.
So if you have a look at it, while plant meals have almost nothing no matter what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and you’re not going to provide a trouble, however there are rare plant ingredients which can be excessive within protein results, which include nuts, consisting of soy. So we have to really, ideally should now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not an excellent concept on a ordinary basis due to these a long time.So that’s why we clearly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, sincerely entire nuts are better due to the fact you in reality chew down to little particles—regardless of how properly you bite, you generally best fracture all the way down to about 2 mm, that is a thousand times large than the debris determined within nut butters.And the cause that’s critical is because those mobile walls and people little cubes, which comprise loads of hundreds of intact partitions, absolutely shield all of the vitamins inner from absorption for your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So while we consume just acellular ingredients, powders like flour merchandise, even supposing it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we devour 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t remove the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed in the small gut, leaving little or no for our gut flora at the give up.
Whereas in case you devour whole intact grains or whole beans, then there's virtually those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our exact bacteria, and that improves our intestine health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, where are we able to get amazing sources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy trace mineral dealer talk. Somebody must observe crop nutrient decline during the last 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So people seeking to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, just due to the fact they’re looking to sell you something.
We can genuinely study the statistics; the USDA tracks vitamins inside the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, ok, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli rather than a half century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For those who say everyone’s one-of-a-kind, so we all require exclusive diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole meals, plant-primarily based weight loss plan assist us live longer, healthier lives, every person? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food regimen and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few crazy weight-reduction plan.
No, there’s a diet that’s obviously tuned to our biology. We developed for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our remaining excellent ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow notable apes ate, which is basically veggies and fruit. We had been a plant-based totally diet, nearly solely plant-based food plan, and simplest in the remaining 10% of our evolution did we start knowing the way to make equipment and searching, etc.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting complete food, plant based—so no wonder that the same form of food plan that reverses heart ailment, the number one killer of men and women, is the equal diet that also reverses diabetes, and the same diet that reverses excessive blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel because, appearance, the anti inflammatory diet is a weight-reduction plan that allows your arteries everywhere at some stage in your frame.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-primarily based weight loss plan could do, reverse the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be sort of the default weight loss program till established in any other case?
In fact that it could additionally save you or opposite different main killers might appear to make the case for plant-based eating certainly overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So once in a while it’s tough; humans put up their defenses whilst someone tries—while every body involves us with some new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s just this type of herbal reaction to type of want to keep on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-birthday party sources:
“Here’s a super documentary, here’s a extremely good website, here’s a remarkable e book,” and then they are able to type of take it in on themselves, after which kind of the inducement comes from through rather than feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do some thing. So that’s considered one of my favorite ways.And proportion incredible food!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I live that lengthy or simply sense like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s truly the excellent of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes exceptional and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t realize my line. Where’s my cue card?