Author: Marko Balašević
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Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about 'raw vegan diet'. In this article we'll discuss 'raw vegan diet'.
Happy to be right here.
i am a doctor, focusing on life-style medicinal drug the use of food regimen and exercise no longer best prevent sickness, but to deal with and opposite it as nicely.
And all of it in reality is going back to my grandma. You understand, I suppose the spark for many kids to want to be a doctor when they develop up is looking a grandparent get sick or maybe die, however for me turned into watching my grandma get higher.She become diagnosed with cease degree coronary heart sickness.
Already had so many bypass surgical procedures, nothing greater the docs could do. She changed into despatched home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early way of life medicinal drug pioneers, and what happened next is clearly particular within Pritikin’s biography, to speak approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out some weeks later.
She become walking 10 miles an afternoon, and although she became given her medical dying sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy weight loss plan become able to revel in any other 31 years on earth to age 96, to preserve to experience her six grandkids which includes me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I practice the type of remedy I do, way of life remedy.
I simply want to do to your own family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s exquisite. First question:how tons fats and protein do we want day by day?
What are the fine sources? And how plenty ought to athletes be ingesting?Well, you already know, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fats unfastened junk food, we’ll provide you with… I mean any type of junk meals you want as it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all approximately some thing particular thing, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all this stuff, and that gives us this type of health halo, while in fact it have to all be approximately meals. And the reason people don’t communicate approximately meals is there’s no money to be made within food.In truth, provide goes awful;
Can’t sit down on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower is not going to put an advert on television for broccoli due to the fact, you realize, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re by no means going to see an ad on tv for candy potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s no longer in which the income is. The gadget is installation to reward simply the unhealthiest but most profitable conduct.And so, I mean, so that’s just kind of falling into the food industry’s trap to talk of form of this reductionist view of vitamins as opposed to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I suggest so fats, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t speak approximately it.
That’s why the industry desires you to speak like that, however it in reality has to return down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you understand what else is within dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fat in this U.S.A.
People think like steak or something. No, the number one source of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the number one source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in pork, sure, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I imply as a lot as Burger King says you may “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however maintain the saturated fat, keep the hormones, preserve the cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a package deal— food is a package deal. So the element approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, , dark inexperienced leafy vegetables as an alternative, then it’s like, well, the bags is truly a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things missing from sort of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in phrases of meals. So if you inquire from me what are the excellent foods that manifest to have fats within them, nicely, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus rather than the bags.In phrases of protein assets, every person who doesn’t know how to get protein on a plant-based weight-reduction plan doesn’t recognise beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then additionally a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So entire plant ingredients are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your vitamins, and that’s truly, I think, how we need to consider those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question range :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off kind of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the science round that. Distilled water simply kind of appears a waste of power to me.I imply it’s the identical thing with like, you understand, kind of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a very sort of wasteful technique. But you could take away a few little trace minerals, but that’s now not absolutely the issue.I suggest tap water is typically the cheapest, most secure source of ingesting water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t develop old and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride though?
It’s no longer essential, however from a public fitness standpoint—rich human beings can go to the dentist and manage to pay for all sorts of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their enamel—but from a public health scale, I suggest that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which won't have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no huge deal, visit the dentist, proper? But in the event that they have a dental hassle, they may lose their enamel, this means that dropping loads of their vitamins or being within continual ache.And clearly from a public health point of view fluoridated water is—in fact, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public fitness improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question variety three: are there any pointers or special suggestions for girls who select to devour a plant-primarily based food plan whilst pregnant, and who additionally select to raise children plant primarily based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re ingesting for two it’s simply that much more crucial to get all the nutrition you want, and so it’s essentially all the equal advice you’d give to all of us ingesting a healthy weight-reduction plan, eating a plant-primarily based weight loss plan.
Critically essential: nutrition B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by using plant life.
One’s diet D, that is made by using animals such as your self when you stroll outdoor; it’s the sunshine vitamin.And the alternative one’s vitamin B12.
Not made by flora, no longer made with the aid of animals both; made with the aid of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you already know, we ought to get all of the B12 we wanted drinking well water or out of a mountain or something a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a whole lot of B12 within our water any greater.
Don’t get a number of cholera either. It’s a great aspect that we live within a nice sanitary global, however due to that we need to get a regular reliable supply of B12.Critically vital, mainly for pregnant girls, however for all of us.
During being pregnant iodine’s vital, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s critical, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended daily allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we enhance our youngsters healthy?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the great-promoting books ever, 2nd best to the Bible perhaps in this us of a.
Where in his closing edition he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, endorsed all children be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he could see what the grandparents have been loss of life from and notice this burgeoning formative years weight problems epidemic. So without a doubt we need to raise our kids in the healthiest possible manner.That method not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and an entire food, plant-based weight loss plan—honestly basic, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their legit role paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all degrees of the life-style, such as being pregnant and infancy and on thru old age.So virtually, we must all be raising wholesome children, and in fact, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e-book on elevating vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or things approximately it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why both men and women need now not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All forms of nuttiness out on the internet.If you have a look at the science, even though, it’s virtually just kind of a extremely good medical consensus in phrases of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal studies, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary lines of mice have different consequences. When we sooner or later had human insights, so as an instance breast cancer, you may see worries on the net approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t realize till 2004, the first poll that without a doubt placed it to the test and actually followed breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And within that research and in all of five reviews achieved to date, every single one located that girls with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor fantastic or negative, whether or not they have been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continuously extra survival;put all of them collectively, greater survival, lower cancer recurrence charge.
And so we’ve recognized that consuming soy, specially in the course of adolescence, can reduce the threat of having breast most cancers within the first area, however now we are aware of it’s associated with progressed survival as well. So wait a second.How is that possible when it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s virtually two sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended story:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced through your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a specific sort of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the outcomes of soy on the frame topics at the ratio of those one of a kind receptors and unique organs of the body.And so it genuinely has pro-estrogen effects in which you need it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It surely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, within reviews of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results in which you need it, as an example inside the breast, reducing breast cancer hazard and improving breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for essentially the exceptional of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer risk. And so that you don’t need to devour it;all the legumes are healthful, and i encourage people to consume whole soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a exquisite desire. Tempeh, miso, these are all complete soy meals, in addition to a number of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance within the scientific literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got lots of movies about it. So yeah, you simply don’t trust the craziness you study at the net.Gianna And just for the men obtainable which are worried that they may grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But by using excessive soy—they were actually ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget… I assume a few human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that stage you can absolutely get enough alpha receptor activity to honestly have pro-estrogenic effects. So the answer is not to avoid soy, but no longer drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it might be wholesome. So soy consumption in men is associated with lower prostate cancer threat, that is the number one most cancers killer particular to guys.Gianna good enough, query number five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti-inflammatory diet, no marvel, may be one of the quality nutritional remedies for inflammatory sicknesses within preferred, together with vehicle-immune ailment.So as an example, multiple sclerosis, which is an car-immune disease wherein your frame assaults your very own nerves, the single first-class recorded intervention—medical, surgical, something, no drugs—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-primarily based food regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food plan, so the most effective. So it’s not simply safer, cheaper.No, the simplest remedy ever posted in the peer reviewed clinical medical literature, a plant-based food regimen.
Chron’s disease, identical issue. A poll out of Japan the use of a plant-based weight loss program, a number of the quality relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s disorder is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speaking about objective measures inclusive of grip energy and inflammatory markers inside the blood stream or simply in terms of great of lifestyles for humans laid low with those illnesses. Auto-immune disorder, we just don’t have a number of desirable records for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 research observed that people who eat strictly plant-based totally diets have the best rates of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, meaning normal thyroid function, and so it is able to prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s in no way been any research that clearly placed plant-based diets to the check within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different kinds of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have statistics for, but it might make feel if it works for these kind of different car-immune sicknesses, it works for these different inflammatory diseases, an anti-inflammatory weight-reduction plan might have this effect.And part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We suppose like bowel fitness or something.
It’s just type of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our top intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our intestine. And we used to assume that became simply intestine health, but now we know that our microbiome, our pleasant plants down in our colon sincerely may have results on our immune system, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch found within abundance in best one vicinity: whole plant foods, and some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory outcomes.They’re spoil down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated for the duration of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-primarily based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan based, either taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, really diet B12 is critically crucial for all people eating a healthy weight loss plan, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive supply.Once a week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, but seriously critical from a ordinary reliable source.If you’re no longer getting sufficient sun… Now, in case you’re light skinned enough and young enough and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day solar, you’ll get all of the vitamin D you want.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's miles in case you’re stuck at a desk task all day, now not getting out of doors, in which case you’d need to supplement your weight loss plan with diet D, the sunshine vitamin. I recommend 2,000 international gadgets of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer treatment, going again to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s work.
It became due to the fact—interesting—type of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave human beings an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the sort of stunning results that were originally visible, however they were the usage of oral nutrition C.We used to suppose, nicely, oral diet C is similar to intravenous diet C, but no, our frame honestly clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t depend either manner, you’ll absorb it all. But once your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is about five servings of end result and greens well worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, so they absolutely weren’t uncovered to the identical quantity.And so i've a whole series of videos on intravenous vitamin C for most cancers if you’re inquisitive about that;
I inspire people to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale in a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it terrible for the thyroid to devour them uncooked? Oh, my God.We must devour cruciferous veggies within whichever way receives us to devour the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way will get you to consume the maximum.In reality cruciferous veggies are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak approximately all of the foods I inspire people to get and in shape into their daily ordinary.So, you recognize, greens each day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You realize, the exceptional beverage, the excellent sweeteners, how a whole lot workout to get—just to kind of encourage human beings to try to fit a number of the healthies of healthy ingredients into the food plan.And one of these packing containers I encourage people to tick off every day, you’re no longer going to in shape—you’re no longer going to test off the day unless you get a few shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous veggies, approximately a cup of uncooked.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, all these high-quality veggies. And so essentially however you get them for your food plan, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a wonderful pass-to way to get veggies to your breakfast.
And I type of smash a few white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, got to test those off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, placed them everywhere;so long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most vital component.
Now you may overdo, I imply you can overdo raw cruciferous vegetables that have this so called goitrogenic compounds which can be found within plenty of healthy foods, now not most effective broccoli, however additionally flaxseeds and a number of other healthy matters. But the response is not to avoid those surely healthful ingredients;it’s just to get sufficient iodine because those goitrogenic compounds just intervene with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re absolutely marginally no longer getting sufficient iodine, then consuming a whole lot of broccoli and cruciferous can really affect your levels. So the response, you just make certain you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so that you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then just like darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the extra approaches you could get them into your weight loss program, the better.There became this well-known case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget about, it changed into like literally thousands of kilos of uncooked bok choy, she become on some loopy diet, and actually did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 pounds… good enough, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And look, we’re talking approximately ingredients with medicinal outcomes.I suggest we need to anticipate like if you could consume as a good deal—I suggest if there’s an unlimited amount of some thing that you can be exposed to, probably doesn’t have much “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, appearance, no, some of these ingredients may have effective outcomes on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a positive degree which you need to stay within, but thankfully they’re all without problems through any type of traditional culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, part of the reason that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to take away the phytates.So there has been this thought, based on reports on puppies back inside the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you could do away with the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and you then’d maximize your calcium absorption and different critical minerals. But we now know not simplest is that no longer the case, however phytates are truely wholesome for you, simply beneficial outcomes of phytates, so we have to virtually attempt to get as a lot phytates within our weight loss program as viable, and the way we do that is through consuming our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to devour raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The reason we’d as a substitute not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which can be those glycotoxins associated with expanded danger of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and elevated aging and every type of truly awful matters. And it’s shaped when excessive fats, excessive protein foods are exposed to extremely excessive warmth, dry warmness.And so nearly all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled hen, that sort of element—extremely high.
So in case you look at it, while plant ingredients have almost nothing regardless of what you do—I mean you may grill a bell pepper and you’re not going to provide a problem, but there are rare plant foods which might be high within protein effects, which include nuts, which include soy. So we should in reality, ideally ought to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer a very good idea on a everyday foundation due to those a while.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, genuinely complete nuts are better because you certainly chunk all the way down to little particles—no matter how properly you chew, you typically simplest fracture down to approximately 2 mm, which is one thousand times larger than the particles observed in nut butters.And the cause that’s essential is due to the fact the ones cellular partitions and people little cubes, which incorporate hundreds of lots of intact walls, virtually guard all the vitamins internal from absorption in your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut flowers.
So whilst we devour just acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we eat 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t do away with the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving little or no for our gut plant life at the stop.
Whereas if you devour whole intact grains or whole beans, then there's virtually those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our accurate bacteria, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, where can we get terrific assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral seller communicate. Somebody must look at crop nutrient decline over the last half century, perhaps 15%.So humans looking to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just due to the fact they’re seeking to promote you some thing.
We can without a doubt observe the information; the USDA tracks vitamins inside the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, ok, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli rather than a 1/2 century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For folks that say anyone’s exclusive, so we all require exceptional diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice on this, and does an entire meals, plant-based totally food regimen assist us stay longer, more healthy lives, everybody? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss program and there’s a lemur diet.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy weight-reduction plan.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s obviously tuned to our biology. We evolved for millions of years.So we broke from our ultimate exquisite ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow excellent apes ate, which is largely veggies and fruit. We have been a plant-based totally eating regimen, nearly solely plant-based weight-reduction plan, and handiest inside the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we start knowing how to make gear and hunting, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting whole meals, plant based totally—so no wonder that the equal form of weight-reduction plan that reverses heart disease, the number one killer of men and women, is the equal weight loss program that still reverses diabetes, and the identical weight loss plan that reverses high blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory weight loss program is a food regimen that allows your arteries everywhere for the duration of your frame.I suggest, look, if that’s all a plant-primarily based diet could do, reverse the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be sort of the default food plan till demonstrated otherwise?
In fact that it is able to additionally prevent or reverse different main killers might seem to make the case for plant-primarily based ingesting truly overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing sources with them.
So every now and then it’s tough; people placed up their defenses when someone tries—when everyone comes to us with some new concept that conflicts with what we trust, there’s just this type of herbal reaction to kind of want to hold on.That’s why sharing sort of 1/3-birthday celebration resources:
“Here’s a exceptional documentary, right here’s a superb website, right here’s a brilliant book,” after which they are able to type of take it within on themselves, and then form of the motivation comes from through in preference to feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s one in all my favourite approaches.And share excellent meals!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I live that long or simply feel like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s truely the quality of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes great and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based consuming is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?