Therapeutic Nutrition Of Patients (15+ Diets)

Good nutrition depends on the qualitative composition of food, its mass and volume, culinary processing and intake regimen. Therapeutic nutrition of patients. Get 15+ healthy diets.

 

NUTRITION OF THE SICK

Good nutrition depends on the qualitative composition of food, its mass and volume, culinary processing and intake regimen.

Food products consist of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water. Metabolism is the source of energy for the body. During the oxidation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, heat is released, measured in calories. 1 g of protein and 1 g of carbohydrates release 4.1 kilocalories (kcal), 1 g of fat - 9.3 kcal. To calculate calories, there are special tables indicating the amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and calories per 100 g of product.

The calorie content of the daily diet is determined taking into account the norm of body weight, age, work performed, the nature of the disease, the prescribed regimen. With excess body weight, caloric content is reduced, with insufficient - increased.

HEALING NUTRITION DIETS

 

Diet. In medical institutions, a 4-time diet is established. For patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and some diseases of the cardiovascular system, 5-6 meals a day are provided. The calorie content of the daily diet is distributed fairly evenly. The evening should not account for more than 25-30% of daily calories. Breaks between meals do not exceed 4 hours.

Diet number 1

Indications: peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum during the recovery period after a sharp exacerbation and with a mild exacerbation; mild exacerbation of chronic gastritis with preserved or increased secretion; acute gastritis during the recovery period.

Purpose of appointment: moderate (chemical, mechanical and thermal) sparing of the gastrointestinal tract with good nutrition, reduction of inflammation, improvement of healing of ulcers, normalization of the secretory and motor functions of the stomach.

General characteristics: in terms of energy value, content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a physiologically complete diet, strong causative agents of gastric secretion, irritants of its mucous membrane, which linger in the stomach for a long time and difficult to digest foods and dishes, are limited. Food is cooked mostly pureed, boiled in water or steamed. Some dishes are baked without a crust. Fish and coarse meats can be served whole. Salt is moderately limited. Very cold and hot dishes are excluded. Diet: 5-6 times a day. Drink milk and cream before going to bed.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90-100 g (60% animals), fats - 100 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-420 g, kilocalories - 2800-3000 (11760-12600 kJ); table salt - 10-12 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 1 A

Indications: a sharp exacerbation of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in the first 6-8 days of treatment; a sharp exacerbation of chronic gastritis in the first days of treatment; acute gastritis on the 2nd-4th day of treatment.

The purpose of the appointment: maximum (mechanical, chemical and thermal) sparing of the gastrointestinal tract, reducing inflammation, improving the healing of ulcers, providing nutrition in bed.

General characteristics: a diet of reduced energy value due to carbohydrates and partly proteins and fats. The amount of sodium chloride (table salt) is limited. Foods and dishes that stimulate the secretion of the stomach and irritate its mucous membrane are excluded. Food is prepared in a mashed form, boiled in water or steamed, given in a liquid and mushy state. Exclude very cold and hot dishes. Diet: 6 times a day in small portions. Take milk at night.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 80 g (60-70% animals), fats - 80-90 g (20% vegetable), carbohydrates - 200 g, kilocalories - 1900-2000 (7980-8400 kJ); table salt - 8 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet No. 1 B

Indications: peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum or chronic gastritis after diet No. 1a.

The purpose of the appointment: a significant (mechanical, chemical and thermal) sparing of the gastrointestinal tract, reducing inflammation, improving the healing of ulcers, providing good nutrition with half-bed rest.

General characteristics: the energy value of the diet is slightly reduced due to carbohydrates with a normal content of proteins and fats; products and dishes that stimulate the secretion of the stomach and irritate its mucous membrane are sharply limited. Food is cooked in water or steamed, rubbed, given in a semi-liquid or puree form. The amount of salt is limited. Exclude very cold and hot dishes. Diet: 6 times a day. Take milk at night.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90 g (60-70% animals), fats - 90-95 g (25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 300-350 g, kilocalories - 2500-2600 (10500-10920 kJ); salt - 8-10 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 2

Indications: chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency with a mild exacerbation and in the recovery stage after an exacerbation; acute gastritis, enteritis, colitis during the recovery period as a transition to rational nutrition; chronic enteritis and colitis after and without exacerbation without concomitant diseases of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas or gastritis with preserved or increased secretion.

The purpose of the appointment: to provide good nutrition, moderately stimulate the secretory function of the digestive system, normalize the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract.

General characteristics: physiologically complete diet with moderate mechanical sparing and moderate stimulation of the secretion of the digestive organs. Showing dishes of varying degrees of grinding and heat treatment - boiled, stewed, baked, fried without the formation of a rough crust (do not bread in breadcrumbs or flour); pureed dishes from foods rich in connective tissue or fiber. Foods and dishes that linger in the stomach for a long time, are difficult to digest, irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, very cold and hot dishes, and spicy seasonings are excluded.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90-100 g (60% animals), fats - 90-100 g (25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-420 g, kilocalories - 2800-3000 (11760-12600 kJ); table salt - up to 15 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 3

Indications: chronic bowel disease with constipation with mild or fading exacerbation and without exacerbation.

Purpose of appointment: normalization of impaired bowel functions and metabolic processes associated with these disorders in the body.

General characteristics: a physiologically complete diet with the inclusion of foods and dishes that enhance motor function and bowel movements (vegetables, fresh and dried fruits, cereals, cereals, sour-milk drinks, etc.). Foods and dishes that increase fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines and adversely affect other digestive organs (rich in fats, fried foods, etc.) are excluded. Food is cooked raw, in water, steamed, or baked. Vegetables and fruits are consumed raw and boiled. The diet includes cold first and sweet dishes, drinks. Diet: 4-6 times a day. In the morning, it is desirable to take cold water with honey or juice of fruits and vegetables, at night - kefir, compotes from fresh or dried fruits, fresh fruits, prunes.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90-100 g (55% animals), fats - 90-100 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-420 g, kilocalories - 2800-3000 (11760-12600 kJ); table salt - 15 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 4

Indications: acute diseases and a sharp exacerbation of chronic intestinal diseases with severe diarrhea.

Purpose of appointment: to provide nutrition in case of indigestion, reduce inflammation, fermentation and putrefactive processes in the intestines, contribute to the normalization of the functions of the intestines and other digestive organs.

General characteristics: a diet of low energy value due to fats and carbohydrates with a normal protein content with a sharp limitation of mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli of the gastrointestinal tract. Products that enhance the secretion of the digestive organs, the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestine are excluded; dishes are liquid, semi-liquid, pureed, boiled in water or steamed, as well as very cold and hot dishes. Diet: 5-6 times a day in small portions.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90 g (60-65% animals), fats - 70 g, carbohydrates - 250 g (40-50 g of sugar), kilocalories - 2000 (8400 kJ), table salt - 8-10 g, free liquid - 1.5 - 2 liters.

Diet number 4 A

Indications: acute bowel disease in the period of improvement; chronic bowel disease after a sharp exacerbation or with a mild exacerbation, as well as in combination with damage to other digestive organs.

Purpose of appointment: to provide moderate nutrition in conditions of moderately disturbed digestion, to help reduce inflammation and normalize the functions of the intestines, as well as other digestive organs. General characteristics: in terms of energy value and chemical composition, a complete diet with a slight increase in protein content. Recommended dishes are mashed and chopped, boiled in water or steamed. Excluded are foods and dishes that increase putrefaction and fermentation in the intestines, as well as sharply stimulate the secretion of the stomach, pancreas, bile secretion and irritate the liver. Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 100-110 g (60-65% animals), fats - 100 g (mainly butter), carbohydrates - 400-420 g (50-70 g of sugar), kilocalories - 2900-3000 ( 12180-12600 kJ); table salt - 8-10 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 4 B

Indications: acute bowel diseases during the recovery period as a transition to rational nutrition; chronic bowel disease during the period of attenuation of exacerbation, as well as without exacerbation with concomitant lesions of other digestive organs.

The purpose of the appointment: to provide good nutrition with some insufficiency of bowel function, which will contribute to its restoration and the activity of other digestive organs.

General characteristics: a physiologically complete diet with a slight increase in protein content and a moderate restriction of sodium chloride, mechanical and chemical irritants of the intestines, excluding foods and dishes that increase fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, sharply increase its secretory and motor functions, secretion of the stomach, pancreas, bile secretion. Food is cooked unground, steamed, boiled in water or baked. Diet: 5 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 100-120 g (60% animals), fats - 100 g (15-20% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-420 g, kilocalories - 2900-3000 (12180-12600 kJ); table salt - 10 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 5

Indications: acute hepatitis and cholecystitis in the recovery stage; chronic hepatitis without exacerbation; cirrhosis of the liver without its insufficiency; chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis without exacerbation (in all cases - without severe diseases of the stomach and intestines).

The purpose of the appointment: chemical sparing of the liver in conditions of good nutrition, promoting the normalization of the functions of the liver and biliary tract, improving bile secretion.

General characteristics: physiologically normal content of proteins and carbohydrates with a slight restriction of fats (mainly refractory). Products with a high content of lipotropic substances, fiber, pectins, liquids are recommended. Foods rich in nitrogenous extractives, purines, cholesterol, oxalic acid and fat oxidation products that occur during frying are contraindicated. Dishes are cooked boiled, baked, occasionally stewed. Wipe only sinewy meat and fiber-rich vegetables; flour and vegetables are not passivated. Very cold dishes are excluded. Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90-100 g (60% animals), fats - 80-90 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-450 g (70-80 g of sugar), kilocalories - 2800-2900 (11760- 12180 kJ); table salt - 10 g, free liquid - 1.5-2 liters. You can include xylitol and sorbitol (25-40 g).

Diet number 5 A

Indications for use: acute hepatitis and cholecystitis, exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, liver cirrhosis in the compensation stage, as well as other diseases in accordance with the intended purpose of the diet.

The purpose of the appointment: maximum sparing of the affected organs and ensuring good nutrition in conditions of a pronounced violation of the functional ability of the liver and biliary tract due to inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic processes in the liver cells and organs of bile secretion; normalization of the functional capacity of the liver and biliary organs, as well as those organs that are most often involved in the pathological process (stomach, duodenum, pancreas, intestines).

General characteristics: a physiologically complete diet, with a moderate restriction of fats and salt, mechanical and chemical irritants of the mucous membrane and receptor apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract, with the exception of foods and dishes that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, as well as strong stimulants of bile secretion, gastric secretion , pancreas, substances that irritate the liver (extractive substances, organic acids, foods rich in essential oils, organic acids, cholesterol, purines, fried foods containing products of incomplete breakdown of fat). All dishes are boiled or steamed. Separate baked dishes without a rough crust are allowed. Food is given mostly pureed, pureed soups or with finely chopped vegetables and well-boiled cereals. Diet:

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 100 g (60% animals), fats - 70-80 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 350-400 g, kilocalories - 2500-2800 (10500-11760 kJ); table salt - 8-10 g, free liquid - 1.5-2 liters.

Diet number 5 B

Indications: chronic pancreatitis during the recovery period after exacerbation and without exacerbation.

Purpose of appointment: normalization of pancreatic function, mechanical and chemical sparing of the stomach and intestines, reduction of excitability of the gallbladder, prevention of fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreas.

General characteristics: a diet with a high protein content, a decrease in fats and carbohydrates, in particular sugar, with a sharp restriction of extractives, purines, refractory fats, cholesterol, essential oils, coarse fiber. Increased amount of vitamins and lipotropic substances. Dishes are cooked mainly in pureed and chopped form, in water or steamed, baked. Fried, very cold and hot dishes are excluded. Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 110-120 g (60-65% animals), fats - 80 g (15-20% vegetable), carbohydrates - 350-400 g (30-40 g sugar), kilocalories - 2600-2700 (10920-11340 kJ); table salt - 10 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

PREMIUM CHAPTERS ▼

Diet number 6 (PREMIUM)

Indications: gout and urolithiasis with the formation of stones from uric acid salts (uraturia).

Purpose of appointment: normalization of purine metabolism, reduction of the formation of uric acid and its sediments in the body, shift of the urine reaction to the alkaline side.

General characteristics: the exclusion of products containing many purines, oxalic acid; moderate salt restriction, an increase in the amount of alkalizing products (dairy, vegetables and fruits) and free fluid (in the absence of contraindications from the cardiovascular system). A slight decrease in the diet of proteins and fats (mainly refractory), and with concomitant obesity - and carbohydrates. Culinary processing is usual, excluding the obligatory boiling of meat, poultry and fish. Food temperature is normal. Diet: 5-6 times a day, in between and on an empty stomach - drink.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 70-80 g (50% animals), fats - 80-90 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400 g (80 g sugar), kilocalories - 2700-2800 (11340-11760 kJ) ; table salt - 10 g, free liquid - 1.5-2 liters or more.

Diet number 7 (PREMIUM)

Indications: acute nephritis during the recovery period (from the 3rd-4th week of treatment), chronic nephritis without exacerbation and kidney failure.

Purpose of appointment: moderate sparing of kidney function, reduction of hypertension and edema, improvement of excretion of nitrogenous and other metabolic products from the body.

General characteristics: the content of proteins is somewhat limited, fats and carbohydrates are within physiological norms; food is cooked without salt. Salt is given to the patient in the amount indicated by the doctor (3-6 g, no more). The amount of free fluid is reduced to an average of 1 liter. Limit meat, fish, mushrooms as sources of extractives, oxalic acid and essential oils, use them only in boiled form (100-150 g). Food is taken warm. Diet: 4-5 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 80 g (50-80% animals), fats - 90-100 g (25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-450 g (80-90 g sugar), kilocalories - 2700-2900 (11340 —12180 kJ); table salt - 3-6 g, free liquid - 0.9-1.1 l.

Diet number 7 A (PREMIUM)

Indications: severe acute nephritis after fasting days and moderate severity from the first days of illness, chronic nephritis with severe renal failure.

Purpose of appointment: maximum sparing of kidney function, improvement of excretion of metabolic products from the body, reduction of hypertension and edema. General characteristics: predominantly plant-based salt-free diet with a sharp restriction of proteins; the amount of fats and carbohydrates is moderately reduced. Exclude products rich in extractives, essential oils, oxalic acid. Products are boiled, baked, easily fried. Food is cooked without salt, bread is salt-free. Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 20 g (50-60% animals, and in chronic kidney failure - 70-75%), fats - 80 g (15% vegetable), carbohydrates - 350 g (80 g sugar), kilocalories - 2100–2200 (8820–9240 kJ); table salt is excluded, free liquid is equal to the daily amount of urine.

Diet number 7 B (PREMIUM)

Indications: acute nephritis after diet No. 7a or immediately with a mild form, chronic nephritis with moderate kidney failure.

Purpose of appointment: the same as with diet No. 7a.

General characteristics: a diet with a significant reduction in protein and a sharp restriction of salt; fats, carbohydrates - within the physiological norm. Food is prepared without salt. Compared with diet No. 7a, the amount of protein was increased by 2 times, mainly due to the inclusion of 125 g (gross) of meat or fish, 1 egg, up to 125 g of milk and sour cream. Meat and fish can be replaced with cottage cheese. Diet #7b also increased protein-free, salt-free cornstarch bread, sago (or rice), as well as potatoes and vegetables, sugar, and vegetable oil to 150g to ensure proper fat and carbohydrate content. Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 40-50 g (50-60% animals, and in chronic kidney failure - 70-75%), fats - 85-90 g (20-25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 450 g (100 g of sugar), kilocalories - 2600-2800 (10920-11760 kJ); table salt is excluded, free liquid is equal to the daily amount of urine.

Diet number 8 (PREMIUM)

Indications: obesity as a primary disease or concomitant with other diseases that do not require special diets.

Purpose of appointment: influence on metabolism to eliminate excess fat deposits.

General characteristics: the energy value of the diet is reduced due to carbohydrates, easily digestible fats (mainly animal fats) with a normal or slightly increased protein content; free liquid, table salt and appetizing foods and dishes are limited. The food is warm, the dishes are cooked boiled, stewed, baked. Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 89 g, fats - 45 g, carbohydrates - 104 g; table salt - 5-10 g, free liquid - 1-1.2 liters.

Diet number 9 (PREMIUM)

Indications: mild, moderate and severe diabetes mellitus without concomitant diseases with normal or slightly overweight.

Purpose of appointment: normalization of carbohydrate metabolism and prevention of lipid metabolism disorders, determination of the amount of digestible carbohydrates.

General characteristics: a diet with a moderately reduced energy value due to easily digestible carbohydrates and animal fats; proteins correspond to the physiological norm; sugar and sweets are excluded. Moderately limited content of salt, cholesterol, extractives; increased content of lipotropic substances, vitamins, dietary fiber (cottage cheese, lean fish, seafood, vegetables, fruits, whole grain cereals, wholemeal bread). Boiled and baked products are preferred, less often fried and stewed. Xylitol and sorbitol are used for sweet foods and drinks. The food is warm. Diet: 5-6 times a day with an even distribution of carbohydrates.

Chemical composition and energy value:

Option 1: proteins - 90-100 g (55% animals), fats - 75-80 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 300-350 g, kilocalories - 2300-2500 (9660-10500 kJ); table salt - 12 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

2nd option: proteins - 79.9 g, fats - 31 g, carbohydrates - 84.7 g, kilocalories - 900-1000 (3780-4200 kJ).

3rd option: proteins - 67.4 g, fats - 50.2 g, carbohydrates - 270.3 g, kilocalories - 1800-2000 (7560-8400 kJ).

4th option: proteins - 159 g, fats - 110 g, carbohydrates - 470 g, kilocalories - 3557 (14939 kJ).

Diet number 10 (PREMIUM)

Indications: diseases of the cardiovascular system with circulatory failure I-II A degree.

Purpose of appointment: improvement of blood circulation, functioning of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys, normalization of metabolism, sparing of the cardiovascular system and digestive organs.

General characteristics: a slight decrease in energy value due to fats and partly carbohydrates; a significant restriction of the amount of salt, a decrease in fluid intake. The content of substances that excite the cardiovascular and nervous systems, irritate the liver and kidneys, unnecessarily burden the gastrointestinal tract, and contribute to flatulence is limited. Increased content of potassium, magnesium, lipotropic substances, products that have an alkalizing effect (dairy, vegetables, fruits). Indigestible foods are excluded. Food is cooked without salt, consumed warm. Diet: 5 times a day in even portions.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90 g (55-60% animals), fats - 70 g (25-30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 350-400 g, kilocalories - 2500-2600 (10500-10920 kJ); table salt - 6-7 g, free liquid - 1.2 l.

Diet number 10 A (PREMIUM)

Indications: diseases of the cardiovascular system with circulatory failure II B - III degree.

Purpose of appointment: improvement of blood circulation, functioning of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, normalization of metabolism due to the removal of accumulated metabolic products from the body, sparing of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, digestive organs.

General characteristics: the diet helps to reduce the energy value of food due to proteins, carbohydrates and especially fats. Food is prepared without salt, bread is also salt-free. Foods and substances that excite the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, irritate the liver and kidneys, burden the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to flatulence (extractive substances of meat and fish, fiber, cholesterol, fats, tea, coffee, etc.) are sharply limited. A sufficient amount of potassium, lipotropic substances, alkalizing body products (dairy, fruits, vegetables) are needed. Dishes are cooked in boiled and mashed form, they are given a sour or sweet taste, flavored. Fried, very cold and hot dishes are excluded. Diet: 6 times a day in small portions.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 60 g (70% animals), fats - 50 g (20-25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 300 g (70-80 g of sugar and other sweets), kilocalories - 1900 (7980 kJ); table salt is excluded, free liquid - 0.6-0.7 liters.

Diet number 10 And (PREMIUM)

Indications: myocardial infarction.

Purpose of appointment: to promote recovery processes in the heart muscle, improve blood circulation and metabolism, reduce the load on the cardiovascular system, normalize the motor function of the intestine.

General characteristics: a diet with a significant decrease in energy value due to proteins, carbohydrates and especially fats, a decrease in the volume of food, restriction of salt and free fluid. Excluded indigestible, causing fermentation in the intestines and flatulence, rich in extractives, cholesterol, animal fats and sugar products. Foods rich in lipotropic substances, vitamins C and P, potassium are useful, as well as gently stimulating intestinal motility, which is especially important for constipation. Diet number 10 and consists of three sequentially prescribed diets. Ration I is needed in the acute period (1st week); II- in the subacute period (2-3rd week); III - during the scarring period (4th week). Ration I involves mashed dishes, II - mostly chopped; III - crushed and a piece. Products are boiled without salt. Avoid cold food and drinks. Diet: 6 times a day with diet I-II, 5 times a day in small portions with diet III.

Chemical composition and energy value:

I diet: proteins - 50 g, fats - 30-40 g, carbohydrates - 150-200 g, kilocalories - 1100-1300 (4620-5460 kJ); table salt is excluded, free liquid - 0.7-0.8 liters.

II diet: proteins - 60-70 g, fats - 50-60 g, carbohydrates - 230-250 g, kilocalories - 1600-1800 (6720-7560 kJ); table salt - 3 g, free liquid - 0.9-1.0 l.

III diet: proteins - 85-90 g, fats - 70 g, carbohydrates - 300-350 g, kilocalories - 2200-2400 (9240-10080 kJ); table salt - 5-6 g, free liquid - 1-1.1 l.

Diet number 11 (PREMIUM)

Indications: tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, joints with mild exacerbation or its attenuation, with reduced body weight (exhaustion after infectious diseases, operations, injuries), in all cases in the absence of lesions of the digestive system. Variants of diet No. 11 were developed taking into account the localization and nature of the tuberculosis process, the state of the digestive organs, and the presence of complications.

The purpose of the appointment: improving the nutrition of the body, increasing its defenses, strengthening the recovery processes in the affected organ.

General characteristics: a high-calorie diet that increases the body's content of animal proteins, lipotropic substances, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins. Diet: 5 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 110-130 g (60% animals), fats - 100-120 g (20-25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-450 g, kilocalories - 3000-3400 (12600-14280 kJ); table salt - 15 g, free liquid - 1.5 l.

Diet number 13 (PREMIUM)

Indications: acute infectious diseases.

The purpose of the appointment: maintaining the general strength of the body and increasing its resistance to infection, reducing intoxication, sparing the digestive organ in a feverish state and bed rest.

General characteristics: a diet of reduced energy value by reducing fats, carbohydrates and, to a lesser extent, proteins; with a high content of vitamins and liquids. Easily digestible foods and dishes that do not contribute to flatulence and constipation are preferred. Food is cooked in chopped and pureed form, boiled in water or steamed. Dishes are served hot or cold. Diet: 5-6 times a day in small portions.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 75-80 g (60-70% animals, especially dairy), fats - 60-70 g (15% vegetable), carbohydrates - 300-350 g (30% easily digestible), kilocalories - 2200- 2300 (9240-9860 kJ); table salt - 8-10 g (increase the amount with severe sweating, profuse vomiting), free liquid - 2 liters or more.

Diet number 14 (PREMIUM)

Indications: urolithiasis with alkaline urine reaction with precipitation of phosphorus-calcium salts (phosphaturia).

The purpose of the appointment: to restore the acid reaction of urine and thereby create an obstacle to the formation of sediment.

General characteristics: in terms of energy value, content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the diet corresponds to physiological norms; alkalizing and calcium-rich foods (dairy, most vegetables and fruits) are limited in the diet; products that change the reaction of urine to the acid side predominate (bread and flour products, cereals, meat, fish). Food is taken warm. In the absence of contraindications, drinking plenty of water is recommended. Diet: 4-5 times a day, in between and on an empty stomach - drink.

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90 g, fats - 100 g, carbohydrates - 380-400 g, kilocalories - 2800-3000 (11760-12600 kJ); table salt - 10-12 g, free liquid - 1.5-2 liters.

Diet number 15 (PREMIUM)

Indications: various diseases that do not require special therapeutic diets and without disorders of the digestive system; a transitional diet to a normal diet during the recovery period and after using therapeutic diets.

The purpose of the appointment: providing physiologically complete nutrition.

General characteristics: the energy value and the content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates almost completely correspond to the nutritional standards of a healthy person who is not engaged in physical labor. Vitamins are administered in an increased amount. Food is taken warm. The most indigestible and spicy foods are excluded from the diet. Diet: 4 times a day.

 

Chemical composition and energy value: proteins - 90-95 g (55% animals), fats 100-105 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400 g, kilocalories - 2800-2900 (11760-12180 kJ); table salt - 15 g, free liquid - 1.5-2 liters.