Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about tips healthy diet. In this article we'll discuss tips healthy diet.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a medical doctor, that specialize in way of life medication the use of food regimen and exercise no longer only save you ailment, but to treat and opposite it as properly.
And all of it virtually goes lower back to my grandma. You recognise, I think the spark for lots children to want to be a health practitioner after they grow up is looking a grandparent get ill or maybe die, however for me become watching my grandma get better.She become recognized with stop level heart sickness.
Already had such a lot of pass surgeries, not anything greater the doctors ought to do. She became sent domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early way of life medicine pioneers, and what occurred subsequent is clearly exact within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She was strolling 10 miles a day, and even though she became given her clinical dying sentence at age 65, thanks to a wholesome diet changed into able to experience some other 31 years in the world to age 96, to maintain to experience her six grandkids such as me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I exercise the form of remedy I do, life-style medication.
I just want to do on your own family what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s splendid. First question:how a great deal fat and protein can we want every day?
What are the fine sources? And how a great deal must athletes be ingesting?Well, you understand, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro nutrients.You want Paleo junk meals, we’ll provide you with vegan junk food, we’ll come up with fat loose junk meals, we’ll provide you with… I suggest any type of junk meals you need because it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about anything particular component, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all these things, and that gives us this kind of fitness halo, when within fact it should all be about meals. And the purpose humans don’t communicate about food is there’s no cash to be made in meals.In reality, offer is going awful;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to put an ad on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you understand, they’ll simply buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re by no means going to peer an ad on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not wherein the profit is. The gadget is installation to praise just the unhealthiest but maximum worthwhile behavior.And so, I imply, so that’s just kind of falling into the meals enterprise’s trap to speak of sort of this reductionist view of vitamins in place of meals.
Like what’s the quality meals, right?Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you may’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to talk like that, however it in reality has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, what else is within dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats in this USA.
People suppose like steak or something. No, the number one supply of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one supply of calcium, but yes, there’s protein within red meat, yes, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I imply as lots as Burger King says you can “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however hold the saturated fats, maintain the hormones, maintain the ldl cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a package deal— food is a package deal. So the component about that, so if you get your calcium from, , dark inexperienced leafy vegetables alternatively, then it’s like, well, the baggage is truely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things missing from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose within phrases of food. So if you question me what are the excellent ingredients that manifest to have fats within them, well, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you just get the bonus as opposed to the bags.In phrases of protein sources, anybody who doesn’t recognise the way to get protein on a plant-primarily based food plan doesn’t realize beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then additionally some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all forms of things.So complete plant foods are the healthiest way to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s genuinely, I think, how we should think about the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technology around that. Distilled water just sort of appears a waste of electricity to me.I imply it’s the identical component with like, you understand, kind of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a very type of wasteful procedure. But you can eliminate some little hint minerals, however that’s not truely the difficulty.I suggest faucet water is typically the most inexpensive, safest source of ingesting water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t grow antique and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride even though?
It’s not necessary, however from a public fitness perspective—rich humans can go to the dentist and have enough money all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their tooth—but from a public health scale, I suggest that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no large deal, visit the dentist, right? But if they have a dental hassle, they could lose their enamel, this means that losing a whole lot of their nutrition or being within continual ache.And honestly from a public health standpoint fluoridated water is—in reality, in line with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any pointers or unique pointers for women who choose to eat a plant-based food plan even as pregnant, and who also pick to raise children plant based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re ingesting for 2 it’s just that rather more crucial to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s basically all of the identical recommendation you’d supply to everyone consuming a healthy food regimen, ingesting a plant-based food regimen.
Critically critical: nutrition B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made via flowers.
One’s nutrition D, which is made by means of animals together with your self while you stroll out of doors; it’s the sunshine vitamin.And the alternative one’s vitamin B12.
Not made through plant life, now not made by animals both; made by using little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you understand, we could get all the B12 we wished consuming well water or out of a mountain or something a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a number of B12 within our water any extra.
Don’t get a whole lot of cholera either. It’s an excellent factor that we live within a pleasant sanitary world, but because of that we need to get a regular dependable supply of B12.Critically critical, specially for pregnant girls, but for everybody.
During pregnancy iodine’s important, a mineral often missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s vital, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we increase our children healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the nice-promoting books ever, 2d best to the Bible possibly on this United States.
Where within his final edition he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, recommended all youngsters be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he should see what the grandparents had been dying from and notice this burgeoning early life obesity epidemic. So truly we should boost our youngsters inside the healthiest viable way.That way now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That approach having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the domestic, and an entire food, plant-based totally weight loss program—simply fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their reputable position paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all degrees of the lifestyle, such as being pregnant and infancy and on via antique age.So virtually, we should all be raising healthful youngsters, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a book on elevating vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or matters approximately it. Gianna adequate, quantity four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each men and women need not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out on the internet.If you study the technological know-how, though, it’s sincerely just sort of a exquisite scientific consensus within terms of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal reviews, it depends in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary lines of mice have one of a kind consequences. When we sooner or later had human statistics, so as an instance breast cancer, you may see concerns on the net about, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize until 2004, the primary poll that simply placed it to the take a look at and actually accompanied breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that statistic and within all of five experiences accomplished up to now, every single one determined that women with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor fantastic or terrible, whether they had been on Tamoxifen or not—all continuously extra survival;positioned all of them collectively, greater survival, lower cancer recurrence rate.
And so we’ve known that consuming soy, specially at some stage in adolescence, can lessen the threat of having breast most cancers within the first region, but now we understand it’s related to advanced survival as nicely. So wait a 2d.How is that possible when it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s genuinely kinds of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted story:alpha, beta—so essentially your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a different kind of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the consequences of soy on the frame subjects on the ratio of these unique receptors and specific organs of the frame.And so it surely has pro-estrogen results wherein you want it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It definitely reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, for instance, in studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic effects wherein you want it, for instance inside the breast, reducing breast most cancers hazard and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate time period for basically the high-quality of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers threat. And so that you don’t have to consume it;all of the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage human beings to devour complete soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a tremendous desire. Tempeh, miso, these are all whole soy foods, as well as some of the greater processed stuff.And so you look within the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given heaps of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you simply don’t accept as true with the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And only for the males out there which are involved that they could grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But via immoderate soy—they have been literally drinking gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I suppose a few people, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you may virtually get enough alpha receptor pastime to honestly have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the answer isn't always to avoid soy, however now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it would be wholesome. So soy intake within guys is related to lower prostate most cancers hazard, that's the primary most cancers killer particular to guys.Gianna good enough, query wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti-inflammatory diet, no marvel, may be one of the high-quality nutritional remedies for inflammatory sicknesses within wellknown, which include vehicle-immune sickness.So for example, more than one sclerosis, that is an automobile-immune ailment wherein your body assaults your own nerves, the unmarried nice recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, something, no pills—have ever crushed out a plant-primarily based weight loss plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss program, so the only. So it’s not simply safer, inexpensive.No, the simplest remedy ever posted in the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-based totally weight loss program.
Chron’s ailment, same element. A study out of Japan using a plant-based weight-reduction plan, some of the excellent relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme approximately goal measures such as grip electricity and inflammatory markers inside the blood circulation or simply within terms of nice of existence for humans stricken by those sicknesses. Auto-immune ailment, we just don’t have a number of appropriate information for.We have records, so the Adventist 2 statistic found that folks that devour strictly plant-primarily based diets have the very best shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, meaning regular thyroid feature, and so it can prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s in no way been any study that absolutely put plant-based diets to the check within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different forms of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have facts for, but it would make feel if it works for all these other vehicle-immune illnesses, it works for those different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti inflammatory diet would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could suppose fiber?We assume like bowel fitness or some thing.
It’s just type of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our properly intestine micro organism can.
We have trillions of micro organism in our gut. And we used to suppose that changed into just intestine health, but now we recognise that our microbiome, our pleasant flowers down within our colon virtually could have results on our immune gadget, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch discovered within abundance in most effective one region: entire plant foods, and a number of these compounds have anti inflammatory results.They’re spoil down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated at some point of your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-primarily based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on nutrients and supplements, vegan primarily based, either taken orally or intravenously like nutrition C drips? Well, in reality vitamin B12 is seriously important for everybody ingesting a wholesome food plan, so I’d advise 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, which is the most inexpensive supply.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, but severely vital from a normal reliable supply.If you’re now not getting sufficient sun… Now, in case you’re light skinned sufficient and young enough and skinny sufficient and live at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the diet D you need.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it is if you’re stuck at a table process all day, not getting outdoor, in which case you’d want to supplement your eating regimen with diet D, the light nutrition. I advise 2,000 global gadgets of vitamin D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous diet C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going returned to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s work.
It became due to the fact—thrilling—kind of debunked through Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave people an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the kind of marvelous results that had been at the beginning seen, but they have been using oral nutrition C.We used to suppose, nicely, oral nutrition C is similar to intravenous vitamin C, but no, our body without a doubt clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t matter either manner, you’ll absorb all of it. But as soon as your body gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of end result and veggies really worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your frame begins clamping down on absorption, in order that they certainly weren’t exposed to the equal quantity.And so i've an entire shows of videos on intravenous vitamin C for most cancers in case you’re interested by that;
I encourage humans to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale within a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it bad for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We need to eat cruciferous veggies within whichever manner receives us to eat the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to devour the maximum.In reality cruciferous veggies are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate approximately all the foods I encourage humans to get and healthy into their day by day recurring.So, you understand, veggies each day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the fine beverage, the exceptional sweeteners, how a whole lot workout to get—just to type of inspire humans to try to fit a number of the healthies of healthful ingredients into the food regimen.And one of these containers I encourage human beings to tick off every day, you’re now not going to suit—you’re now not going to check off the day unless you get a few form of cruciferous greens, which is set a half of cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, these kinds of exceptional greens. And so basically but you get them for your weight loss program, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a incredible go-to way to get vegetables in your breakfast.
And I sort of smash some white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to check those off. But, yeah, positioned them within a smoothie, put them everywhere;so long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most critical factor.
Now you can overdo, I imply you could overdo raw cruciferous greens that have this so known as goitrogenic compounds which are discovered within plenty of healthy foods, no longer best broccoli, however also flaxseeds and some of other healthy things. But the answer isn't always to keep away from these certainly wholesome meals;it’s simply to get sufficient iodine because those goitrogenic compounds just intervene with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So if you’re truely marginally now not getting enough iodine, then consuming plenty of broccoli and cruciferous can genuinely affect your levels. So the response, you simply make certain you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then just like darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the greater ways you could get them into your weight-reduction plan, the higher.There was this well-known case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I neglect, it become like actually hundreds of kilos of raw bok choy, she become on some loopy eating regimen, and in fact did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 kilos… adequate, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire human beings, proper. And look, we’re speaking approximately foods with medicinal outcomes.I mean we need to count on like if you can devour as tons—I suggest if there’s an infinite amount of something that you can be exposed to, likely doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the reality that, appearance, no, a number of these ingredients can have effective consequences on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a certain degree that you want to stay within, however fortuitously they’re all without difficulty through any type of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the purpose that people soak or sprout nuts is to eliminate the phytates.So there has been this concept, based on experiences on puppies back inside the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you can put off the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to dispose of the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and different vital minerals. But we now know now not only is that no longer the case, however phytates are in reality healthy for you, simply beneficial consequences of phytates, so we should virtually try and get as a good deal phytates within our eating regimen as feasible, and the manner we do that is via consuming our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to devour uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d as a substitute now not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which can be those glycotoxins associated with improved danger of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and extended getting older and all types of really horrific things. And it’s formed when excessive fats, high protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily high heat, dry heat.And so nearly all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that form of thing—extraordinarily high.
So in case you examine it, whereas plant meals have almost nothing no matter what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re no longer going to provide a problem, however there are uncommon plant ingredients which might be excessive within protein outcomes, along with nuts, along with soy. So we must without a doubt, ideally must no longer—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an excellent idea on a ordinary basis due to these a while.So that’s why we actually shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, simply whole nuts are higher because you without a doubt chunk down to little debris—no matter how well you chunk, you generally best fracture down to about 2 mm, that is one thousand instances large than the debris found in nut butters.And the cause that’s crucial is because those cellular walls and people little cubes, which include loads of hundreds of intact walls, actually guard all of the vitamins interior from absorption on your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine vegetation.
So when we devour simply acellular foods, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we eat 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t take away the fiber, however all the nutrients are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving very little for our gut plants at the quit.
Whereas if you consume whole intact grains or complete beans, then there is surely these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our top bacteria, and that improves our intestine health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, where can we get tremendous assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral seller talk. Somebody have to observe crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, maybe 15%.So humans trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, just because they’re trying to sell you something.
We can definitely study the facts; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, good enough, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you need to consume six florets of broccoli in preference to a half century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For people who say all and sundry’s distinct, so all of us require one-of-a-kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally weight loss plan help us live longer, more healthy lives, every person? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food plan and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few crazy food plan.
No, there’s a food regimen that’s obviously tuned to our biology. We advanced for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our closing tremendous ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow notable apes ate, which is essentially veggies and fruit. We have been a plant-based totally weight loss plan, nearly exclusively plant-primarily based diet, and only inside the closing 10% of our evolution did we start understanding how to make tools and looking, and many others.And so our biology is tuned to eating entire meals, plant based—so no wonder that the equal type of food plan that reverses heart disorder, the number one killer of women and men, is the equal food regimen that also reverses diabetes, and the same weight loss plan that reverses excessive blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience because, appearance, the anti-inflammatory weight-reduction plan is a weight loss plan that helps your arteries everywhere throughout your body.I suggest, appearance, if that’s all a plant-primarily based diet could do, reverse the primary killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default food regimen until established otherwise?
In reality that it may also prevent or reverse different main killers might seem to make the case for plant-based eating simply overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing resources with them.
So now and again it’s difficult; people placed up their defenses while a person tries—while every person involves us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we consider, there’s just this sort of natural reaction to kind of need to hold on.That’s why sharing type of 0.33-birthday party sources:
“Here’s a fantastic documentary, right here’s a wonderful website, here’s a outstanding e-book,” after which they could sort of take it within on themselves, and then form of the inducement comes from within as opposed to feeling a person’s attempting to inform them to do some thing. So that’s considered one of my favored ways.And percentage terrific meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I stay that lengthy or just sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s sincerely the exceptional of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes tremendous and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-primarily based consuming is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?