Author: Mark Velov
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about vegan b12 supplement. In this article we'll discuss vegan b12 supplement.
Happy to be right here.
i am a medical doctor, that specialize in way of life remedy the usage of eating regimen and workout now not most effective save you ailment, but to treat and opposite it as well.
And all of it without a doubt goes returned to my grandma. You realize, I suppose the spark for plenty kids to need to be a doctor after they grow up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me became looking my grandma get higher.She was diagnosed with stop level heart ailment.
Already had so many bypass surgeries, not anything greater the medical doctors may want to do. She become sent home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one among our early life-style remedy pioneers, and what befell subsequent is absolutely distinctive in Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out some weeks later.
She was taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and even though she become given her medical demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a wholesome weight-reduction plan become able to revel in any other 31 years on the planet to age 96, to retain to enjoy her six grandkids such as me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I practice the type of medicine I do, way of life medicinal drug.
I just need to do in your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s extremely good. First query:how plenty fats and protein do we want every day?
What are the great resources? And how a good deal should athletes be consuming?Well, you realize, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro vitamins.You want Paleo junk food, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fats unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I suggest any form of junk meals you need because it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all about anything specific element, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these items, and that offers us this kind of fitness halo, whilst within reality it should all be approximately food. And the motive human beings don’t talk about food is there’s no cash to be made in food.In fact, deliver is going awful;
Can’t sit on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to position an advert on television for broccoli due to the fact, you recognize, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re in no way going to peer an advert on television for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s just no cash to be made.
That’s no longer in which the profit is. The device is set up to reward just the unhealthiest but most profitable conduct.And so, I imply, so that’s just sort of falling into the food industry’s trap to talk of kind of this reductionist view of vitamins in place of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I suggest so fats, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise wishes you to talk like that, but it certainly has to come back down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you understand what else is in dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats on this us of a.
People suppose like steak or some thing. No, the number one supply of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one source of calcium, however sure, there’s protein in beef, yes, there’s iron within red meat, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as a great deal as Burger King says you could “have it your manner,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but preserve the saturated fats, preserve the hormones, keep the cholesterol.” I recognize, it’s a package— meals is a package deal. So the issue about that, so if you get your calcium from, you recognize, dark green leafy vegetables rather, then it’s like, well, the bags is truely an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff lacking from type of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose in phrases of meals. So if you question me what are the first-class ingredients that show up to have fats in them, well, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you simply get the bonus in preference to the bags.In terms of protein assets, each person who doesn’t recognize a way to get protein on a plant-based totally eating regimen doesn’t understand beans, proper?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then additionally some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all varieties of things.So complete plant foods are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s in reality, I think, how we have to think about the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question range two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam form of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the science around that. Distilled water just form of appears a waste of electricity to me.I suggest it’s the identical element with like, you understand, kind of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a totally sort of wasteful manner. But you can remove some little hint minerals, however that’s not really the problem.I imply faucet water is generally the most inexpensive, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the purpose why we don’t develop vintage and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride though?
It’s no longer vital, but from a public fitness point of view—rich humans can visit the dentist and find the money for all types of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their teeth—however from a public health scale, I suggest that’s how you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental hassle, no big deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental trouble, they may lose their enamel, because of this dropping a variety of their nutrition or being in persistent pain.And genuinely from a public fitness viewpoint fluoridated water is—within truth, in line with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public fitness innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question number three: are there any suggestions or special recommendations for girls who select to devour a plant-based diet even as pregnant, and who additionally pick out to elevate youngsters plant based after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s simply that rather more vital to get all the nutrients you need, and so it’s basically all the identical advice you’d give to everybody ingesting a healthy food regimen, consuming a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Critically crucial: vitamin B12.So there’s vitamins that aren’t made by plant life.
One’s diet D, which is made through animals along with your self whilst you stroll outside; it’s the light vitamin.And the opposite one’s vitamin B12.
Not made with the aid of plants, no longer made by animals both; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we may want to get all of the B12 we needed consuming well water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time in the past, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have lots of B12 in our water any extra.
Don’t get a variety of cholera either. It’s a very good thing that we live in a pleasing sanitary international, however because of that we want to get a ordinary reliable supply of B12.Critically critical, in particular for pregnant ladies, however for each person.
During pregnancy iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal nutrients, so it’s essential, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our children healthy?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, within the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the excellent-selling books ever, second simplest to the Bible possibly on this United States of America.
Where within his final edition he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, recommended all kids be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he ought to see what the grandparents have been death from and spot this burgeoning early life weight problems epidemic. So without a doubt we must raise our kids inside the healthiest possible manner.That manner no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and a whole food, plant-based totally weight loss program—truely simple, easy. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reputable function paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all degrees of the lifestyle, which includes pregnancy and infancy and on thru vintage age.So truly, we ought to all be elevating healthful kids, and in reality, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e book on raising vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two things about it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please assist provide an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each women and men need no longer worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All varieties of nuttiness out on the net.If you study the science, even though, it’s genuinely simply sort of a extraordinary clinical consensus within terms of humans.
I imply, the laboratory animal studies, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or one of a kind strains of mice have distinctive effects. When we sooner or later had human information, so as an example breast cancer, you can see issues on the internet about, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize until 2004, the primary study that truely positioned it to the test and actually accompanied breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that statistic and in all of five stories done to date, each unmarried one discovered that women with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor fine or terrible, whether or not they have been on Tamoxifen or not—all continually greater survival;placed them all together, extra survival, lower most cancers recurrence price.
And so we’ve recognized that consuming soy, in particular all through childhood, can lessen the threat of having breast most cancers in the first place, but now we are aware of it’s associated with improved survival as nicely. So wait a 2d.How is that possible whilst it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s in reality sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long story:alpha, beta—so basically your personal estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a special form of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy on the body subjects on the ratio of these distinctive receptors and unique organs of the body.And so it really has seasoned-estrogen effects in which you need it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It actually reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, as an example, in studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences wherein you need it, as an example inside the breast, decreasing breast cancer hazard and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate time period for essentially the excellent of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers danger. And so that you don’t must consume it;all of the legumes are wholesome, and that i inspire human beings to devour complete soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a outstanding choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all complete soy meals, as well as some of the extra processed stuff.And so you look in the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given heaps of videos about it. So yeah, you just don’t accept as true with the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And only for the males accessible which might be concerned that they might develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But by using excessive soy—they were literally ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget… I assume some people, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you may really get sufficient alpha receptor interest to truly have seasoned-estrogenic effects. So the response isn't to keep away from soy, however not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it would be wholesome. So soy intake in men is related to lower prostate most cancers danger, that is the primary cancer killer unique to guys.Gianna ok, question quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti inflammatory food plan, no wonder, can be one of the great nutritional treatments for inflammatory illnesses within fashionable, such as car-immune disorder.So for example, multiple sclerosis, that's an car-immune disease in which your frame attacks your very own nerves, the single excellent recorded intervention—medical, surgical, whatever, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-primarily based food regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the handiest. So it’s now not just safer, less expensive.No, the only treatment ever posted in the peer reviewed clinical scientific literature, a plant-primarily based weight loss plan.
Chron’s disorder, same factor. A statistic out of Japan using a plant-based totally food regimen, a number of the quality relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s disorder is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speakme approximately objective measures including grip strength and inflammatory markers in the blood circulate or just in phrases of first-class of lifestyles for human beings suffering from these sicknesses. Auto-immune disease, we just don’t have quite a few top stats for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 poll determined that individuals who consume strictly plant-based diets have the very best shares of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, which means everyday thyroid function, and so it is able to save you thyroid troubles.
But there’s in no way been any research that really positioned plant-based totally diets to the test in phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speakme approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s other varieties of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have information for, but it would make experience if it really works for a majority of these different auto-immune diseases, it works for those different inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen might have this impact.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel health or something.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our proper gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our gut. And we used to think that become simply intestine fitness, but now we know that our microbiome, our friendly vegetation down in our colon simply may have outcomes on our immune gadget, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, which is fiber and resistant starch located within abundance in best one area: whole plant foods, and a number of those compounds have anti inflammatory results.They’re break down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated throughout your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like nutrition C drips? Well, simply vitamin B12 is seriously crucial for each person eating a wholesome diet, so I’d suggest 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that is the most inexpensive supply.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, but severely important from a everyday dependable supply.If you’re not getting sufficient solar… Now, in case you’re mild skinned enough and younger enough and skinny sufficient and stay at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t rely how sunny it is in case you’re caught at a table process all day, no longer getting out of doors, wherein case you’d want to supplement your diet with nutrition D, the light nutrition. I advise 2,000 global devices of diet D3 a day.So, I suggest intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer remedy, going back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It became considering the fact that—thrilling—form of debunked via Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans a whole bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the kind of outstanding effects that had been in the beginning seen, but they have been using oral nutrition C.We used to think, properly, oral vitamin C is similar to intravenous nutrition C, however no, our frame really clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t be counted both manner, you’ll soak up all of it. But as soon as your body receives over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is ready five servings of culmination and veggies worth—your body starts offevolved clamping “that’s a touch an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, so that they genuinely weren’t exposed to the identical quantity.And so i have a whole shows of videos on intravenous diet C for most cancers if you’re interested by that;
I inspire people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your preferred—should we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale in a smoothie effective enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to eat them raw? Oh, my God.We need to eat cruciferous vegetables in whichever way gets us to eat the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner gets you to eat the maximum.In reality cruciferous greens are certainly one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak about all the meals I inspire humans to get and suit into their day by day ordinary.So, you realize, greens every day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You realize, the first-rate beverage, the nice sweeteners, how a good deal exercising to get—simply to kind of inspire humans to try to match a number of the healthies of wholesome ingredients into the diet.And one of those packing containers I inspire humans to tick off each day, you’re not going to suit—you’re not going to test off the day except you get a few shape of cruciferous greens, which is about a half of cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of uncooked.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, all these excellent vegetables. And so basically however you get them in your weight loss plan, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a splendid cross-to way to get greens in your breakfast.
And I kind of wreck a few white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to check the ones off. But, yeah, positioned them within a smoothie, put them everywhere;so long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the maximum critical element.
Now you may overdo, I mean you can overdo uncooked cruciferous vegetables that have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which can be discovered in masses of healthy meals, not simplest broccoli, however also flaxseeds and some of other healthful things. But the reply isn't to avoid these honestly healthy ingredients;it’s just to get enough iodine because those goitrogenic compounds simply intrude with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re truly marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then eating a variety of broccoli and cruciferous can truely have an effect on your tiers. So the answer, you simply ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then just like dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the more ways you could get them into your diet, the better.There was this well-known case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I neglect, it turned into like actually hundreds of kilos of raw bok choy, she become on some loopy weight loss plan, and actually did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… ok, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire humans, right. And look, we’re speakme about foods with medicinal effects.I mean we need to count on like if you can eat as tons—I mean if there’s an unlimited amount of some thing that you can be uncovered to, probably doesn’t have a good deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the reality that, appearance, no, a number of these ingredients can have effective consequences on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a certain level which you need to live within, however fortuitously they’re all effortlessly through any type of typical culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, a part of the cause that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to do away with the phytates.So there was this idea, based on stories on dogs again inside the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may cast off the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to remove the phytates, and then you’d maximize your calcium absorption and other important minerals. But we now realize now not simplest is that not the case, but phytates are certainly healthy for you, simply useful outcomes of phytates, so we need to absolutely attempt to get as a great deal phytates within our diet as viable, and the manner we do that is by using ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire humans to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The reason we’d as an alternative no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which might be those glycotoxins associated with extended chance of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and elevated growing old and all kinds of truly awful matters. And it’s shaped when high fat, high protein meals are uncovered to extraordinarily excessive warmness, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled hen, that form of element—extremely excessive.
So if you have a look at it, while plant ingredients have nearly not anything regardless of what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and you’re now not going to provide a trouble, however there are rare plant meals which are high in protein results, together with nuts, which include soy. So we need to really, ideally have to no longer—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a good idea on a normal foundation because of those ages.So that’s why we in reality shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, clearly entire nuts are better because you in reality chew down to little particles—regardless of how well you bite, you usually only fracture all the way down to about 2 mm, that's a thousand times large than the particles determined in nut butters.And the motive that’s vital is due to the fact those mobile partitions and people little cubes, which incorporate hundreds of heaps of intact partitions, sincerely protect all the nutrients inside from absorption for your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut plant life.
So whilst we devour just acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, even though it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we devour 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t remove the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving little or no for our gut plant life on the quit.
Whereas if you eat whole intact grains or complete beans, then there's honestly these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our excellent bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which are we able to get exceptional resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral dealer talk. Somebody ought to take a look at crop nutrient decline over the last 1/2 century, perhaps 15%.So human beings seeking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just due to the fact they’re trying to sell you something.
We can truly have a look at the facts; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, good enough, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you need to eat six florets of broccoli instead of a half of century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For folks that say every body’s distinctive, so we all require distinctive diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole food, plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan help us live longer, healthier lives, every person? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss plan and there’s a lemur weight-reduction plan.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get some crazy diet.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We evolved for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our final notable ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow terrific apes ate, which is basically vegetables and fruit. We had been a plant-primarily based weight loss plan, nearly completely plant-based eating regimen, and most effective within the last 10% of our evolution did we start knowing the way to make equipment and hunting, etc.And so our biology is tuned to consuming whole food, plant based totally—so no surprise that the identical sort of weight loss plan that reverses heart ailment, the primary killer of males and females, is the equal weight loss plan that still reverses diabetes, and the same weight loss plan that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes feel due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory food plan is a food plan that allows your arteries everywhere at some point of your frame.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based totally food plan may want to do, opposite the number one killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default food regimen until validated in any other case?
In fact that it could additionally prevent or opposite different leading killers might appear to make the case for plant-based ingesting certainly overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing resources with them.
So once in a while it’s difficult; human beings put up their defenses when someone tries—whilst anyone comes to us with some new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s just this kind of herbal response to form of need to preserve on.That’s why sharing type of 1/3-celebration resources:
“Here’s a first rate documentary, here’s a excellent website, right here’s a brilliant ebook,” after which they are able to sort of take it within on themselves, and then kind of the motivation comes from within in preference to feeling someone’s attempting to inform them to do something. So that’s one in all my favourite ways.And percentage top notch food!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I live that lengthy or simply experience like I lived that long? But no, it’s absolutely the great of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes great and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally eating is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?