Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about 100 grams of carbs. In this article we'll discuss 100 grams of carbs.
Happy to be here.
i'm a doctor, specializing in lifestyle remedy the usage of weight-reduction plan and exercise no longer most effective prevent sickness, however to deal with and reverse it as properly.
And it all in reality is going back to my grandma. You recognize, I assume the spark for plenty kids to need to be a medical doctor once they develop up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me was looking my grandma get better.She was identified with quit stage heart sickness.
Already had so many bypass surgical procedures, nothing extra the medical doctors may want to do. She changed into despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one of our early lifestyle medicinal drug pioneers, and what befell next is absolutely distinctive in Pritikin’s biography, to speak approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out some weeks later.
She became taking walks 10 miles a day, and though she turned into given her scientific death sentence at age 65, way to a healthful diet become capable of revel in any other 31 years in the world to age 96, to hold to experience her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I exercise the form of medicine I do, life-style remedy.
I just need to do to your family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s great. First question:how a good deal fat and protein will we need each day?
What are the satisfactory assets? And how lots have to athletes be consuming?Well, you already know, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t consume micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll provide you with vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fat loose junk food, we’ll come up with… I suggest any type of junk meals you need because it’s all approximately macro vitamins or it’s all about some thing specific element, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that offers us this form of fitness halo, when in reality it ought to all be about food. And the purpose people don’t communicate about meals is there’s no cash to be made in meals.In fact, produce goes awful;
Can’t sit on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't going to place an advert on television for broccoli due to the fact, you already know, they’ll simply buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re in no way going to see an advert on tv for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no cash to be made.
That’s not wherein the profit is. The gadget is installation to reward simply the unhealthiest however most profitable behavior.And so, I suggest, so that’s simply kind of falling into the meals enterprise’s entice to talk of kind of this reductionist view of vitamins rather than meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you can’t talk approximately it.
That’s why the enterprise desires you to speak like that, but it definitely has to come down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is in dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fat in this country.
People suppose like steak or some thing. No, the primary supply of saturated fat is dairy, yes, the number one supply of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in red meat, sure, there’s iron in pork, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I imply as a great deal as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however preserve the saturated fat, preserve the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I realize, it’s a bundle— meals is a bundle deal. So the component about that, so if you get your calcium from, you understand, darkish green leafy greens alternatively, then it’s like, properly, the baggage is truely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in terms of food. So if you ask me what are the best foods that happen to have fats in them, well, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus instead of the luggage.In phrases of protein resources, all and sundry who doesn’t know how to get protein on a plant-based weight-reduction plan doesn’t understand beans, proper?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also some of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all kinds of things.So complete plant meals are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s virtually, I think, how we ought to consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question range :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, scam type of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the science round that. Distilled water simply kind of seems a waste of electricity to me.I suggest it’s the same component with like, , form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally type of wasteful procedure. But you could put off some little hint minerals, however that’s now not really the problem.I suggest faucet water is typically the most inexpensive, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t develop antique and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride though?
It’s now not important, however from a public health perspective—rich people can visit the dentist and manage to pay for all sorts of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their teeth—but from a public health scale, I imply that’s how you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no huge deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental problem, they might lose their teeth, this means that dropping lots of their nutrition or being within persistent pain.And certainly from a public health perspective fluoridated water is—within truth, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public health innovations over the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any recommendations or special guidelines for girls who select to eat a plant-based diet whilst pregnant, and who additionally pick to raise kids plant based totally after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s just that rather more important to get all of the nutrition you need, and so it’s basically all the equal recommendation you’d deliver to each person ingesting a wholesome weight loss program, consuming a plant-based food plan.
Critically crucial: diet B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by using plants.
One’s diet D, that's made by using animals including your self while you stroll out of doors; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the other one’s vitamin B12.
Not made by way of vegetation, now not made by way of animals either; made by means of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you realize, we could get all of the B12 we needed drinking nicely water or out of a mountain or something a long time in the past, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have quite a few B12 within our water any extra.
Don’t get a variety of cholera either. It’s a terrific aspect that we live within a pleasant sanitary global, but because of that we need to get a everyday dependable supply of B12.Critically critical, particularly for pregnant girls, but for each person.
During pregnancy iodine’s vital, a mineral regularly missing from prenatal nutrients, so it’s crucial, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our youngsters wholesome?I say sure, indeed, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, inside the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the great-promoting books ever, 2d best to the Bible perhaps in this U.S.A.
Where in his closing version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, recommended all children be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he may want to see what the grandparents had been demise from and notice this burgeoning childhood weight problems epidemic. So definitely we ought to raise our youngsters within the healthiest possible way.That way no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and an entire food, plant-based food regimen—truely basic, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their official role paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are appropriate for all tiers of the way of life, along with pregnancy and infancy and on thru antique age.So genuinely, we should all be elevating healthy kids, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a book on elevating vegan children;
he’s got six, so he is aware of one or things about it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why each women and men need not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All types of nuttiness out on the internet.If you look at the technology, even though, it’s virtually simply form of a excellent medical consensus in terms of humans.
I imply, the laboratory animal stories, it depends in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or different strains of mice have special outcomes. When we subsequently had human records, so as an example breast most cancers, you can see concerns on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize until 2004, the first research that simply placed it to the check and in fact accompanied breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to see who lived longer, who had much less breast cancer recurrence. And within that poll and within all of five reviews completed so far, each single one located that women with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor fantastic or poor, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all constantly more survival;put them all collectively, more survival, decrease cancer recurrence rate.
And so we’ve known that consuming soy, specifically all through adolescence, can lessen the chance of getting breast cancer within the first region, but now we are aware of it’s related to advanced survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that viable whilst it has estrogenic consequences?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s honestly varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted story:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced with the aid of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a different sort of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy on the frame matters at the ratio of these distinctive receptors and exceptional organs of the frame.And so it actually has seasoned-estrogen results wherein you need it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It certainly reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, as an instance, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes in which you need it, for instance inside the breast, decreasing breast cancer risk and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for essentially the fine of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic effect, reduces breast most cancers threat. And so you don’t should consume it;all of the legumes are wholesome, and i encourage people to eat entire soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a first rate choice. Tempeh, miso, those are all complete soy ingredients, in addition to some of the extra processed stuff.And so that you look in the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given lots of movies approximately it. So yeah, you simply don’t believe the craziness you read at the net.Gianna And only for the men obtainable that are worried that they may grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But by way of immoderate soy—they have been actually ingesting gallons of soy milk a day, so I forget about… I suppose some human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that level you can certainly get enough alpha receptor pastime to honestly have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the answer isn't to keep away from soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it would be healthful. So soy intake in guys is related to decrease prostate most cancers chance, which is the number one cancer killer particular to guys.Gianna adequate, question range five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti inflammatory eating regimen, no wonder, can be one of the best nutritional remedies for inflammatory illnesses within fashionable, together with vehicle-immune ailment.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, that's an auto-immune disease where your body attacks your own nerves, the single great recorded intervention—medical, surgical, whatever, no drugs—have ever crushed out a plant-based totally eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS diet, so the most effective. So it’s no longer simply more secure, less expensive.No, the handiest remedy ever published inside the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-based food regimen.
Chron’s disease, same factor. A poll out of Japan the use of a plant-based totally eating regimen, a number of the first-rate relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speakme about objective measures together with grip strength and inflammatory markers within the blood circulate or just in terms of exceptional of existence for humans affected by those diseases. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have quite a few correct facts for.We have stats, so the Adventist 2 research discovered that people who eat strictly plant-based diets have the highest rates of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, which means normal thyroid characteristic, and so it could save you thyroid issues.
But there’s in no way been any poll that truely put plant-based totally diets to the take a look at in phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re talking approximately some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other styles of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have information for, however it'd make sense if it works for some of these other vehicle-immune sicknesses, it works for these different inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory weight loss program might have this impact.And part of that anti-inflammatory electricity is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel health or something.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our appropriate intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our intestine. And we used to assume that become simply gut fitness, however now we know that our microbiome, our friendly vegetation down in our colon truly could have results on our immune machine, even our mental health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch determined in abundance within only one vicinity: complete plant ingredients, and some of those compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re ruin down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated throughout your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan based totally, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, without a doubt diet B12 is severely crucial for everybody eating a healthy food regimen, so I’d suggest 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, which is the cheapest source.Once every week is all you need.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, but significantly important from a ordinary dependable supply.If you’re no longer getting sufficient sun… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and young sufficient and skinny sufficient and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the nutrition D you want.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it's far in case you’re stuck at a table process all day, no longer getting out of doors, in which case you’d want to complement your eating regimen with diet D, the sunshine vitamin. I recommend 2,000 global devices of nutrition D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer treatment, going again to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It was considering that—interesting—kind of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, in which they gave human beings a whole bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the kind of remarkable results that had been at the beginning seen, however they have been the use of oral vitamin C.We used to suppose, nicely, oral diet C is similar to intravenous nutrition C, but no, our frame genuinely clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count number either way, you’ll absorb it all. But as soon as your frame gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is set five servings of end result and vegetables well worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a bit too much.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, so that they truely weren’t uncovered to the identical quantity.And so i've an entire shows of motion pictures on intravenous diet C for most cancers if you’re inquisitive about that;
I encourage humans to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—must we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale within a smoothie effective enough, and is it awful for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We must devour cruciferous vegetables within whichever manner receives us to consume the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to eat the most.In truth cruciferous vegetables are one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate approximately all of the foods I encourage people to get and suit into their every day recurring.So, you recognize, veggies every day are the healthies veggies, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You understand, the first-rate beverage, the first-rate sweeteners, how a whole lot workout to get—simply to sort of inspire humans to attempt to suit a number of the healthies of wholesome foods into the food plan.And one of those boxes I inspire human beings to tick off each day, you’re no longer going to suit—you’re now not going to test off the day until you get a few shape of cruciferous veggies, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of uncooked.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, a lot of these wonderful veggies. And so basically however you get them on your food plan, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a extremely good pass-to way to get greens to your breakfast.
And I sort of damage a few white beans in my oatmeal just to get my legumes, got to check those off. But, yeah, put them in a smoothie, positioned them anywhere;so long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most vital component.
Now you could overdo, I imply you may overdo uncooked cruciferous veggies that have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which are observed within lots of healthful foods, now not most effective broccoli, however also flaxseeds and a number of other wholesome matters. But the option isn't always to avoid those virtually wholesome foods;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re clearly marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting a whole lot of broccoli and cruciferous can surely affect your tiers. So the option, you just make certain you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then similar to darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the more approaches you could get them into your diet, the better.There become this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I overlook, it turned into like actually heaps of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she become on some loopy food plan, and in fact did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 pounds… ok, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, proper. And look, we’re speaking about ingredients with medicinal results.I suggest we should anticipate like if you may eat as an awful lot—I suggest if there’s an infinite quantity of something that you can be exposed to, possibly doesn’t have a good deal “uumph” to it, right?
But the reality that, look, no, a number of those ingredients will have powerful results on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a certain stage which you want to stay within, however luckily they’re all without problems through any kind of usual culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, part of the purpose that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to do away with the phytates.So there was this concept, based totally on stories on puppies again within the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you can put off the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to cast off the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and different essential minerals. But we now recognize no longer handiest is that no longer the case, but phytates are genuinely healthy for you, in reality useful effects of phytates, so we have to certainly try and get as a great deal phytates in our food plan as possible, and the way we do this is via ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire human beings to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The reason we’d alternatively now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are those glycotoxins associated with extended hazard of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and extended getting older and all types of really awful things. And it’s fashioned whilst high fat, high protein ingredients are exposed to extraordinarily high warmth, dry warmness.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that sort of thing—extraordinarily high.
So if you look at it, while plant meals have almost not anything regardless of what you do—I imply you may grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to deliver a problem, however there are uncommon plant meals which can be high within protein results, inclusive of nuts, including soy. So we have to sincerely, ideally must now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a great idea on a regular basis due to these a while.So that’s why we actually shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, definitely complete nuts are higher due to the fact you truely bite down to little debris—regardless of how properly you bite, you usually only fracture all the way down to approximately 2 mm, which is 1000 instances large than the particles found within nut butters.And the reason that’s crucial is due to the fact those cellular walls and those little cubes, which comprise hundreds of heaps of intact walls, in reality guard all of the nutrients inner from absorption in your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flora.
So while we eat just acellular meals, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we consume 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t eliminate the fiber, but all of the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small gut, leaving very little for our gut flora at the cease.
Whereas if you eat whole intact grains or complete beans, then there is definitely these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our proper micro organism, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get exceptional resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral dealer speak. Somebody ought to study crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, maybe 15%.So humans looking to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just because they’re trying to sell you something.
We can honestly look at the insights; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli in place of a half century ago. Fine, devour six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For folks who say each person’s one-of-a-kind, so all of us require one of a kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does a whole meals, plant-primarily based eating regimen help us stay longer, more healthy lives, each person? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some loopy food regimen.
No, there’s a weight loss program that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for millions of years.So we broke from our remaining superb ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow notable apes ate, which is essentially vegetables and fruit. We have been a plant-based totally weight loss program, nearly completely plant-based diet, and best within the last 10% of our evolution did we start understanding a way to make tools and hunting, and many others.And so our biology is tuned to consuming whole food, plant primarily based—so no wonder that the identical kind of eating regimen that reverses heart disease, the number one killer of ladies and men, is the same diet that also reverses diabetes, and the equal diet that reverses high blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience due to the fact, appearance, the anti inflammatory weight loss program is a weight loss plan that facilitates your arteries everywhere for the duration of your body.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-primarily based diet ought to do, opposite the primary killer of males and females, shouldn’t that be sort of the default weight loss plan till demonstrated in any other case?
In fact that it may additionally save you or opposite other main killers could appear to make the case for plant-based ingesting sincerely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing assets with them.
So occasionally it’s difficult; human beings placed up their defenses when a person attempts—whilst all and sundry involves us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s simply this form of herbal reaction to form of want to keep on.That’s why sharing type of 0.33-party sources:
“Here’s a fantastic documentary, here’s a great internet site, here’s a tremendous book,” after which they are able to kind of take it within on themselves, after which kind of the inducement comes from through in preference to feeling a person’s trying to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one among my favorite methods.And share remarkable meals!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t rely how—will I stay that lengthy or simply feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s truly the best of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2d. Tastes outstanding and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based consuming is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?