Author: Ivan Red Jr.
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about best vegan. In this article we'll discuss best vegan.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a physician, specializing in life-style medicine using weight loss program and exercise now not best save you ailment, however to deal with and opposite it as properly.
And all of it truly goes returned to my grandma. You recognize, I assume the spark for plenty youngsters to want to be a health practitioner when they grow up is watching a grandparent get unwell or even die, but for me became watching my grandma get better.She changed into recognized with stop level heart sickness.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgeries, not anything more the docs ought to do. She become despatched home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this man, Nathan Pritikin, one in all our early life-style medicine pioneers, and what took place subsequent is clearly certain in Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and he or she walked out some weeks later.
She became taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and although she turned into given her clinical death sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful diet became capable of enjoy some other 31 years in the world to age 96, to keep to revel in her six grandkids which includes me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I practice the sort of remedy I do, lifestyle medicine.
I just want to do for your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s exceptional. First question:how an awful lot fats and protein can we need daily?
What are the great sources? And how plenty must athletes be ingesting?Well, , we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t eat micro nutrients.You want Paleo junk meals, we’ll provide you with vegan junk food, we’ll give you fat unfastened junk meals, we’ll come up with… I suggest any type of junk food you want because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all approximately something precise issue, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all these items, and that offers us this form of fitness halo, when within fact it should all be approximately meals. And the reason people don’t speak approximately food is there’s no cash to be made in food.In fact, provide goes terrible;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to place an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you realize, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re never going to see an ad on tv for candy potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not where the earnings is. The machine is installation to reward just the unhealthiest however most profitable conduct.And so, I imply, so that’s simply form of falling into the food enterprise’s lure to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients in preference to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you can’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to speak like that, however it honestly has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you know what else is within dairy?It’s the primary supply of saturated fat on this United States of America.
People think like steak or some thing. No, the number one supply of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the primary source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in pork, sure, there’s iron within pork, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as plenty as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however hold the saturated fat, keep the hormones, maintain the ldl cholesterol.” I know, it’s a package deal— meals is a bundle deal. So the factor approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you recognize, dark green leafy vegetables as an alternative, then it’s like, properly, the bags is absolutely an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from sort of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in terms of meals. So in case you ask me what are the first-class foods that show up to have fat within them, properly, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you just get the bonus rather than the luggage.In phrases of protein resources, all people who doesn’t know the way to get protein on a plant-based food regimen doesn’t recognise beans, proper?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then also some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all kinds of things.So whole plant meals are the healthiest manner to get nearly all your vitamins, and that’s definitely, I suppose, how we must think about those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question wide variety :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam sort of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the science round that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of energy to me.I imply it’s the identical thing with like, you recognize, form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally type of wasteful method. But you may dispose of some little hint minerals, but that’s not really the issue.I imply tap water is generally the most inexpensive, safest supply of consuming water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t develop old and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride even though?
It’s not essential, but from a public health standpoint—rich humans can visit the dentist and come up with the money for all styles of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their tooth—but from a public health scale, I suggest that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care that you have, and so when you have a dental hassle, no large deal, go to the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental hassle, they could lose their teeth, this means that dropping quite a few their nutrients or being within continual pain.And really from a public fitness viewpoint fluoridated water is—in fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public health innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any recommendations or unique recommendations for women who select to eat a plant-based totally food plan even as pregnant, and who also select to elevate children plant based after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re eating for two it’s simply that much more critical to get all of the nutrition you want, and so it’s essentially all the equal advice you’d provide to anyone consuming a wholesome weight-reduction plan, eating a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan.
Critically essential: vitamin B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by using flowers.
One’s nutrition D, that's made by using animals consisting of your self while you stroll out of doors; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the alternative one’s diet B12.
Not made by means of flowers, no longer made through animals either; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we ought to get all the B12 we needed consuming properly water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a number of B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get lots of cholera both. It’s a very good element that we stay in a pleasant sanitary global, however due to that we want to get a regular dependable supply of B12.Critically critical, particularly for pregnant ladies, however for every person.
During pregnancy iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal nutrients, so it’s important, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our kids healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the great-selling books ever, 2nd handiest to the Bible possibly on this us of a.
Where in his final version he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, encouraged all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he should see what the grandparents have been demise from and notice this burgeoning adolescence obesity epidemic. So clearly we need to enhance our youngsters inside the healthiest viable way.That approach now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the home, and an entire food, plant-based totally weight-reduction plan—surely simple, easy. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their professional position paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are appropriate for all levels of the lifestyle, together with pregnancy and infancy and on through vintage age.So genuinely, we should all be raising wholesome kids, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a ebook on elevating vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two matters approximately it. Gianna adequate, range four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each women and men need not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All sorts of nuttiness out at the internet.If you examine the science, though, it’s actually just type of a exquisite clinical consensus in terms of people.
I suggest, the laboratory animal experiences, it depends in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or exceptional traces of mice have specific consequences. When we ultimately had human information, so as an example breast cancer, you may see concerns on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t know till 2004, the first research that truly put it to the test and in reality observed breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, simply to look who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And in that research and within all of five reviews completed thus far, every unmarried one determined that women with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor tremendous or negative, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or now not—all constantly extra survival;put them all collectively, extra survival, decrease most cancers recurrence fee.
And so we’ve known that ingesting soy, in particular at some point of childhood, can lessen the hazard of getting breast cancer within the first place, but now we comprehend it’s associated with stepped forward survival as properly. So wait a 2d.How is that possible while it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s absolutely sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long tale:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced through your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a specific type of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy on the frame subjects on the ratio of those exclusive receptors and distinct organs of the frame.And so it truely has pro-estrogen consequences wherein you need it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It actually reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, for example, in stories of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes wherein you need it, for example in the breast, lowering breast cancer danger and improving breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery term for basically the great of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers danger. And so that you don’t must consume it;all of the legumes are wholesome, and that i inspire human beings to consume entire soy sources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a exceptional preference. Tempeh, miso, those are all complete soy ingredients, in addition to a number of the more processed stuff.And so you look in the clinical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given lots of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t accept as true with the craziness you read at the internet.Gianna And just for the adult males obtainable that are involved that they might grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But by using immoderate soy—they have been actually ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I assume some human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you may certainly get sufficient alpha receptor pastime to genuinely have pro-estrogenic consequences. So the option is not to avoid soy, however not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it might be wholesome. So soy consumption within guys is related to decrease prostate most cancers danger, which is the number one cancer killer specific to guys.Gianna good enough, query quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory weight loss plan, no wonder, can be one of the nice dietary remedies for inflammatory illnesses in popular, inclusive of car-immune disease.So as an instance, multiple sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune disease in which your body attacks your very own nerves, the unmarried high-quality recorded intervention—medical, surgical, whatever, no pills—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-primarily based diet:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS diet, so the simplest. So it’s now not simply more secure, inexpensive.No, the only treatment ever published inside the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Chron’s disease, identical element. A research out of Japan the use of a plant-primarily based food regimen, a number of the high-quality relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme approximately objective measures together with grip electricity and inflammatory markers within the blood move or simply in terms of first-rate of existence for people affected by these diseases. Auto-immune disorder, we just don’t have lots of accurate facts for.We have records, so the Adventist 2 poll discovered that folks that eat strictly plant-based diets have the highest rates of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, meaning normal thyroid feature, and so it can save you thyroid problems.
But there’s never been any study that without a doubt positioned plant-primarily based diets to the take a look at within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speakme about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different styles of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have data for, but it might make experience if it really works for these kinds of other vehicle-immune illnesses, it really works for those different inflammatory diseases, an anti-inflammatory food regimen might have this effect.And a part of that anti-inflammatory electricity is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could assume fiber?We think like bowel fitness or some thing.
It’s just type of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our precise gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our gut. And we used to suppose that was simply intestine fitness, but now we recognize that our microbiome, our pleasant vegetation down within our colon virtually will have consequences on our immune machine, even our mental fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, which is fiber and resistant starch found in abundance within simplest one vicinity: whole plant meals, and some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re ruin down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your machine and circulated for the duration of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan based totally, either taken orally or intravenously like nutrition C drips? Well, certainly nutrition B12 is significantly vital for each person ingesting a healthy weight-reduction plan, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, which is the most inexpensive source.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, however significantly vital from a regular reliable source.If you’re now not getting sufficient sun… Now, in case you’re light skinned sufficient and younger enough and skinny sufficient and live at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the vitamin D you need.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's far in case you’re stuck at a table activity all day, not getting out of doors, wherein case you’d want to supplement your weight loss program with vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin. I endorse 2,000 global gadgets of diet D3 a day.So, I mean intravenous diet C has been used as a cancer remedy, going returned to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s work.
It became seeing that—interesting—form of debunked by Mayo Clinic, where they gave people an entire bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the form of marvelous effects that have been at first seen, but they had been the use of oral vitamin C.We used to suppose, well, oral nutrition C is similar to intravenous diet C, however no, our frame clearly clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t depend either way, you’ll take in all of it. But once your body gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is about five servings of fruits and vegetables worth—your frame begins clamping “that’s a bit too much.” Your frame begins clamping down on absorption, so they clearly weren’t uncovered to the equal amount.And so i have a whole series of films on intravenous diet C for cancer if you’re interested in that;
I inspire people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending uncooked kale in a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it terrible for the thyroid to consume them uncooked? Oh, my God.We should consume cruciferous veggies in whichever manner receives us to devour the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to eat the maximum.In reality cruciferous veggies are one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak about all of the foods I inspire humans to get and fit into their day by day habitual.So, you realize, vegetables every day are the healthies veggies, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You realize, the great beverage, the great sweeteners, how a lot exercising to get—just to sort of encourage people to try and healthy a number of the healthies of wholesome foods into the weight loss plan.And one of those packing containers I inspire humans to tick off every day, you’re not going to match—you’re not going to check off the day until you get some shape of cruciferous veggies, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous greens, approximately a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, these types of excellent greens. And so basically however you get them to your weight loss plan, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a high-quality cross-to way to get veggies in your breakfast.
And I form of smash some white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to test those off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, put them anywhere;so long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the maximum important element.
Now you could overdo, I suggest you may overdo raw cruciferous veggies which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds that are determined within plenty of healthful meals, no longer simplest broccoli, however also flaxseeds and a number of different healthy things. But the reply is not to avoid these definitely healthful meals;it’s simply to get enough iodine because those goitrogenic compounds simply intrude with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re honestly marginally no longer getting sufficient iodine, then eating a variety of broccoli and cruciferous can certainly have an effect on your tiers. So the response, you just make sure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so that you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, after which just like darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the more methods you could get them into your food plan, the better.There was this well-known case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget, it became like actually hundreds of kilos of raw bok choy, she became on some loopy food plan, and in fact did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 kilos… adequate, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And appearance, we’re speaking approximately ingredients with medicinal results.I suggest we must expect like if you may eat as lots—I suggest if there’s a vast amount of some thing that you may be exposed to, likely doesn’t have an awful lot “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, look, no, a number of those meals may have effective outcomes on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a certain stage that you need to stay through, but luckily they’re all without difficulty within any form of traditional culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, a part of the reason that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to cast off the phytates.So there has been this idea, based on experiences on dogs again in the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may eliminate the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to do away with the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and other essential minerals. But we now realize now not most effective is that not the case, however phytates are surely healthy for you, clearly useful effects of phytates, so we should honestly try to get as much phytates in our weight loss program as possible, and the manner we do this is through ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage human beings to devour uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d instead now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, that are these glycotoxins associated with expanded risk of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and improved getting old and all kinds of truly bad things. And it’s formed when excessive fats, high protein ingredients are uncovered to extraordinarily high warmth, dry warmth.And so nearly all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed hot dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that form of thing—extremely excessive.
So in case you have a look at it, while plant foods have almost not anything regardless of what you do—I imply you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re no longer going to offer a hassle, but there are uncommon plant ingredients which are high in protein results, which include nuts, including soy. So we have to definitely, preferably have to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a good concept on a ordinary foundation due to those a while.So that’s why we without a doubt shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, honestly complete nuts are higher because you absolutely bite down to little particles—no matter how nicely you chew, you normally only fracture right down to about 2 mm, which is a thousand instances larger than the particles determined within nut butters.And the cause that’s critical is because those cell partitions and people little cubes, which incorporate loads of thousands of intact walls, truely guard all of the nutrients inside from absorption for your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut flowers.
So while we eat simply acellular meals, powders like flour products, even though it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t get rid of the fiber, but all of the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed in the small gut, leaving little or no for our intestine flora at the cease.
Whereas in case you devour whole intact grains or entire beans, then there is surely these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our proper bacteria, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which can we get first-rate resources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy trace mineral dealer speak. Somebody must examine crop nutrient decline over the last half of century, maybe 15%.So human beings trying to promote you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, just due to the fact they’re trying to promote you something.
We can virtually study the information; the USDA tracks nutrients within the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, good enough, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli rather than a half of century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For individuals who say anybody’s extraordinary, so all of us require extraordinary diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice on this, and does a whole meals, plant-based weight-reduction plan help us stay longer, more healthy lives, every body? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla eating regimen and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few loopy weight-reduction plan.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s obviously tuned to our biology. We evolved for millions of years.So we broke from our final remarkable ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow splendid apes ate, which is basically vegetables and fruit. We were a plant-based totally weight loss plan, almost solely plant-based totally weight loss plan, and simplest in the closing 10% of our evolution did we begin understanding how to make gear and searching, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to consuming entire food, plant based—so no surprise that the same form of weight loss program that reverses heart disorder, the number one killer of ladies and men, is the identical weight loss plan that still reverses diabetes, and the same weight loss plan that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes sense due to the fact, appearance, the anti inflammatory weight loss program is a weight loss program that allows your arteries everywhere at some point of your body.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-based eating regimen could do, opposite the number one killer of men and women, shouldn’t that be type of the default weight-reduction plan until validated in any other case?
In fact that it may additionally prevent or reverse other leading killers could appear to make the case for plant-primarily based consuming genuinely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing resources with them.
So once in a while it’s difficult; human beings put up their defenses when a person attempts—when everybody comes to us with some new concept that conflicts with what we consider, there’s simply this type of natural reaction to form of want to keep on.That’s why sharing sort of 0.33-celebration assets:
“Here’s a super documentary, here’s a outstanding website, here’s a remarkable e book,” and then they can kind of take it in on themselves, and then type of the incentive comes from through in preference to feeling a person’s attempting to inform them to do some thing. So that’s one of my favored methods.And share tremendous meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I live that long or just experience like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s virtually the exceptional of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2d. Tastes superb and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?