Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about calcium and magnesium. In this article we'll discuss calcium and magnesium.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a medical doctor, that specialize in lifestyle medicinal drug the usage of food plan and exercise now not handiest prevent sickness, however to deal with and reverse it as nicely.
And it all really goes back to my grandma. You realize, I suppose the spark for lots kids to need to be a medical doctor after they develop up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me become watching my grandma get higher.She was diagnosed with quit level coronary heart disorder.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgeries, not anything greater the doctors may want to do. She changed into sent home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one in every of our early life-style medicinal drug pioneers, and what befell subsequent is truly distinctive within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and she walked out some weeks later.
She was taking walks 10 miles a day, and even though she turned into given her clinical demise sentence at age 65, way to a healthy weight loss plan become able to enjoy every other 31 years on earth to age 96, to maintain to revel in her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I exercise the form of medicine I do, way of life remedy.
I simply need to do on your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s great. First query:how a whole lot fat and protein will we need every day?
What are the best sources? And how a whole lot ought to athletes be consuming?Well, you already know, we don’t consume macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You want Paleo junk meals, we’ll come up with vegan junk food, we’ll come up with fats unfastened junk meals, we’ll come up with… I imply any form of junk meals you need as it’s all approximately macro vitamins or it’s all about some thing particular aspect, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all this stuff, and that gives us this sort of fitness halo, whilst within truth it should all be about meals. And the cause people don’t talk about food is there’s no cash to be made in meals.In truth, provide goes terrible;
Can’t take a seat at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to place an ad on tv for broccoli because, you realize, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re by no means going to peer an advert on television for sweet potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s no longer where the income is. The system is installation to reward simply the unhealthiest however maximum worthwhile behavior.And so, I imply, so that’s simply form of falling into the meals enterprise’s entice to speak of sort of this reductionist view of nutrients as opposed to meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I imply so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you can’t communicate about it.
That’s why the enterprise wishes you to speak like that, however it definitely has to return all the way down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you realize what else is in dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fat in this U.S.A.
People think like steak or some thing. No, the number one supply of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the primary source of calcium, but yes, there’s protein in pork, yes, there’s iron in pork, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as an awful lot as Burger King says you can “have it your way,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but preserve the saturated fat, keep the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I realize, it’s a package deal— food is a package deal. So the aspect about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you already know, dark green leafy greens as a substitute, then it’s like, properly, the baggage is certainly an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items lacking from form of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we think in terms of food. So in case you ask me what are the quality meals that appear to have fats in them, well, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus as opposed to the luggage.In terms of protein assets, every person who doesn’t realize a way to get protein on a plant-based weight-reduction plan doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also a number of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So entire plant ingredients are the healthiest way to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s without a doubt, I suppose, how we have to think about the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, rip-off type of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technology round that. Distilled water simply form of appears a waste of electricity to me.I suggest it’s the equal issue with like, , type of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a completely type of wasteful method. But you could eliminate a few little hint minerals, however that’s no longer clearly the problem.I imply tap water is typically the most inexpensive, most secure supply of consuming water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t develop old and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s not vital, however from a public fitness standpoint—rich people can visit the dentist and find the money for all kinds of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her teeth—but from a public health scale, I imply that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental trouble, no huge deal, go to the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental hassle, they could lose their enamel, which means that dropping a lot of their vitamins or being in continual ache.And genuinely from a public health point of view fluoridated water is—in fact, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public health innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any hints or special tips for girls who select to consume a plant-based totally weight loss plan whilst pregnant, and who additionally pick to elevate youngsters plant based totally after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re eating for two it’s simply that much more vital to get all of the nutrients you need, and so it’s essentially all the identical advice you’d provide to all of us consuming a wholesome diet, consuming a plant-based eating regimen.
Critically essential: vitamin B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made via plant life.
One’s nutrition D, that is made via animals which include yourself while you walk out of doors; it’s the light nutrition.And the other one’s diet B12.
Not made by means of plants, not made by means of animals either; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you recognize, we should get all the B12 we wished consuming nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a whole lot of B12 within our water any greater.
Don’t get a variety of cholera either. It’s an excellent aspect that we live in a pleasant sanitary global, but because of that we want to get a ordinary reliable source of B12.Critically critical, particularly for pregnant ladies, but for everyone.
During pregnancy iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, if you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our kids healthy?I say sure, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the exceptional-selling books ever, 2d most effective to the Bible possibly in this U.S.A.
Where within his last edition he wrote, in his 90s before he died, encouraged all children be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he could see what the grandparents have been death from and see this burgeoning adolescence obesity epidemic. So definitely we ought to increase our youngsters in the healthiest feasible way.That method not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the home, and a whole meals, plant-primarily based diet—genuinely simple, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their reputable function paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are suitable for all ranges of the way of life, which includes being pregnant and infancy and on via antique age.So truely, we need to all be raising healthful youngsters, and in reality, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e-book on elevating vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or things about it. Gianna adequate, range four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each men and women need no longer fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All varieties of nuttiness out at the internet.If you examine the technology, even though, it’s truly simply type of a exceptional clinical consensus within terms of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal studies, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or unique strains of mice have exclusive results. When we sooner or later had human facts, so for example breast cancer, you can see issues at the net about, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise till 2004, the primary study that actually put it to the test and in reality followed breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to see who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And in that research and within all of five experiences achieved thus far, every single one found that girls with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor positive or terrible, whether or not they were on Tamoxifen or now not—all continuously more survival;put all of them collectively, more survival, decrease most cancers recurrence charge.
And so we’ve recognised that consuming soy, in particular throughout formative years, can reduce the threat of getting breast most cancers inside the first area, but now we comprehend it’s related to advanced survival as well. So wait a 2d.How is that feasible while it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s certainly kinds of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long scenario:alpha, beta—so essentially your personal estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a special kind of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the outcomes of soy on the body topics at the ratio of those special receptors and special organs of the body.And so it without a doubt has pro-estrogen outcomes in which you need it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It virtually reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, for instance, in reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences where you need it, for example in the breast, lowering breast cancer hazard and improving breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate term for essentially the high-quality of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer risk. And so that you don’t ought to devour it;all of the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage human beings to eat entire soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you may get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a terrific desire. Tempeh, miso, those are all complete soy meals, in addition to some of the greater processed stuff.And so you look within the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got tons of movies approximately it. So yeah, you just don’t trust the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And only for the men obtainable which can be concerned that they could develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But via excessive soy—they had been actually ingesting gallons of soy milk a day, so I forget about… I assume a few people, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that level you could in reality get sufficient alpha receptor hobby to simply have seasoned-estrogenic results. So the response is not to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it would be healthy. So soy intake within men is related to decrease prostate most cancers chance, that is the primary cancer killer specific to guys.Gianna good enough, query wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti-inflammatory weight loss program, no wonder, can be one of the first-rate dietary treatments for inflammatory diseases within standard, including auto-immune ailment.So for example, multiple sclerosis, which is an car-immune ailment in which your body attacks your very own nerves, the single nice recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, some thing, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-primarily based weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the only. So it’s now not just safer, inexpensive.No, the only remedy ever published within the peer reviewed clinical clinical literature, a plant-based weight loss plan.
Chron’s sickness, same issue. A study out of Japan using a plant-based eating regimen, some of the first-class relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disorder is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme about goal measures which include grip strength and inflammatory markers inside the blood stream or simply in terms of first-rate of existence for people affected by those sicknesses. Auto-immune disease, we just don’t have plenty of suitable information for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 study determined that individuals who devour strictly plant-primarily based diets have the very best shares of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, which means regular thyroid function, and so it can prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s never been any study that certainly put plant-primarily based diets to the take a look at in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speakme approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s other varieties of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have facts for, however it might make experience if it really works for these kinds of other automobile-immune diseases, it works for these different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory weight loss program could have this impact.And part of that anti-inflammatory electricity is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might think fiber?We assume like bowel fitness or some thing.
It’s simply kind of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our top gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our intestine. And we used to assume that was just gut fitness, but now we know that our microbiome, our pleasant flora down in our colon genuinely could have consequences on our immune device, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch observed in abundance within only one place: whole plant foods, and a number of those compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re wreck down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated all through your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan based totally, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, definitely nutrition B12 is critically vital for all people eating a wholesome weight-reduction plan, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest supply.Once a week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, however critically vital from a everyday dependable source.If you’re not getting sufficient sun… Now, if you’re light skinned enough and young sufficient and skinny enough and stay at a latitude that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the diet D you need.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it is if you’re caught at a table task all day, no longer getting outside, wherein case you’d want to supplement your diet with nutrition D, the light diet. I propose 2,000 worldwide devices of vitamin D3 an afternoon.So, I mean intravenous vitamin C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going again to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It become because—thrilling—sort of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the kind of magnificent effects that had been at the start visible, however they have been the usage of oral nutrition C.We used to think, nicely, oral diet C is similar to intravenous diet C, however no, our frame absolutely clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t be counted either way, you’ll absorb all of it. But as soon as your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is set five servings of end result and veggies well worth—your body begins clamping “that’s a touch too much.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, in order that they sincerely weren’t uncovered to the same amount.And so i have a whole series of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for cancer if you’re inquisitive about that;
I inspire humans to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—ought to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it terrible for the thyroid to consume them uncooked? Oh, my God.We should consume cruciferous greens within whichever way gets us to devour the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way will get you to eat the maximum.In fact cruciferous vegetables are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate about all of the ingredients I encourage people to get and healthy into their each day recurring.So, you already know, greens each day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the high-quality beverage, the exceptional sweeteners, how an awful lot workout to get—simply to form of encourage human beings to try to in shape some of the healthies of healthful meals into the weight loss plan.And one of those boxes I encourage humans to tick off every day, you’re not going to fit—you’re now not going to check off the day except you get a few form of cruciferous greens, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, these kind of extremely good greens. And so basically but you get them to your weight-reduction plan, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a awesome go-to manner to get greens for your breakfast.
And I form of damage a few white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to test those off. But, yeah, placed them in a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;so long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the maximum crucial factor.
Now you can overdo, I imply you may overdo raw cruciferous vegetables which have this so known as goitrogenic compounds that are determined within lots of healthful ingredients, now not most effective broccoli, however additionally flaxseeds and some of different healthy matters. But the reply isn't to avoid these truely healthy foods;it’s simply to get sufficient iodine because those goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re sincerely marginally not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting a lot of broccoli and cruciferous can definitely affect your tiers. So the response, you just make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so that you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then just like dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the extra methods you could get them into your weight loss program, the higher.There turned into this famous case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I forget, it become like literally heaps of kilos of uncooked bok choy, she became on some loopy diet, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 kilos… ok, but… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire people, proper. And appearance, we’re speakme approximately ingredients with medicinal consequences.I mean we should count on like if you can eat as a good deal—I mean if there’s an infinite amount of some thing that you could be uncovered to, possibly doesn’t have tons “uumph” to it, proper?
But the truth that, appearance, no, some of these foods may have powerful consequences on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a positive degree that you want to live through, but fortuitously they’re all without difficulty within any form of usual culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, a part of the purpose that people soak or sprout nuts is to get rid of the phytates.So there was this concept, based totally on studies on dogs returned within the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you may remove the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and then you’d maximize your calcium absorption and different essential minerals. But we now know not simplest is that no longer the case, however phytates are without a doubt healthful for you, sincerely beneficial consequences of phytates, so we need to certainly try to get as an awful lot phytates within our eating regimen as possible, and the way we do this is by using ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d as a substitute no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which might be those glycotoxins related to increased chance of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and multiplied growing old and every type of really terrible things. And it’s formed while excessive fats, excessive protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily excessive warmth, dry heat.And so nearly all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled hen, that kind of thing—extremely excessive.
So if you look at it, whereas plant ingredients have almost nothing regardless of what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and you’re no longer going to produce a problem, however there are uncommon plant foods which might be excessive within protein outcomes, including nuts, including soy. So we need to genuinely, preferably must not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a good concept on a normal basis due to those ages.So that’s why we clearly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, absolutely complete nuts are higher due to the fact you really chew down to little debris—no matter how properly you bite, you usually simplest fracture right down to about 2 mm, that's a thousand times large than the particles observed within nut butters.And the reason that’s vital is because those cellular partitions and those little cubes, which contain masses of lots of intact partitions, without a doubt guard all the nutrients interior from absorption on your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut plants.
So whilst we devour simply acellular foods, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we consume 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t do away with the fiber, however all of the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small gut, leaving very little for our gut flowers on the cease.
Whereas in case you devour complete intact grains or whole beans, then there's simply these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our right bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get incredible sources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral dealer talk. Somebody ought to examine crop nutrient decline over the last half century, maybe 15%.So people trying to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re seeking to sell you some thing.
We can truly study the insights; the USDA tracks vitamins in the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, good enough, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli in place of a 1/2 century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For individuals who say everyone’s exclusive, so all of us require one-of-a-kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does a whole meals, plant-primarily based diet help us stay longer, more healthy lives, anybody? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food plan and there’s a lemur diet.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy diet.
No, there’s a food plan that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We developed for millions of years.So we broke from our last great ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow exceptional apes ate, which is largely greens and fruit. We had been a plant-based food regimen, almost exclusively plant-based totally eating regimen, and only inside the last 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing the way to make gear and hunting, etc.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting complete meals, plant based—so no surprise that the same sort of weight loss plan that reverses coronary heart disorder, the number one killer of ladies and men, is the identical weight loss plan that still reverses diabetes, and the identical weight loss program that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel because, appearance, the anti-inflammatory weight loss program is a food plan that helps your arteries anywhere in the course of your frame.I mean, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based eating regimen ought to do, reverse the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default weight loss plan until validated in any other case?
In reality that it could also prevent or opposite other leading killers might appear to make the case for plant-based ingesting truly overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing resources with them.
So on occasion it’s hard; human beings placed up their defenses whilst someone attempts—whilst each person involves us with some new concept that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s simply this form of herbal response to kind of want to preserve on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-party assets:
“Here’s a fantastic documentary, right here’s a great internet site, right here’s a tremendous ebook,” and then they could kind of take it within on themselves, after which sort of the incentive comes from within instead of feeling a person’s trying to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one of my favourite approaches.And share top notch food!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I stay that lengthy or just sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s virtually the first-rate of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes extraordinary and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-primarily based consuming is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t know my line. Where’s my cue card?