Author: Joe Fowler
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about calcium magnesium. In this article we'll discuss calcium magnesium.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a doctor, that specialize in lifestyle medicine the usage of food regimen and workout not simplest save you disorder, however to deal with and reverse it as well.
And it all truly goes lower back to my grandma. You understand, I assume the spark for lots children to need to be a physician when they develop up is looking a grandparent get unwell or even die, however for me was watching my grandma get higher.She changed into identified with quit degree heart disease.
Already had so many pass surgeries, nothing more the docs should do. She was despatched home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one in all our early lifestyle remedy pioneers, and what happened next is in reality detailed within Pritikin’s biography, to speak about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She changed into taking walks 10 miles a day, and although she become given her medical death sentence at age 65, way to a healthful weight loss program turned into capable of enjoy some other 31 years on the earth to age 96, to continue to enjoy her six grandkids together with me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I exercise the form of medication I do, life-style medication.
I simply need to do to your family what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s terrific. First query:how an awful lot fat and protein can we want daily?
What are the nice assets? And how a great deal ought to athletes be ingesting?Well, , we don’t eat macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fat unfastened junk meals, we’ll provide you with… I suggest any form of junk food you want because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all about whatever unique element, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all these items, and that gives us this kind of health halo, while within reality it have to all be about food. And the cause humans don’t talk about food is there’s no cash to be made within food.In reality, offer goes horrific;
Can’t sit on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to put an advert on television for broccoli because, you understand, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re in no way going to peer an ad on television for candy potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s not in which the income is. The gadget is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest however maximum worthwhile behavior.And so, I imply, so that’s just type of falling into the meals industry’s entice to talk of type of this reductionist view of nutrients in preference to meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I mean so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t talk about it.
That’s why the industry wants you to talk like that, however it truely has to come back down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, appearance, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you realize what else is within dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fats in this United States.
People suppose like steak or some thing. No, the number one supply of saturated fat is dairy, yes, the primary supply of calcium, but sure, there’s protein in beef, yes, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as a lot as Burger King says you can “have it your manner,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however hold the saturated fat, maintain the hormones, hold the cholesterol.” I know, it’s a package deal— food is a package deal deal. So the element approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you know, darkish green leafy veggies as an alternative, then it’s like, nicely, the luggage is truly an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff lacking from form of the dairy source.
So that’s how we think in phrases of food. So in case you inquire from me what are the exceptional ingredients that occur to have fat within them, nicely, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus instead of the luggage.In phrases of protein assets, all and sundry who doesn’t realize how to get protein on a plant-primarily based food plan doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also a number of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all kinds of things.So complete plant ingredients are the healthiest manner to get almost all your nutrients, and that’s genuinely, I assume, how we ought to think about those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of electricity to me.I suggest it’s the same component with like, you already know, sort of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a completely type of wasteful system. But you could put off a few little hint minerals, but that’s not surely the difficulty.I imply tap water is commonly the most inexpensive, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the reason why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s now not vital, but from a public fitness standpoint—wealthy humans can go to the dentist and afford all styles of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their enamel—however from a public health scale, I mean that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which won't have the dental care that you have, and so when you have a dental problem, no massive deal, go to the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental hassle, they may lose their enamel, because of this losing plenty of their vitamins or being in continual pain.And virtually from a public fitness point of view fluoridated water is—in truth, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public health improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question variety three: are there any hints or special hints for ladies who choose to devour a plant-primarily based food plan while pregnant, and who also pick to raise youngsters plant primarily based after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s simply that rather more important to get all of the nutrition you need, and so it’s basically all the same advice you’d deliver to all of us consuming a healthy eating regimen, eating a plant-primarily based diet.
Critically essential: nutrition B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made through vegetation.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by way of animals which includes your self when you walk outside; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the alternative one’s diet B12.
Not made by way of flora, now not made by using animals both; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you already know, we may want to get all of the B12 we wished drinking well water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term in the past, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a whole lot of B12 within our water any extra.
Don’t get a number of cholera both. It’s a terrific component that we stay in a nice sanitary international, but due to that we need to get a regular dependable source of B12.Critically crucial, in particular for pregnant girls, but for all people.
During pregnancy iodine’s crucial, a mineral often missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s essential, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our kids healthy?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, within the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the fine-promoting books ever, 2nd only to the Bible possibly in this United States of America.
Where within his last version he wrote, within his 90s before he died, encouraged all children be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he may want to see what the grandparents were loss of life from and notice this burgeoning childhood weight problems epidemic. So truely we must raise our youngsters in the healthiest possible way.That method now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That method having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms within the home, and an entire meals, plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan—certainly fundamental, simple. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reliable position paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are appropriate for all ranges of the lifestyle, including pregnancy and infancy and on thru vintage age.So genuinely, we must all be elevating wholesome children, and in reality, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e-book on raising vegan youngsters;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two matters approximately it. Gianna ok, wide variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why both ladies and men want no longer fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the internet.If you take a look at the technological know-how, though, it’s virtually simply sort of a brilliant scientific consensus in terms of people.
I mean, the laboratory animal reports, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or exclusive traces of mice have distinct effects. When we sooner or later had human information, so as an example breast most cancers, you can see issues at the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t realize until 2004, the first research that actually put it to the take a look at and actually followed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that study and within all of five experiences achieved so far, each single one found that ladies with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor tremendous or negative, whether they had been on Tamoxifen or now not—all constantly more survival;placed all of them together, extra survival, decrease cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve regarded that ingesting soy, especially during formative years, can reduce the danger of getting breast most cancers inside the first place, however now we know it’s associated with progressed survival as properly. So wait a 2d.How is that feasible when it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s virtually two forms of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted scenario:alpha, beta—so essentially your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by way of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a different form of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy on the frame subjects at the ratio of those exceptional receptors and one-of-a-kind organs of the frame.And so it in reality has seasoned-estrogen outcomes in which you need it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It surely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, within reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes where you need it, for instance inside the breast, reducing breast cancer chance and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate time period for essentially the high-quality of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer danger. And so that you don’t must consume it;all the legumes are healthy, and that i encourage people to eat whole soy assets like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you could get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a first rate choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all complete soy meals, in addition to some of the greater processed stuff.And so that you look inside the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got heaps of videos approximately it. So yeah, you simply don’t consider the craziness you study at the internet.Gianna And only for the males accessible which are involved that they could grow breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy consumption.
But via immoderate soy—they had been literally consuming gallons of soy milk a day, so I overlook… I assume some people, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that degree you may truly get sufficient alpha receptor interest to truely have pro-estrogenic outcomes. So the reply isn't to avoid soy, however not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it would be healthful. So soy consumption within men is associated with lower prostate most cancers danger, which is the primary most cancers killer precise to men.Gianna ok, question quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory diet, no marvel, can be one of the nice dietary remedies for inflammatory diseases within wellknown, including auto-immune disease.So for instance, multiple sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune ailment wherein your frame assaults your own nerves, the unmarried first-class recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, anything, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-based eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food plan, so the only. So it’s not just more secure, less expensive.No, the simplest treatment ever published within the peer reviewed clinical scientific literature, a plant-based weight-reduction plan.
Chron’s sickness, identical element. A research out of Japan the usage of a plant-based food plan, some of the nice relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disease is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speaking approximately goal measures including grip power and inflammatory markers within the blood stream or simply in terms of exceptional of existence for people suffering from these illnesses. Auto-immune ailment, we just don’t have numerous excellent facts for.We have statistics, so the Adventist 2 poll observed that folks that consume strictly plant-based diets have the highest shares of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, which means normal thyroid characteristic, and so it is able to save you thyroid troubles.
But there’s never been any study that without a doubt put plant-based totally diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speakme approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s other varieties of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have statistics for, but it would make feel if it really works for these kind of other vehicle-immune diseases, it really works for these different inflammatory illnesses, an anti inflammatory food plan might have this effect.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could assume fiber?We assume like bowel health or something.
It’s just type of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our appropriate gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to assume that turned into simply intestine fitness, but now we know that our microbiome, our pleasant plants down within our colon clearly may have results on our immune machine, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch located in abundance within best one area: whole plant meals, and a number of those compounds have anti-inflammatory results.They’re spoil down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated at some stage in your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like nutrition C drips? Well, virtually nutrition B12 is critically vital for everybody eating a healthful food plan, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive supply.Once a week is all you want.
Costs much less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, but significantly important from a everyday reliable source.If you’re not getting sufficient solar… Now, if you’re light skinned enough and younger enough and thin enough and stay at a latitude that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day solar, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it's far in case you’re caught at a desk task all day, not getting out of doors, in which case you’d want to complement your food plan with vitamin D, the light nutrition. I advise 2,000 international devices of nutrition D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer remedy, going again to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It became considering—thrilling—type of debunked by means of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans a whole bunch of diet C; didn’t see the kind of fantastic outcomes that have been initially visible, however they were the usage of oral vitamin C.We used to assume, well, oral vitamin C is similar to intravenous vitamin C, but no, our body virtually clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count both way, you’ll take in all of it. But once your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of end result and veggies really worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, in order that they actually weren’t exposed to the equal quantity.And so i've a whole shows of films on intravenous nutrition C for cancer in case you’re interested by that;
I encourage humans to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—need to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale within a smoothie powerful enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to eat them uncooked? Oh, my God.We need to consume cruciferous greens within whichever manner gets us to eat the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to devour the maximum.In fact cruciferous greens are considered one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak approximately all the meals I encourage people to get and match into their day by day ordinary.So, you recognize, veggies every day are the healthies veggies, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of ground turmeric. You understand, the high-quality beverage, the exceptional sweeteners, how an awful lot exercising to get—just to form of inspire humans to try to fit a number of the healthies of healthy ingredients into the diet.And one of those boxes I encourage humans to tick off each day, you’re now not going to in shape—you’re not going to test off the day unless you get a few form of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous greens, approximately a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, all these exceptional vegetables. And so essentially however you get them for your food plan, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a brilliant cross-to way to get greens in your breakfast.
And I kind of destroy some white beans in my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to test those off. But, yeah, put them in a smoothie, placed them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum vital component.
Now you can overdo, I imply you may overdo uncooked cruciferous greens which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which can be discovered within masses of healthful foods, now not simplest broccoli, however additionally flaxseeds and a number of different healthy things. But the option isn't to keep away from those really healthful meals;it’s simply to get enough iodine because these goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re without a doubt marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then ingesting a number of broccoli and cruciferous can genuinely have an effect on your degrees. So the option, you just make sure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, after which similar to dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the greater ways you can get them into your food plan, the higher.There become this well-known case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I overlook, it changed into like literally thousands of kilos of raw bok choy, she changed into on a few crazy weight loss program, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… good enough, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage people, right. And look, we’re speaking approximately foods with medicinal results.I mean we ought to expect like if you could consume as lots—I mean if there’s an unlimited amount of some thing that you may be exposed to, likely doesn’t have a lot “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, appearance, no, some of these foods can have powerful consequences on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a positive stage which you need to stay within, however thankfully they’re all effortlessly through any type of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, a part of the reason that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to dispose of the phytates.So there was this idea, based totally on stories on puppies again within the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you could cast off the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and other critical minerals. But we now know not most effective is that not the case, but phytates are genuinely wholesome for you, definitely beneficial outcomes of phytates, so we have to simply try and get as a lot phytates within our weight loss program as possible, and the way we do that is by ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to eat raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d rather now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are these glycotoxins associated with improved danger of kidney sickness and Alzheimer’s and expanded growing older and every kind of actually terrible things. And it’s shaped whilst excessive fats, excessive protein foods are exposed to extremely excessive heat, dry warmth.And so nearly all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled bird, that sort of element—extremely high.
So if you observe it, whereas plant ingredients have nearly nothing regardless of what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re not going to deliver a hassle, but there are uncommon plant meals that are high within protein results, such as nuts, such as soy. So we should actually, preferably need to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an amazing idea on a ordinary basis due to those a long time.So that’s why we definitely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, definitely complete nuts are higher due to the fact you virtually chunk all the way down to little particles—regardless of how well you chunk, you commonly handiest fracture down to about 2 mm, which is 1000 instances larger than the particles discovered in nut butters.And the purpose that’s important is due to the fact the ones cellular partitions and people little cubes, which incorporate masses of thousands of intact partitions, sincerely shield all the vitamins internal from absorption for your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flowers.
So whilst we eat simply acellular meals, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we consume 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the vitamins; they didn’t remove the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving little or no for our intestine plant life at the stop.
Whereas if you consume whole intact grains or whole beans, then there may be virtually those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our good bacteria, and that improves our intestine health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get tremendous sources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral dealer speak. Somebody ought to observe crop nutrient decline over the past half century, perhaps 15%.So humans trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re looking to promote you some thing.
We can honestly observe the information; the USDA tracks vitamins in the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, ok, rather than five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli in preference to a half of century ago. Fine, devour six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For people who say all of us’s unique, so we all require one of a kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice on this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally food plan assist us stay longer, more healthy lives, all people? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss plan and there’s a lemur food regimen.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few crazy food regimen.
No, there’s a weight loss plan that’s clearly tuned to our biology. We evolved for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our final extremely good ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow extraordinary apes ate, which is largely vegetables and fruit. We had been a plant-primarily based weight loss plan, nearly exclusively plant-based totally diet, and best in the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing the way to make tools and searching, and many others.And so our biology is tuned to eating entire food, plant based—so no wonder that the same form of food regimen that reverses coronary heart ailment, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the equal food regimen that still reverses diabetes, and the identical weight loss program that reverses excessive blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory diet is a eating regimen that allows your arteries everywhere in the course of your frame.I suggest, look, if that’s all a plant-based totally food regimen could do, opposite the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default weight loss program until demonstrated in any other case?
In reality that it is able to also save you or reverse different leading killers might appear to make the case for plant-primarily based eating simply overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing assets with them.
So every so often it’s difficult; human beings put up their defenses when a person attempts—whilst anybody comes to us with some new idea that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s just this form of herbal reaction to type of want to keep on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-birthday party assets:
“Here’s a tremendous documentary, right here’s a tremendous internet site, here’s a first rate e-book,” and then they can sort of take it in on themselves, after which form of the inducement comes from within as opposed to feeling someone’s attempting to tell them to do some thing. So that’s certainly one of my favourite methods.And share top notch meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I live that long or simply sense like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s absolutely the pleasant of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a second. Tastes superb and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-primarily based consuming is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?