Author: Ivan Red Jr.
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about daily value of protein. In this article we'll discuss daily value of protein.
Happy to be here.
i'm a physician, that specialize in lifestyle remedy the use of weight loss plan and exercising now not simplest save you sickness, however to treat and reverse it as well.
And all of it sincerely is going again to my grandma. You know, I assume the spark for lots kids to want to be a physician once they grow up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me turned into looking my grandma get better.She turned into identified with give up level coronary heart disease.
Already had so many pass surgical procedures, not anything more the medical doctors may want to do. She become sent home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early life-style medicine pioneers, and what passed off subsequent is absolutely particular within Pritikin’s biography, to speak about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she or he walked out a few weeks later.
She was walking 10 miles a day, and even though she became given her clinical dying sentence at age 65, way to a healthful eating regimen changed into able to enjoy every other 31 years on this planet to age 96, to maintain to revel in her six grandkids including me. So that’s why I went into medicine.That’s why I exercise the form of remedy I do, way of life medicinal drug.
I just need to do on your family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s terrific. First question:how much fat and protein can we want each day?
What are the first-rate assets? And how a great deal need to athletes be ingesting?Well, you know, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You want Paleo junk meals, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fats free junk meals, we’ll come up with… I mean any type of junk meals you want because it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about whatever specific thing, right?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these items, and that gives us this sort of fitness halo, whilst within reality it have to all be approximately meals. And the purpose people don’t talk approximately meals is there’s no cash to be made within food.In truth, produce goes horrific;
Can’t sit down at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't going to place an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you understand, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re never going to see an advert on tv for sweet potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s not where the profit is. The gadget is installation to reward simply the unhealthiest however maximum profitable behavior.And so, I suggest, so that’s just kind of falling into the meals enterprise’s trap to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients rather than meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, right? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you can’t speak about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to speak like that, but it in reality has to return down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, appearance, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you realize what else is within dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fat in this us of a.
People think like steak or some thing. No, the number one source of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the primary source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in pork, yes, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as lots as Burger King says you can “have it your manner,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however keep the saturated fat, keep the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal. So the aspect about that, so in case you get your calcium from, , dark green leafy veggies rather, then it’s like, properly, the luggage is sincerely an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from type of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we suppose in phrases of meals. So in case you inquire from me what are the exceptional meals that take place to have fats within them, well, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you just get the bonus in preference to the luggage.In terms of protein resources, everybody who doesn’t know how to get protein on a plant-primarily based eating regimen doesn’t recognize beans, right?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant state. And then additionally a number of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all types of things.So entire plant meals are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your vitamins, and that’s absolutely, I suppose, how we have to think about the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question range :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the form of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off kind of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the science around that. Distilled water just sort of appears a waste of power to me.I imply it’s the identical component with like, you realize, sort of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a totally kind of wasteful manner. But you can eliminate some little hint minerals, but that’s no longer honestly the difficulty.I suggest tap water is normally the most inexpensive, safest source of ingesting water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the purpose why we don’t develop old and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride although?
It’s now not necessary, however from a public health point of view—rich humans can go to the dentist and afford all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their teeth—however from a public fitness scale, I mean that’s how you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no large deal, go to the dentist, proper? But in the event that they have a dental hassle, they may lose their enamel, which means losing numerous their nutrition or being in continual pain.And surely from a public fitness point of view fluoridated water is—in fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public fitness innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any recommendations or special suggestions for girls who pick to eat a plant-based totally weight loss program at the same time as pregnant, and who additionally pick out to raise youngsters plant based after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s just that much more essential to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s basically all the identical recommendation you’d deliver to anyone ingesting a healthful eating regimen, consuming a plant-based weight-reduction plan.
Critically essential: diet B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made with the aid of vegetation.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by way of animals which includes your self when you walk outdoor; it’s the sunshine vitamin.And the alternative one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by way of plant life, now not made via animals either; made by little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you understand, we should get all the B12 we wished drinking nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time in the past, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have lots of B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get a variety of cholera both. It’s an amazing component that we live in a pleasant sanitary international, but due to that we want to get a ordinary dependable source of B12.Critically essential, in particular for pregnant ladies, but for each person.
During being pregnant iodine’s crucial, a mineral regularly lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s vital, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended daily allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our kids healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th edition of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the fine-selling books ever, 2nd most effective to the Bible perhaps on this United States of America.
Where within his last edition he wrote, in his 90s before he died, encouraged all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he ought to see what the grandparents have been dying from and see this burgeoning youth obesity epidemic. So surely we have to boost our children in the healthiest feasible way.That method no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and an entire meals, plant-primarily based weight loss plan—clearly primary, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reputable position paper says strictly plant-based diets are appropriate for all ranges of the way of life, inclusive of being pregnant and infancy and on through vintage age.So truly, we have to all be raising healthy children, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a book on elevating vegan youngsters;
he’s got six, so he knows one or two things approximately it. Gianna ok, wide variety four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both men and women need not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All types of nuttiness out on the net.If you look at the technology, although, it’s sincerely just kind of a brilliant scientific consensus within terms of people.
I imply, the laboratory animal experiences, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or different lines of mice have different outcomes. When we eventually had human statistics, so as an instance breast cancer, you could see issues on the net approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise till 2004, the primary statistic that in reality positioned it to the check and in fact accompanied breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and a few that didn’t, simply to look who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that research and within all of five stories achieved so far, each unmarried one discovered that girls with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor wonderful or poor, whether they were on Tamoxifen or not—all always more survival;placed them all collectively, extra survival, decrease cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve regarded that ingesting soy, in particular at some point of childhood, can reduce the chance of getting breast most cancers in the first location, but now we comprehend it’s related to progressed survival as well. So wait a 2nd.How is that viable whilst it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s really types of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted tale:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by way of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinct type of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the results of soy on the frame matters on the ratio of these exceptional receptors and exclusive organs of the body.And so it actually has seasoned-estrogen outcomes where you need it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It truely reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, for example, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic effects in which you want it, for instance within the breast, decreasing breast most cancers risk and enhancing breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate time period for essentially the pleasant of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers chance. And so you don’t ought to consume it;all of the legumes are healthy, and i encourage humans to eat complete soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you could get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a outstanding desire. Tempeh, miso, those are all whole soy ingredients, as well as a number of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance within the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got lots of motion pictures approximately it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you study on the net.Gianna And only for the males obtainable which can be involved that they could develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But by means of immoderate soy—they have been actually consuming gallons of soy milk a day, so I forget about… I assume a few humans, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that level you can actually get enough alpha receptor activity to truely have pro-estrogenic results. So the option isn't to keep away from soy, but not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it would be healthy. So soy intake in guys is related to lower prostate cancer chance, that's the primary cancer killer unique to guys.Gianna adequate, query number five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory food plan, no marvel, can be one of the excellent dietary remedies for inflammatory diseases in trendy, along with car-immune ailment.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, that is an car-immune sickness where your frame attacks your personal nerves, the unmarried satisfactory recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, something, no tablets—have ever beaten out a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the only. So it’s not simply safer, cheaper.No, the only remedy ever published inside the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-based totally weight loss plan.
Chron’s ailment, equal element. A statistic out of Japan the usage of a plant-primarily based eating regimen, some of the best relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disease is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme approximately objective measures together with grip electricity and inflammatory markers in the blood flow or simply in phrases of first-rate of existence for humans affected by these sicknesses. Auto-immune disorder, we just don’t have a number of top records for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 statistic observed that those who eat strictly plant-primarily based diets have the highest rates of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, that means regular thyroid feature, and so it can prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s never been any poll that in reality put plant-based diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speaking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other types of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have data for, but it'd make sense if it really works for some of these other car-immune illnesses, it works for these other inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory diet would have this effect.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel health or something.
It’s just form of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, however our correct gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to think that turned into simply intestine health, however now we realize that our microbiome, our pleasant vegetation down within our colon certainly could have effects on our immune system, even our mental health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch found in abundance within simplest one location: entire plant meals, and a number of these compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re spoil down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated at some stage in your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan based, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, sincerely nutrition B12 is critically vital for anybody ingesting a healthful weight loss plan, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that's the cheapest source.Once per week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, however seriously critical from a normal dependable supply.If you’re not getting sufficient solar… Now, in case you’re mild skinned enough and younger sufficient and thin sufficient and live at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the vitamin D you want.
But it doesn’t count number how sunny it's miles if you’re stuck at a desk task all day, no longer getting outside, in which case you’d want to supplement your food plan with diet D, the sunshine diet. I endorse 2,000 worldwide devices of nutrition D3 a day.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer treatment, going lower back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It become considering the fact that—interesting—form of debunked by means of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the type of excellent results that were at the start visible, but they have been using oral diet C.We used to suppose, well, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous diet C, but no, our frame clearly clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t remember both way, you’ll take in it all. But once your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is about five servings of end result and vegetables well worth—your frame begins clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your body starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, in order that they simply weren’t exposed to the identical quantity.And so i have an entire series of movies on intravenous nutrition C for cancer in case you’re interested by that;
I inspire human beings to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—have to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it bad for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We have to devour cruciferous vegetables in whichever manner gets us to devour the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to consume the maximum.In fact cruciferous veggies are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate about all of the ingredients I encourage human beings to get and suit into their every day habitual.So, you realize, veggies every day are the healthies greens, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You understand, the pleasant beverage, the nice sweeteners, how tons exercise to get—just to sort of inspire people to try to in shape a number of the healthies of wholesome foods into the weight loss plan.And one of these boxes I encourage humans to tick off every day, you’re not going to fit—you’re now not going to test off the day unless you get a few shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a half cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of uncooked.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, these types of exquisite vegetables. And so basically however you get them on your food regimen, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a fantastic cross-to way to get greens in your breakfast.
And I kind of smash a few white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to check those off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, placed them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most essential element.
Now you may overdo, I mean you may overdo uncooked cruciferous greens which have this so called goitrogenic compounds which might be discovered in masses of wholesome meals, no longer handiest broccoli, however additionally flaxseeds and a number of other healthy matters. But the reply isn't to avoid those absolutely wholesome meals;it’s just to get sufficient iodine because those goitrogenic compounds simply intervene with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re honestly marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then consuming a number of broccoli and cruciferous can without a doubt have an effect on your ranges. So the answer, you just ensure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then similar to darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the more approaches you may get them into your weight loss program, the better.There was this well-known case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I forget about, it changed into like literally heaps of pounds of raw bok choy, she become on some loopy food plan, and actually did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… good enough, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage humans, right. And appearance, we’re talking approximately foods with medicinal results.I imply we must expect like if you could devour as a whole lot—I imply if there’s an infinite amount of some thing that you could be exposed to, probably doesn’t have much “uumph” to it, right?
But the reality that, appearance, no, a number of these foods may have powerful results on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a sure degree which you need to stay within, however fortunately they’re all without problems within any form of typical culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, a part of the motive that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to get rid of the phytates.So there was this thought, based on experiences on puppies returned inside the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you could get rid of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and you then’d maximize your calcium absorption and other crucial minerals. But we now recognise no longer best is that now not the case, however phytates are truely healthy for you, truly beneficial effects of phytates, so we have to virtually try and get as much phytates within our food regimen as possible, and the manner we do this is by using consuming our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d as an alternative no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which are those glycotoxins related to extended risk of kidney sickness and Alzheimer’s and expanded aging and every type of truly awful things. And it’s fashioned when high fat, high protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily high warmth, dry warmth.And so nearly all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled hen, that form of factor—extraordinarily excessive.
So if you look at it, whereas plant meals have almost nothing irrespective of what you do—I mean you can grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to produce a hassle, however there are uncommon plant meals which can be excessive within protein effects, inclusive of nuts, including soy. So we need to really, preferably ought to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an amazing idea on a normal foundation due to those ages.So that’s why we certainly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, honestly complete nuts are higher due to the fact you without a doubt bite down to little debris—irrespective of how well you chew, you typically best fracture down to about 2 mm, that is 1000 times larger than the particles observed in nut butters.And the reason that’s essential is because those mobile partitions and people little cubes, which contain loads of lots of intact walls, simply protect all the nutrients interior from absorption on your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flora.
So while we consume simply acellular meals, powders like flour merchandise, even if it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t dispose of the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed in the small gut, leaving very little for our intestine vegetation on the cease.
Whereas if you devour entire intact grains or entire beans, then there may be in reality these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our suitable micro organism, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, where are we able to get notable assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral dealer talk. Somebody ought to examine crop nutrient decline over the last 1/2 century, perhaps 15%.So people trying to promote you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, just due to the fact they’re looking to promote you something.
We can genuinely examine the information; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you need to consume six florets of broccoli as opposed to a half of century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For those who say anybody’s one of a kind, so we all require exclusive diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does an entire meals, plant-based diet assist us live longer, more healthy lives, everyone? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss program and there’s a lemur food regimen.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get some crazy eating regimen.
No, there’s a eating regimen that’s clearly tuned to our biology. We developed for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our remaining tremendous ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow exquisite apes ate, which is largely veggies and fruit. We were a plant-based totally food regimen, almost solely plant-primarily based weight loss plan, and most effective within the remaining 10% of our evolution did we start knowing the way to make tools and searching, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to eating whole food, plant based totally—so no surprise that the same form of weight-reduction plan that reverses coronary heart disease, the number one killer of men and women, is the identical food regimen that still reverses diabetes, and the equal weight-reduction plan that reverses excessive blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes experience because, look, the anti-inflammatory eating regimen is a weight-reduction plan that enables your arteries anywhere all through your body.I mean, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based diet should do, reverse the number one killer of men and women, shouldn’t that be type of the default eating regimen till demonstrated in any other case?
In fact that it may also prevent or reverse other leading killers could seem to make the case for plant-based ingesting truely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing resources with them.
So on occasion it’s hard; human beings put up their defenses while someone tries—when anyone involves us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s just this form of herbal response to kind of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing form of 1/3-birthday party resources:
“Here’s a excellent documentary, right here’s a first-rate website, right here’s a remarkable e book,” and then they can sort of take it within on themselves, after which type of the incentive comes from within rather than feeling someone’s attempting to tell them to do something. So that’s considered one of my favored approaches.And percentage super meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I live that lengthy or simply experience like I lived that long? But no, it’s surely the fine of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes extraordinary and also you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based eating is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t realize my line. Where’s my cue card?