Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about diet tips. In this article we'll discuss diet tips.
Happy to be here.
i'm a doctor, focusing on way of life medicine using diet and exercise not simplest prevent disorder, but to deal with and opposite it as well.
And all of it definitely goes lower back to my grandma. You know, I suppose the spark for plenty youngsters to want to be a medical doctor after they grow up is watching a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, however for me turned into looking my grandma get higher.She become recognized with cease stage heart disease.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgical procedures, not anything greater the medical doctors should do. She changed into sent home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early way of life medicine pioneers, and what came about subsequent is clearly particular in Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out some weeks later.
She changed into taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and although she became given her clinical death sentence at age 65, way to a wholesome eating regimen was capable of revel in another 31 years on the earth to age 96, to preserve to revel in her six grandkids inclusive of me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I exercise the sort of medicine I do, lifestyle medicine.
I just want to do in your family what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s fantastic. First question:how a lot fats and protein do we want each day?
What are the best resources? And how plenty ought to athletes be eating?Well, you recognize, we don’t consume macro nutrients;
we don’t eat micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk food, we’ll give you fats free junk meals, we’ll provide you with… I imply any sort of junk meals you need because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all about whatever particular thing, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these items, and that offers us this sort of fitness halo, while within reality it ought to all be approximately food. And the motive human beings don’t speak about meals is there’s no cash to be made in food.In reality, provide goes awful;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower is not going to place an advert on television for broccoli because, you realize, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no cash to be made.You’re never going to look an advert on tv for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s just no money to be made.
That’s no longer wherein the earnings is. The device is installation to praise simply the unhealthiest but most profitable behavior.And so, I imply, so that’s just type of falling into the food industry’s lure to talk of type of this reductionist view of vitamins in preference to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I imply so fats, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you may’t communicate approximately it.
That’s why the industry wishes you to speak like that, however it sincerely has to return all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you know what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fat on this U.S.A.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the number one source of saturated fats is dairy, yes, the primary supply of calcium, however yes, there’s protein in pork, sure, there’s iron within red meat, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as tons as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but hold the saturated fats, preserve the hormones, maintain the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a bundle— meals is a package deal deal. So the element about that, so if you get your calcium from, , darkish green leafy vegetables alternatively, then it’s like, properly, the bags is without a doubt an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from form of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we suppose in phrases of food. So if you question me what are the quality ingredients that show up to have fats within them, well, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus in place of the luggage.In terms of protein sources, anyone who doesn’t realize a way to get protein on a plant-based weight loss program doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also some of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all varieties of matters.So whole plant meals are the healthiest way to get nearly all of your vitamins, and that’s definitely, I assume, how we must consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the kind of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, rip-off form of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the science around that. Distilled water just kind of appears a waste of strength to me.I imply it’s the same thing with like, , type of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a very form of wasteful system. But you may get rid of a few little hint minerals, however that’s no longer actually the issue.I imply faucet water is generally the most inexpensive, safest source of ingesting water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow antique and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride though?
It’s no longer vital, however from a public fitness standpoint—wealthy human beings can visit the dentist and afford all forms of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—however from a public health scale, I suggest that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which won't have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental hassle, no large deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental trouble, they might lose their enamel, which means dropping quite a few their nutrition or being within chronic ache.And definitely from a public health perspective fluoridated water is—in reality, in step with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any guidelines or special tips for ladies who choose to devour a plant-based weight-reduction plan whilst pregnant, and who additionally pick out to raise youngsters plant based totally after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s simply that much more essential to get all of the vitamins you need, and so it’s essentially all the equal recommendation you’d supply to each person consuming a healthful diet, eating a plant-primarily based food plan.
Critically important: nutrition B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made with the aid of vegetation.
One’s nutrition D, which is made with the aid of animals inclusive of yourself while you stroll outside; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the other one’s nutrition B12.
Not made via plant life, now not made through animals either; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you already know, we should get all of the B12 we needed consuming well water or out of a mountain or something a long term ago, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have plenty of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get quite a few cholera either. It’s a terrific issue that we live within a pleasant sanitary global, but because of that we want to get a ordinary dependable supply of B12.Critically important, mainly for pregnant women, but for all people.
During pregnancy iodine’s essential, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s critical, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we raise our youngsters wholesome?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, inside the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that's like one of the pleasant-selling books ever, 2d best to the Bible perhaps on this U.S.
Where in his closing version he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, endorsed all children be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he could see what the grandparents have been demise from and see this burgeoning early life weight problems epidemic. So honestly we need to increase our children inside the healthiest viable manner.That way now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That manner having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms within the home, and an entire meals, plant-based eating regimen—surely fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their reputable role paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are suitable for all tiers of the life-style, including being pregnant and infancy and on via vintage age.So truely, we should all be raising wholesome youngsters, and in reality, Scott Stoll is presently writing a ebook on raising vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or things approximately it. Gianna good enough, wide variety four:please help provide an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each men and women want not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All forms of nuttiness out on the net.If you observe the science, though, it’s virtually simply sort of a wonderful scientific consensus within phrases of humans.
I mean, the laboratory animal studies, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary lines of mice have distinct outcomes. When we eventually had human stats, so as an instance breast cancer, you may see concerns at the net about, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t know till 2004, the primary study that without a doubt positioned it to the check and in reality observed breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, simply to see who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that study and in all of five studies achieved to date, every single one located that women with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor fantastic or terrible, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continually more survival;placed all of them collectively, extra survival, decrease cancer recurrence charge.
And so we’ve known that consuming soy, specifically all through early life, can lessen the hazard of having breast cancer in the first area, however now we are aware of it’s related to stepped forward survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that feasible while it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s sincerely two varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended scenario:alpha, beta—so essentially your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced via your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a one-of-a-kind type of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the effects of soy at the body matters on the ratio of those different receptors and distinct organs of the body.And so it simply has pro-estrogen outcomes wherein you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It genuinely reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, as an example, in reviews of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes where you want it, as an instance within the breast, lowering breast cancer risk and improving breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate term for basically the fine of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer chance. And so you don’t ought to devour it;all of the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage humans to eat complete soy assets like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you may get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a notable desire. Tempeh, miso, those are all complete soy meals, as well as a number of the greater processed stuff.And so that you appearance in the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve were given lots of movies about it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you study at the internet.Gianna And just for the adult males accessible which can be concerned that they might develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But by means of immoderate soy—they were literally drinking gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I neglect… I think some human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that stage you can without a doubt get enough alpha receptor pastime to honestly have seasoned-estrogenic results. So the response isn't to keep away from soy, however now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be healthful. So soy intake within men is associated with decrease prostate most cancers chance, that is the number one most cancers killer specific to guys.Gianna adequate, query range five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory food regimen, no surprise, may be one of the nice nutritional remedies for inflammatory illnesses in general, including car-immune sickness.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, that's an vehicle-immune ailment where your frame attacks your personal nerves, the unmarried pleasant recorded intervention—medical, surgical, something, no capsules—have ever crushed out a plant-based eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS diet, so the best. So it’s now not just more secure, less expensive.No, the best remedy ever published in the peer reviewed medical scientific literature, a plant-based totally food plan.
Chron’s disease, same factor. A poll out of Japan using a plant-based totally weight loss plan, some of the exceptional relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s disease is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speakme approximately objective measures which include grip energy and inflammatory markers within the blood flow or simply within phrases of pleasant of life for humans suffering from these illnesses. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have numerous excellent facts for.We have stats, so the Adventist 2 research located that folks that eat strictly plant-based totally diets have the very best rates of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, meaning regular thyroid characteristic, and so it could prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s by no means been any statistic that without a doubt positioned plant-based diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speaking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different forms of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have data for, however it'd make sense if it really works for these types of different vehicle-immune illnesses, it really works for these different inflammatory diseases, an anti inflammatory food regimen would have this impact.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We think like bowel health or something.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, however our precise gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria within our gut. And we used to think that was simply intestine health, but now we recognise that our microbiome, our pleasant vegetation down within our colon truly will have outcomes on our immune device, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, which is fiber and resistant starch located in abundance in most effective one region: whole plant foods, and some of those compounds have anti-inflammatory effects.They’re destroy down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated in the course of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and dietary supplements, vegan based totally, both taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, definitely nutrition B12 is seriously vital for each person ingesting a healthful weight loss plan, so I’d endorse 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest source.Once a week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, but seriously essential from a everyday reliable source.If you’re no longer getting sufficient solar… Now, in case you’re light skinned enough and young enough and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it's far in case you’re caught at a table job all day, no longer getting out of doors, in which case you’d need to complement your food regimen with diet D, the light nutrition. I advise 2,000 international devices of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer remedy, going returned to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It was on account that—thrilling—type of debunked with the aid of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave human beings an entire bunch of diet C; didn’t see the kind of miraculous results that were firstly visible, however they have been using oral vitamin C.We used to think, well, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous nutrition C, but no, our frame honestly clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count either way, you’ll absorb all of it. But once your body gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is about five servings of end result and veggies really worth—your body begins clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, so they truly weren’t uncovered to the same amount.And so i have an entire shows of movies on intravenous vitamin C for cancer in case you’re interested by that;
I encourage humans to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—have to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale within a smoothie powerful enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We ought to eat cruciferous veggies in whichever way gets us to consume the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to devour the most.In fact cruciferous vegetables are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all the meals I inspire people to get and in shape into their every day ordinary.So, you recognize, veggies each day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the best beverage, the exceptional sweeteners, how a whole lot exercising to get—just to sort of encourage human beings to try and match some of the healthies of healthful ingredients into the food plan.And one of those bins I encourage humans to tick off each day, you’re now not going to fit—you’re now not going to test off the day until you get a few shape of cruciferous veggies, which is ready a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, these kinds of first-rate veggies. And so basically but you get them on your weight loss program, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a splendid move-to way to get veggies to your breakfast.
And I form of destroy some white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, got to test the ones off. But, yeah, placed them in a smoothie, placed them anywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum vital component.
Now you can overdo, I suggest you can overdo uncooked cruciferous veggies which have this so called goitrogenic compounds that are observed within masses of healthful ingredients, no longer only broccoli, however additionally flaxseeds and some of other healthy things. But the reply isn't always to avoid those honestly healthy meals;it’s just to get sufficient iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds simply intervene with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re honestly marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then consuming quite a few broccoli and cruciferous can definitely have an effect on your ranges. So the option, you simply make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which similar to darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the extra approaches you may get them into your weight loss program, the higher.There was this famous case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a female who—I forget, it become like actually lots of kilos of raw bok choy, she become on a few loopy weight-reduction plan, and actually did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 kilos… ok, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And appearance, we’re speakme about meals with medicinal outcomes.I imply we have to assume like if you can eat as much—I suggest if there’s an infinite amount of something that you can be exposed to, likely doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, appearance, no, some of those foods can have effective results on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a certain degree that you need to stay through, however luckily they’re all without problems through any type of standard culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, a part of the motive that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to eliminate the phytates.So there was this idea, based totally on studies on dogs again inside the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you may cast off the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to eliminate the phytates, and you then’d maximize your calcium absorption and other essential minerals. But we now recognize not simplest is that now not the case, however phytates are without a doubt healthy for you, sincerely beneficial results of phytates, so we need to clearly try and get as lots phytates in our diet as viable, and the way we do that is through consuming our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire people to devour raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The reason we’d instead not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which are those glycotoxins associated with elevated danger of kidney sickness and Alzheimer’s and elevated aging and all kinds of truly bad things. And it’s formed when excessive fat, excessive protein foods are exposed to extremely excessive warmness, dry heat.And so nearly all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled fowl, that kind of thing—extraordinarily high.
So in case you take a look at it, while plant ingredients have nearly not anything no matter what you do—I mean you can grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to produce a hassle, but there are rare plant foods which are high in protein outcomes, together with nuts, along with soy. So we need to absolutely, preferably need to no longer—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an awesome idea on a ordinary foundation due to those a long time.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, definitely complete nuts are higher due to the fact you honestly chunk right down to little debris—regardless of how properly you bite, you commonly only fracture down to approximately 2 mm, that is one thousand times large than the debris discovered within nut butters.And the motive that’s vital is because the ones cellular walls and those little cubes, which comprise masses of heaps of intact walls, absolutely shield all of the nutrients inner from absorption to your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine vegetation.
So while we consume simply acellular meals, powders like flour merchandise, even if it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we eat 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the vitamins; they didn’t put off the fiber, however all of the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving very little for our gut flora on the stop.
Whereas if you eat whole intact grains or whole beans, then there may be actually these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our accurate bacteria, and that improves our intestine fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get superb resources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral seller communicate. Somebody ought to look at crop nutrient decline over the last half century, maybe 15%.So human beings seeking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re seeking to promote you some thing.
We can virtually examine the stats; the USDA tracks vitamins in the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, in place of five florets of broccoli, now you need to devour six florets of broccoli rather than a half of century ago. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For folks that say anybody’s different, so we all require exclusive diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally diet assist us live longer, more healthy lives, everyone? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food regimen and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy diet.
No, there’s a eating regimen that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We advanced for millions of years.So we broke from our last tremendous ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow exceptional apes ate, which is basically veggies and fruit. We had been a plant-based food plan, nearly solely plant-based totally food regimen, and only within the last 10% of our evolution did we start understanding how to make tools and looking, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to eating complete meals, plant primarily based—so no surprise that the identical type of food plan that reverses heart ailment, the primary killer of women and men, is the same food regimen that also reverses diabetes, and the same weight-reduction plan that reverses excessive blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel due to the fact, appearance, the anti inflammatory weight loss plan is a weight loss plan that allows your arteries anywhere for the duration of your body.I mean, look, if that’s all a plant-based totally eating regimen ought to do, opposite the primary killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default diet until established otherwise?
In reality that it can also save you or reverse other leading killers might seem to make the case for plant-primarily based ingesting really overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing resources with them.
So once in a while it’s hard; people placed up their defenses when a person attempts—while every body comes to us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s just this type of natural response to form of want to maintain on.That’s why sharing form of 0.33-birthday party assets:
“Here’s a extraordinary documentary, here’s a fantastic internet site, here’s a splendid e-book,” and then they can form of take it in on themselves, after which sort of the inducement comes from through rather than feeling a person’s attempting to inform them to do something. So that’s one in every of my preferred approaches.And share superb meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I live that long or simply sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s in reality the excellent of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes top notch and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based consuming is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?