Author: Marko Balašević
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about food nutrition articles. In this article we'll discuss food nutrition articles.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a medical doctor, focusing on lifestyle medication using food plan and exercise no longer only prevent disease, however to treat and reverse it as nicely.
And all of it really goes lower back to my grandma. You know, I suppose the spark for many children to need to be a physician once they grow up is looking a grandparent get unwell or even die, but for me was watching my grandma get better.She was identified with end degree heart sickness.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgeries, not anything extra the medical doctors ought to do. She become despatched domestic in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early life-style medicinal drug pioneers, and what occurred next is in reality exact within Pritikin’s biography, to speak about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and he or she walked out some weeks later.
She was walking 10 miles an afternoon, and even though she turned into given her scientific demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy diet turned into capable of experience any other 31 years in the world to age 96, to preserve to revel in her six grandkids which include me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I exercise the kind of medicine I do, lifestyle medication.
I just need to do on your family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s exquisite. First question:how lots fat and protein will we need daily?
What are the nice resources? And how tons should athletes be ingesting?Well, you already know, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fat unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I mean any kind of junk meals you need because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all approximately anything specific factor, right?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these items, and that offers us this sort of health halo, when within reality it ought to all be about food. And the cause humans don’t talk approximately food is there’s no money to be made in food.In truth, provide is going bad;
Can’t sit at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower is not going to position an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you understand, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re by no means going to look an ad on television for candy potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s no longer in which the income is. The machine is installation to praise simply the unhealthiest but maximum profitable behavior.And so, I mean, so that’s just type of falling into the meals enterprise’s trap to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients as opposed to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I suggest so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you can’t speak about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to speak like that, but it really has to come all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fat in this U.S.A.
People suppose like steak or something. No, the number one supply of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the primary source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein within pork, yes, there’s iron in red meat, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as a lot as Burger King says you could “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however hold the saturated fats, maintain the hormones, keep the ldl cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a package— meals is a bundle deal. So the aspect about that, so if you get your calcium from, you already know, darkish green leafy greens as a substitute, then it’s like, properly, the luggage is actually an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff lacking from kind of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we think within terms of food. So in case you inquire from me what are the fine ingredients that manifest to have fat within them, well, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus rather than the baggage.In terms of protein sources, every person who doesn’t recognize the way to get protein on a plant-based totally weight loss program doesn’t know beans, proper?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So entire plant foods are the healthiest manner to get almost all your nutrients, and that’s virtually, I suppose, how we should reflect onconsideration on the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off kind of stuff.
i have a video on Nutritionrecords.org that goes into the technology round that. Distilled water just sort of seems a waste of strength to me.I mean it’s the identical thing with like, , form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a totally form of wasteful process. But you could remove some little hint minerals, but that’s now not really the issue.I imply faucet water is generally the cheapest, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow antique and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride even though?
It’s now not essential, however from a public fitness standpoint—wealthy people can visit the dentist and manage to pay for all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—but from a public health scale, I mean that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental problem, no massive deal, visit the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental trouble, they might lose their teeth, which means dropping quite a few their nutrients or being in continual ache.And really from a public health perspective fluoridated water is—in fact, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public health improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question variety three: are there any tips or special guidelines for women who select to devour a plant-based food regimen while pregnant, and who also pick to elevate kids plant based totally after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re ingesting for two it’s just that much more crucial to get all of the nutrients you need, and so it’s essentially all the identical recommendation you’d provide to every body ingesting a healthful weight-reduction plan, eating a plant-based totally eating regimen.
Critically important: vitamin B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by plants.
One’s diet D, that is made by animals such as your self whilst you walk out of doors; it’s the light diet.And the alternative one’s diet B12.
Not made through plants, not made with the aid of animals either; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you recognize, we may want to get all of the B12 we needed drinking properly water or out of a mountain or something a long term in the past, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have quite a few B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get a number of cholera either. It’s a great issue that we live in a nice sanitary global, however due to that we want to get a ordinary dependable source of B12.Critically crucial, mainly for pregnant ladies, however for all of us.
During pregnancy iodine’s important, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s essential, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we raise our kids wholesome?I say sure, indeed, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the first-rate-promoting books ever, 2nd only to the Bible possibly in this U.S.
Where in his remaining version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, recommended all children be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he should see what the grandparents were loss of life from and notice this burgeoning formative years obesity epidemic. So in reality we ought to boost our youngsters within the healthiest feasible manner.That means not having them smoke cigarettes.
That manner having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms inside the home, and a whole meals, plant-based food regimen—sincerely simple, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reliable position paper says strictly plant-based diets are appropriate for all ranges of the life-style, which include pregnancy and infancy and on via antique age.So certainly, we ought to all be elevating healthful kids, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e book on elevating vegan children;
he’s got six, so he knows one or two matters approximately it. Gianna good enough, number four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why each males and females want now not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the internet.If you have a look at the science, though, it’s truly just type of a great scientific consensus within terms of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal studies, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or unique lines of mice have distinct outcomes. When we sooner or later had human stats, so as an instance breast cancer, you may see issues on the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t understand till 2004, the primary research that simply placed it to the check and in reality accompanied breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that research and within all of five reviews finished so far, each unmarried one found that girls with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor wonderful or negative, whether or not they were on Tamoxifen or not—all constantly more survival;positioned them all collectively, extra survival, decrease most cancers recurrence price.
And so we’ve known that eating soy, particularly at some point of childhood, can reduce the risk of getting breast cancer within the first area, but now we know it’s related to stepped forward survival as well. So wait a 2d.How is that feasible when it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s in reality sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted scenario:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinctive kind of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the consequences of soy on the body matters at the ratio of those exclusive receptors and different organs of the frame.And so it truly has seasoned-estrogen effects where you need it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It clearly reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, as an instance, within reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results where you want it, for instance within the breast, reducing breast most cancers chance and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy term for basically the fine of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers threat. And so you don’t should consume it;all the legumes are healthy, and that i encourage people to consume complete soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a first-rate choice. Tempeh, miso, those are all entire soy ingredients, in addition to a number of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance in the scientific literature, it’s clear.
We’ve were given tons of videos about it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And just for the men obtainable which can be concerned that they could develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But by way of immoderate soy—they were literally consuming gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I suppose some people, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you may clearly get sufficient alpha receptor activity to actually have seasoned-estrogenic consequences. So the response is not to avoid soy, however not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be healthy. So soy consumption within men is associated with decrease prostate cancer threat, that is the primary most cancers killer unique to guys.Gianna good enough, question quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti-inflammatory weight loss plan, no surprise, can be one of the best dietary treatments for inflammatory sicknesses within wellknown, which include automobile-immune sickness.So for example, more than one sclerosis, which is an vehicle-immune sickness wherein your frame attacks your own nerves, the unmarried best recorded intervention—medical, surgical, anything, no tablets—have ever crushed out a plant-primarily based weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS eating regimen, so the best. So it’s no longer just more secure, less expensive.No, the simplest remedy ever posted within the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-primarily based weight loss plan.
Chron’s disorder, identical thing. A statistic out of Japan the use of a plant-primarily based weight loss program, some of the exceptional relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s sickness is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re talking about objective measures which include grip electricity and inflammatory markers in the blood circulation or simply in phrases of great of existence for people laid low with those diseases. Auto-immune ailment, we just don’t have a whole lot of top statistics for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 study determined that people who devour strictly plant-based totally diets have the highest rates of what’s called euthyroid thyroid, that means everyday thyroid feature, and so it can prevent thyroid issues.
But there’s never been any study that actually placed plant-based totally diets to the check within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speaking about something like iodine deficiency. There’s other kinds of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have stats for, however it'd make sense if it works for these kind of different auto-immune sicknesses, it works for those other inflammatory illnesses, an anti inflammatory diet would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory strength is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel fitness or some thing.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our top intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our intestine. And we used to think that was just gut health, however now we recognise that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down within our colon virtually will have consequences on our immune machine, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch determined within abundance in handiest one area: whole plant foods, and some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory outcomes.They’re ruin down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated during your body. So that’s one of the motives why plant-primarily based diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and supplements, vegan based totally, either taken orally or intravenously like nutrition C drips? Well, in reality nutrition B12 is critically critical for anyone eating a healthy weight loss plan, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that is the most inexpensive supply.Once per week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, however seriously crucial from a everyday reliable supply.If you’re not getting enough sun… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and younger enough and skinny sufficient and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day solar, you’ll get all the vitamin D you need.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it is in case you’re stuck at a table process all day, no longer getting outdoor, wherein case you’d want to complement your diet with vitamin D, the sunshine diet. I endorse 2,000 global units of nutrition D3 a day.So, I imply intravenous diet C has been used as a cancer remedy, going lower back to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It become since—exciting—kind of debunked with the aid of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave people a whole bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the kind of incredible outcomes that have been originally seen, however they were using oral nutrition C.We used to think, nicely, oral vitamin C is similar to intravenous vitamin C, however no, our body in reality clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t be counted either way, you’ll take in it all. But as soon as your body receives over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is about five servings of end result and veggies worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a little an excessive amount of.” Your body begins clamping down on absorption, so they clearly weren’t exposed to the equal amount.And so i've an entire shows of motion pictures on intravenous diet C for most cancers in case you’re inquisitive about that;
I inspire people to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—should we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is blending uncooked kale in a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it awful for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We must eat cruciferous vegetables in whichever manner gets us to eat the maximum of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner gets you to devour the maximum.In fact cruciferous greens are considered one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak approximately all of the ingredients I encourage humans to get and in shape into their every day recurring.So, , veggies each day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You know, the excellent beverage, the first-rate sweeteners, how plenty workout to get—simply to form of encourage humans to attempt to in shape some of the healthies of healthy foods into the weight-reduction plan.And one of these containers I inspire human beings to tick off each day, you’re now not going to fit—you’re now not going to check off the day until you get some shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is ready a half of cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, most of these high-quality veggies. And so basically however you get them to your diet, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a extraordinary move-to manner to get greens on your breakfast.
And I form of smash a few white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to test the ones off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, put them everywhere;as long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the maximum critical aspect.
Now you could overdo, I suggest you can overdo uncooked cruciferous greens that have this so known as goitrogenic compounds which are determined in plenty of healthy meals, no longer only broccoli, however also flaxseeds and some of other healthful things. But the response is not to avoid these really healthy meals;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact those goitrogenic compounds just intrude with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re truely marginally not getting enough iodine, then ingesting a number of broccoli and cruciferous can definitely affect your degrees. So the response, you just make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then just like darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the extra ways you may get them into your weight-reduction plan, the better.There became this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I forget, it changed into like actually thousands of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she become on some loopy weight loss program, and actually did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… ok, but… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And appearance, we’re speakme about meals with medicinal outcomes.I suggest we must anticipate like if you could devour as a great deal—I suggest if there’s a limiteless amount of some thing that you may be uncovered to, likely doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, look, no, some of these ingredients can have effective effects on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a certain level that you want to live within, but fortunately they’re all effortlessly within any type of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, part of the reason that people soak or sprout nuts is to dispose of the phytates.So there was this thought, primarily based on stories on dogs again inside the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you can take away the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to get rid of the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and other vital minerals. But we now understand now not best is that not the case, however phytates are actually healthy for you, simply beneficial outcomes of phytates, so we have to without a doubt try and get as a whole lot phytates in our weight loss program as viable, and the manner we do that is with the aid of ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to consume raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The purpose we’d alternatively now not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are those glycotoxins associated with increased chance of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and increased ageing and all sorts of truly awful matters. And it’s fashioned when excessive fats, high protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily excessive warmth, dry heat.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that type of factor—extraordinarily excessive.
So if you take a look at it, whereas plant foods have nearly not anything irrespective of what you do—I suggest you can grill a bell pepper and you’re now not going to deliver a problem, but there are uncommon plant meals which are excessive within protein results, along with nuts, consisting of soy. So we must genuinely, preferably ought to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an awesome idea on a everyday foundation due to these ages.So that’s why we surely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, really complete nuts are better because you simply chunk right down to little debris—no matter how well you bite, you commonly best fracture down to approximately 2 mm, which is one thousand instances large than the debris located within nut butters.And the purpose that’s crucial is because those mobile walls and those little cubes, which include loads of thousands of intact partitions, honestly defend all of the vitamins inner from absorption on your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our intestine flora.
So whilst we devour simply acellular foods, powders like flour products, even though it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we consume 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t take away the fiber, however all of the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed in the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine vegetation on the cease.
Whereas in case you consume complete intact grains or complete beans, then there is genuinely these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our proper micro organism, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which are we able to get exceptional sources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral vendor talk. Somebody have to study crop nutrient decline over the past 1/2 century, perhaps 15%.So people trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, just because they’re looking to sell you something.
We can really have a look at the insights; the USDA tracks vitamins in the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, adequate, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli rather than a half of century in the past. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For individuals who say all of us’s unique, so we all require exclusive diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole meals, plant-based eating regimen assist us stay longer, healthier lives, everyone? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few loopy eating regimen.
No, there’s a weight loss plan that’s certainly tuned to our biology. We advanced for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our remaining first rate ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow wonderful apes ate, which is basically veggies and fruit. We were a plant-primarily based weight loss program, almost exclusively plant-based diet, and only inside the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we start understanding a way to make tools and looking, and many others.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting entire meals, plant primarily based—so no surprise that the identical sort of weight loss program that reverses heart disease, the primary killer of women and men, is the same weight loss plan that still reverses diabetes, and the identical weight-reduction plan that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes sense due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory food regimen is a diet that facilitates your arteries everywhere during your body.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based food regimen may want to do, opposite the number one killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default diet till tested in any other case?
In reality that it is able to also prevent or reverse different leading killers would seem to make the case for plant-based consuming truly overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing sources with them.
So on occasion it’s tough; humans positioned up their defenses when someone attempts—whilst absolutely everyone comes to us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we trust, there’s just this sort of herbal reaction to sort of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing kind of 1/3-birthday celebration resources:
“Here’s a tremendous documentary, right here’s a extraordinary internet site, right here’s a exquisite ebook,” after which they are able to type of take it within on themselves, and then sort of the incentive comes from through as opposed to feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s one in every of my favored ways.And percentage notable meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I stay that lengthy or simply feel like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s certainly the first-rate of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes splendid and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based ingesting is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t realize my line. Where’s my cue card?