Author: Ivan Red Jr.
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about healthy low carb snacks. In this article we'll discuss healthy low carb snacks.
Happy to be right here.
i am a medical doctor, specializing in lifestyle medicinal drug using weight loss program and exercising not most effective prevent sickness, however to deal with and opposite it as nicely.
And all of it honestly goes again to my grandma. You understand, I suppose the spark for lots children to need to be a health practitioner once they develop up is looking a grandparent get unwell or even die, however for me was looking my grandma get better.She was identified with cease degree coronary heart sickness.
Already had so many pass surgeries, not anything greater the doctors could do. She was despatched home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early life-style medicinal drug pioneers, and what befell next is honestly specific within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She was strolling 10 miles a day, and though she become given her scientific death sentence at age 65, thanks to a wholesome weight-reduction plan became capable of experience any other 31 years on the earth to age 96, to maintain to enjoy her six grandkids which include me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I practice the type of medication I do, way of life medicinal drug.
I simply want to do in your family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s brilliant. First question:how a whole lot fat and protein can we need daily?
What are the high-quality resources? And how a whole lot must athletes be ingesting?Well, you recognize, we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t consume micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk food, we’ll provide you with fat unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I mean any kind of junk food you want as it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all about something particular issue, right?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all this stuff, and that offers us this type of fitness halo, while within truth it should all be about meals. And the purpose human beings don’t speak approximately meals is there’s no cash to be made in meals.In fact, provide goes terrible;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to position an ad on television for broccoli due to the fact, you know, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re by no means going to see an ad on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s just no money to be made.
That’s not where the profit is. The device is installation to praise just the unhealthiest but most profitable conduct.And so, I suggest, in order that’s just kind of falling into the food enterprise’s entice to speak of kind of this reductionist view of vitamins as opposed to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I imply so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you may’t speak approximately it.
That’s why the industry desires you to talk like that, however it certainly has to come down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is within dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats on this U.S.
People think like steak or something. No, the primary supply of saturated fat is dairy, yes, the primary source of calcium, but sure, there’s protein in pork, yes, there’s iron in red meat, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as a lot as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however maintain the saturated fats, keep the hormones, maintain the ldl cholesterol.” I recognize, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal deal. So the thing approximately that, so in case you get your calcium from, you already know, darkish inexperienced leafy veggies as an alternative, then it’s like, well, the bags is honestly an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from kind of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we think in phrases of food. So in case you question me what are the satisfactory ingredients that happen to have fat in them, well, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you simply get the bonus as opposed to the baggage.In terms of protein resources, each person who doesn’t know how to get protein on a plant-primarily based food regimen doesn’t know beans, proper?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then additionally some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of things.So complete plant ingredients are the healthiest way to get almost all of your nutrients, and that’s definitely, I assume, how we have to consider those macro vitamins.
Gianna Question wide variety two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam sort of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technology round that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of power to me.I mean it’s the equal aspect with like, , sort of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a totally form of wasteful system. But you could put off some little hint minerals, but that’s no longer in reality the issue.I imply faucet water is normally the most inexpensive, most secure supply of ingesting water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t grow old and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride although?
It’s not essential, but from a public fitness perspective—rich humans can go to the dentist and afford all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her teeth—however from a public fitness scale, I suggest that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no huge deal, go to the dentist, right? But if they have a dental problem, they may lose their teeth, which means losing lots of their vitamins or being within continual ache.And actually from a public fitness viewpoint fluoridated water is—within fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public health innovations during the last century.
Gianna Question number three: are there any pointers or special tips for women who pick out to consume a plant-primarily based eating regimen whilst pregnant, and who also choose to elevate youngsters plant primarily based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s just that much more critical to get all of the vitamins you need, and so it’s basically all of the equal advice you’d give to every person eating a wholesome eating regimen, eating a plant-primarily based food plan.
Critically essential: diet B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made through flora.
One’s nutrition D, which is made by animals which include yourself when you walk out of doors; it’s the sunshine diet.And the other one’s vitamin B12.
Not made by means of plant life, now not made by way of animals both; made by means of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we could get all of the B12 we needed consuming nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term ago, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a number of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get plenty of cholera both. It’s an awesome issue that we stay within a pleasant sanitary world, however due to that we need to get a regular dependable source of B12.Critically essential, particularly for pregnant women, however for every person.
During pregnancy iodine’s important, a mineral often lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we increase our children healthy?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human records, Benjamin Spock, within the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the excellent-selling books ever, second most effective to the Bible possibly in this U.S.
Where in his closing version he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, recommended all kids be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he could see what the grandparents had been death from and see this burgeoning childhood obesity epidemic. So without a doubt we need to improve our kids in the healthiest possible manner.That means now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and a whole food, plant-based totally food regimen—clearly basic, easy. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their professional role paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are appropriate for all stages of the lifestyle, such as being pregnant and infancy and on through vintage age.So actually, we should all be elevating healthful children, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e-book on elevating vegan youngsters;
he’s were given six, so he is aware of one or two matters approximately it. Gianna ok, range four:please assist provide an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both men and women want no longer fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All types of nuttiness out at the net.If you study the technology, although, it’s sincerely simply kind of a first-rate medical consensus within phrases of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal reports, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or one of a kind traces of mice have exclusive results. When we ultimately had human statistics, so for example breast most cancers, you could see worries at the internet approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t understand till 2004, the first statistic that simply placed it to the take a look at and in fact observed breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to see who lived longer, who had much less breast cancer recurrence. And within that poll and in all of five reports done up to now, each single one determined that women with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor high-quality or negative, whether or not they have been on Tamoxifen or not—all consistently greater survival;placed all of them together, more survival, lower most cancers recurrence rate.
And so we’ve regarded that eating soy, mainly during childhood, can reduce the hazard of having breast most cancers in the first location, but now we are aware of it’s associated with stepped forward survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that feasible whilst it has estrogenic effects?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s definitely styles of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long tale:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a unique type of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the outcomes of soy at the body matters at the ratio of those special receptors and exceptional organs of the body.And so it truely has pro-estrogen outcomes in which you want it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It actually reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, as an example, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results wherein you want it, for instance within the breast, decreasing breast cancer hazard and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery term for basically the first-rate of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic effect, reduces breast cancer chance. And so you don’t have to consume it;all of the legumes are healthy, and that i encourage human beings to devour whole soy assets like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you could get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a wonderful choice. Tempeh, miso, those are all entire soy foods, as well as some of the greater processed stuff.And so you look inside the clinical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given heaps of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t consider the craziness you study at the net.Gianna And just for the men available which are worried that they may develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But by using excessive soy—they had been actually ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I assume some people, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you may without a doubt get enough alpha receptor activity to sincerely have seasoned-estrogenic consequences. So the answer is not to keep away from soy, however now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be healthful. So soy consumption in guys is associated with decrease prostate cancer hazard, which is the primary cancer killer precise to men.Gianna good enough, question number five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory weight loss plan, no surprise, may be one of the satisfactory nutritional treatments for inflammatory diseases within preferred, which includes auto-immune ailment.So as an example, multiple sclerosis, that is an car-immune disorder in which your body assaults your personal nerves, the single quality recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, something, no tablets—have ever beaten out a plant-based weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight-reduction plan, so the handiest. So it’s no longer simply safer, less expensive.No, the simplest treatment ever posted within the peer reviewed scientific medical literature, a plant-based diet.
Chron’s disease, equal issue. A poll out of Japan the use of a plant-primarily based eating regimen, a number of the first-rate relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s disorder is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speakme about goal measures including grip electricity and inflammatory markers in the blood circulate or simply in terms of high-quality of lifestyles for human beings suffering from those diseases. Auto-immune disease, we just don’t have a lot of appropriate statistics for.We have information, so the Adventist 2 statistic observed that individuals who eat strictly plant-based totally diets have the best shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, that means ordinary thyroid feature, and so it may save you thyroid issues.
But there’s by no means been any study that definitely placed plant-based totally diets to the test in phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re talking about something like iodine deficiency. There’s different sorts of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have data for, but it'd make feel if it really works for all these different vehicle-immune diseases, it works for those other inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen might have this effect.And a part of that anti inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could assume fiber?We assume like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply sort of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our proper intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our intestine. And we used to assume that changed into just intestine health, but now we recognise that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down in our colon in reality can have outcomes on our immune system, even our mental health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch discovered in abundance within most effective one location: entire plant foods, and some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory effects.They’re smash down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated for the duration of your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based totally diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, genuinely vitamin B12 is significantly critical for absolutely everyone consuming a healthful eating regimen, so I’d propose 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest supply.Once every week is all you want.
Costs much less than $5 a year. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, but critically crucial from a everyday dependable source.If you’re not getting sufficient sun… Now, in case you’re mild skinned sufficient and younger enough and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the nutrition D you need.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's far in case you’re caught at a desk process all day, no longer getting outdoor, in which case you’d want to supplement your weight loss plan with diet D, the light diet. I recommend 2,000 global units of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer treatment, going returned to the 1970s with Linus Pauling’s work.
It become considering—exciting—kind of debunked by means of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave human beings an entire bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the type of remarkable effects that had been firstly visible, however they had been the usage of oral vitamin C.We used to think, properly, oral nutrition C is the same as intravenous diet C, however no, our frame without a doubt clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t matter both manner, you’ll take in it all. But once your body receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is set five servings of fruits and greens well worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a bit too much.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, so that they simply weren’t exposed to the equal amount.And so i've a whole series of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for most cancers in case you’re inquisitive about that;
I encourage people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your preferred—must we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale in a smoothie powerful enough, and is it horrific for the thyroid to eat them raw? Oh, my God.We ought to eat cruciferous vegetables in whichever manner gets us to eat the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way will get you to eat the maximum.In reality cruciferous greens are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate approximately all the meals I inspire humans to get and in shape into their day by day ordinary.So, , greens every day are the healthies vegetables, beans every day, berries each day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the pleasant beverage, the high-quality sweeteners, how a good deal exercise to get—simply to sort of inspire human beings to try to in shape some of the healthies of healthy foods into the weight loss program.And one of these containers I inspire humans to tick off each day, you’re now not going to fit—you’re now not going to check off the day until you get a few shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of uncooked.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, most of these first rate veggies. And so basically but you get them in your eating regimen, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a fantastic cross-to way to get greens on your breakfast.
And I kind of destroy a few white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to test those off. But, yeah, positioned them in a smoothie, placed them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum critical thing.
Now you could overdo, I mean you can overdo raw cruciferous greens which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which might be located in masses of healthy meals, no longer simplest broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and a number of different healthful things. But the reply isn't always to avoid these truely healthful foods;it’s just to get enough iodine because these goitrogenic compounds just intrude with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re virtually marginally no longer getting sufficient iodine, then consuming loads of broccoli and cruciferous can virtually affect your tiers. So the option, you simply make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then similar to darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the greater ways you could get them into your weight-reduction plan, the higher.There was this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I neglect, it turned into like literally thousands of pounds of raw bok choy, she changed into on some loopy eating regimen, and in reality did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… adequate, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I inspire human beings, right. And look, we’re talking about ingredients with medicinal effects.I imply we should expect like if you could devour as tons—I imply if there’s an unlimited quantity of some thing that you can be uncovered to, possibly doesn’t have much “uumph” to it, proper?
But the truth that, appearance, no, some of these foods may have powerful results on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a certain stage that you need to stay through, but happily they’re all without difficulty within any kind of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, a part of the purpose that humans soak or sprout nuts is to put off the phytates.So there was this concept, based on stories on dogs lower back in the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and you then’d maximize your calcium absorption and other important minerals. But we now recognise now not only is that no longer the case, but phytates are truely wholesome for you, genuinely beneficial effects of phytates, so we must virtually try to get as tons phytates within our food plan as feasible, and the way we do this is with the aid of ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to eat raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d instead not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, that are those glycotoxins related to increased chance of kidney ailment and Alzheimer’s and multiplied aging and all kinds of truly horrific things. And it’s fashioned whilst high fats, excessive protein ingredients are exposed to extremely high warmness, dry warmness.And so nearly all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that type of factor—extremely high.
So if you have a look at it, whereas plant foods have nearly nothing irrespective of what you do—I suggest you may grill a bell pepper and also you’re not going to provide a problem, but there are uncommon plant ingredients which can be high in protein results, such as nuts, consisting of soy. So we must truely, preferably must now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not a very good idea on a everyday foundation due to these ages.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, certainly entire nuts are better because you simply bite right down to little debris—regardless of how properly you chunk, you typically most effective fracture down to about 2 mm, that is one thousand times larger than the debris discovered within nut butters.And the cause that’s critical is because those cellular walls and people little cubes, which contain masses of heaps of intact walls, virtually defend all the nutrients internal from absorption for your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So when we devour just acellular ingredients, powders like flour products, although it’s 100% complete wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t get rid of the fiber, however all the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine flowers on the end.
Whereas if you devour entire intact grains or complete beans, then there's sincerely those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our top bacteria, and that improves our intestine fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which can we get incredible assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy trace mineral seller communicate. Somebody need to look at crop nutrient decline during the last half century, perhaps 15%.So humans trying to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, just because they’re seeking to sell you something.
We can virtually look at the statistics; the USDA tracks vitamins inside the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, good enough, as opposed to five florets of broccoli, now you need to consume six florets of broccoli in preference to a half century in the past. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For folks who say every body’s distinctive, so all of us require special diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice on this, and does an entire meals, plant-based weight loss program help us stay longer, healthier lives, all of us? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food plan and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few crazy food plan.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our closing excellent ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow splendid apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We were a plant-based weight-reduction plan, almost exclusively plant-based totally weight loss program, and most effective inside the remaining 10% of our evolution did we start knowing how to make equipment and hunting, etc.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting complete meals, plant primarily based—so no wonder that the identical kind of weight loss program that reverses coronary heart disorder, the number one killer of women and men, is the same diet that also reverses diabetes, and the equal weight-reduction plan that reverses high blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel because, appearance, the anti-inflammatory weight-reduction plan is a food plan that facilitates your arteries everywhere for the duration of your frame.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based totally weight loss plan ought to do, reverse the number one killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default food plan until tested in any other case?
In fact that it could additionally save you or opposite different main killers would seem to make the case for plant-based consuming surely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So from time to time it’s tough; people placed up their defenses whilst a person tries—while everyone involves us with some new concept that conflicts with what we trust, there’s just this kind of natural reaction to sort of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-birthday celebration sources:
“Here’s a top notch documentary, right here’s a exquisite website, right here’s a superb book,” and then they could form of take it in on themselves, and then sort of the incentive comes from within rather than feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s one in every of my favorite approaches.And share exquisite meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I stay that long or just experience like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s clearly the high-quality of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes awesome and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally ingesting is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?