Author: Mark Velov
Time for reading: ~27
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Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about now calcium magnesium. In this article we'll discuss now calcium magnesium.
Happy to be here.
i am a doctor, that specialize in way of life remedy the usage of weight loss program and exercising no longer simplest save you sickness, but to deal with and reverse it as properly.
And all of it truely is going lower back to my grandma. You recognise, I think the spark for plenty children to want to be a doctor after they grow up is watching a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, however for me became watching my grandma get higher.She turned into identified with stop level heart sickness.
Already had such a lot of skip surgeries, not anything extra the docs may want to do. She turned into sent home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, one of our early way of life medicine pioneers, and what passed off next is without a doubt extensive in Pritikin’s biography, to speak about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and she walked out some weeks later.
She become taking walks 10 miles a day, and although she become given her medical loss of life sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy weight-reduction plan was able to enjoy any other 31 years on this planet to age 96, to retain to experience her six grandkids together with me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I exercise the sort of medication I do, way of life medication.
I simply want to do on your family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s amazing. First question:how a lot fat and protein will we want every day?
What are the best assets? And how tons have to athletes be ingesting?Well, you recognize, we don’t eat macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fat loose junk meals, we’ll provide you with… I suggest any form of junk meals you want as it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all about something unique component, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these things, and that offers us this type of health halo, when within truth it ought to all be about food. And the reason people don’t communicate approximately food is there’s no cash to be made within meals.In fact, deliver is going terrible;
Can’t take a seat at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower is not going to position an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you understand, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re by no means going to see an advert on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s just no money to be made.
That’s no longer in which the income is. The device is set up to praise just the unhealthiest however most worthwhile behavior.And so, I suggest, in order that’s simply type of falling into the food industry’s lure to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients rather than meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I mean so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t communicate approximately it.
That’s why the industry desires you to talk like that, but it without a doubt has to return all the way down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, what else is in dairy?It’s the primary supply of saturated fats in this United States of America.
People think like steak or something. No, the number one source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the number one supply of calcium, but yes, there’s protein in beef, yes, there’s iron in red meat, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as a lot as Burger King says you can “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however keep the saturated fat, keep the hormones, keep the cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a package— meals is a package deal deal. So the issue about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you already know, dark green leafy vegetables rather, then it’s like, well, the luggage is sincerely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in terms of food. So if you question me what are the quality foods that show up to have fats within them, nicely, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you simply get the bonus in place of the bags.In terms of protein sources, all people who doesn’t recognize the way to get protein on a plant-based totally weight loss plan doesn’t realize beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then additionally a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all varieties of things.So whole plant ingredients are the healthiest manner to get nearly all your vitamins, and that’s actually, I assume, how we need to consider those macro nutrients.
Gianna Question quantity two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam kind of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technology around that. Distilled water just sort of seems a waste of electricity to me.I imply it’s the same thing with like, , kind of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a completely sort of wasteful process. But you could remove some little hint minerals, but that’s now not definitely the problem.I mean faucet water is normally the most inexpensive, most secure supply of drinking water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow antique and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride although?
It’s now not essential, however from a public health standpoint—rich people can visit the dentist and afford all styles of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their enamel—however from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which won't have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental hassle, no large deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental problem, they could lose their tooth, this means that dropping plenty of their vitamins or being in persistent pain.And absolutely from a public health perspective fluoridated water is—within fact, in line with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health innovations over the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any pointers or unique guidelines for women who choose to eat a plant-based eating regimen at the same time as pregnant, and who also pick out to raise youngsters plant based totally after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for two it’s simply that much more important to get all of the nutrition you need, and so it’s basically all of the same advice you’d give to everybody consuming a healthful weight loss plan, ingesting a plant-based food plan.
Critically crucial: vitamin B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made by way of plants.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by using animals together with yourself whilst you stroll out of doors; it’s the light diet.And the other one’s diet B12.
Not made by way of plants, now not made via animals either; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you understand, we could get all of the B12 we wished ingesting well water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, however now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have plenty of B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get a whole lot of cholera either. It’s a very good thing that we live in a pleasant sanitary world, but because of that we need to get a everyday dependable supply of B12.Critically vital, particularly for pregnant girls, however for all of us.
During being pregnant iodine’s critical, a mineral often lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s critical, if you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our youngsters healthy?I say yes, indeed, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th edition of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the high-quality-promoting books ever, second only to the Bible possibly in this U.S.A.
Where in his remaining edition he wrote, in his 90s before he died, endorsed all youngsters be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents have been dying from and notice this burgeoning formative years weight problems epidemic. So simply we ought to enhance our kids within the healthiest viable way.That method not having them smoke cigarettes.
That manner having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and a whole food, plant-based totally diet—actually simple, simple. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reputable position paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all levels of the way of life, which includes being pregnant and infancy and on through vintage age.So simply, we need to all be raising wholesome youngsters, and actually, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e book on elevating vegan youngsters;
he’s got six, so he knows one or matters approximately it. Gianna good enough, number four:please assist provide an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both women and men need no longer fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All forms of nuttiness out at the net.If you examine the technology, though, it’s truely simply sort of a brilliant scientific consensus in phrases of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal reviews, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or exclusive strains of mice have unique consequences. When we finally had human facts, so for example breast most cancers, you may see issues on the internet approximately, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t know until 2004, the first study that virtually put it to the test and in reality observed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that study and within all of five reports accomplished so far, every unmarried one determined that girls with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor advantageous or poor, whether they were on Tamoxifen or now not—all consistently more survival;positioned all of them collectively, greater survival, decrease cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve recognised that consuming soy, specifically all through early life, can lessen the danger of getting breast cancer inside the first vicinity, however now we understand it’s related to advanced survival as well. So wait a second.How is that feasible when it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s actually two varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended scenario:alpha, beta—so essentially your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced with the aid of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a one-of-a-kind form of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the results of soy at the frame subjects at the ratio of these exclusive receptors and exceptional organs of the body.And so it truely has pro-estrogen results wherein you need it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It surely reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, as an instance, in studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences wherein you want it, for instance inside the breast, reducing breast cancer threat and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate term for essentially the fine of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer risk. And so you don’t ought to consume it;all of the legumes are wholesome, and i inspire human beings to consume entire soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you could get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a first-rate desire. Tempeh, miso, these are all entire soy foods, in addition to a number of the greater processed stuff.And so you appearance inside the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given lots of movies about it. So yeah, you simply don’t agree with the craziness you study at the internet.Gianna And only for the males available which might be concerned that they may develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But via immoderate soy—they had been actually drinking gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I assume a few human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that stage you may actually get sufficient alpha receptor hobby to definitely have seasoned-estrogenic effects. So the reply isn't always to avoid soy, but not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it might be healthful. So soy consumption in guys is related to decrease prostate most cancers hazard, that is the number one most cancers killer particular to men.Gianna ok, question wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti-inflammatory weight loss plan, no wonder, may be one of the fine nutritional treatments for inflammatory sicknesses within widespread, which include automobile-immune sickness.So for instance, a couple of sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune disorder where your body assaults your own nerves, the single first-class recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, whatever, no drugs—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-primarily based eating regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss plan, so the most effective. So it’s no longer just safer, cheaper.No, the handiest treatment ever published inside the peer reviewed scientific clinical literature, a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Chron’s sickness, identical aspect. A study out of Japan using a plant-based food regimen, a number of the great relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disorder is an car-immune inflammatory bowel disease.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speakme about goal measures together with grip energy and inflammatory markers inside the blood circulation or just within phrases of fine of existence for human beings affected by those diseases. Auto-immune disease, we simply don’t have loads of appropriate stats for.We have records, so the Adventist 2 statistic determined that individuals who devour strictly plant-based diets have the very best shares of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, that means ordinary thyroid characteristic, and so it is able to prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s never been any study that virtually put plant-based diets to the test within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speaking approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s other kinds of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have statistics for, however it'd make feel if it works for these kind of other car-immune diseases, it really works for those different inflammatory diseases, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen could have this impact.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would suppose fiber?We suppose like bowel health or some thing.
It’s simply kind of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, however our appropriate intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to think that changed into just intestine health, however now we understand that our microbiome, our friendly vegetation down within our colon truely may have consequences on our immune machine, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch located within abundance in best one area: whole plant meals, and some of these compounds have anti inflammatory consequences.They’re smash down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your machine and circulated during your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-primarily based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan primarily based, either taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, truely nutrition B12 is critically essential for all of us ingesting a healthy diet, so I’d advise 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive source.Once a week is all you need.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, but severely critical from a ordinary dependable source.If you’re now not getting sufficient sun… Now, if you’re light skinned enough and young sufficient and skinny enough and live at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t matter how sunny it's miles in case you’re caught at a desk job all day, no longer getting outside, in which case you’d want to supplement your weight loss program with vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin. I advocate 2,000 international devices of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I suggest intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer remedy, going returned to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It was due to the fact that—thrilling—kind of debunked with the aid of Mayo Clinic, where they gave people a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the form of unbelievable consequences that had been at the start visible, but they had been the use of oral nutrition C.We used to think, properly, oral diet C is similar to intravenous vitamin C, but no, our body clearly clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t rely both way, you’ll absorb all of it. But once your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is ready five servings of culmination and greens worth—your body begins clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, in order that they definitely weren’t exposed to the identical quantity.And so i've an entire shows of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for most cancers if you’re interested by that;
I inspire human beings to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—need to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it bad for the thyroid to consume them uncooked? Oh, my God.We should devour cruciferous veggies within whichever way receives us to eat the maximum of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to eat the most.In truth cruciferous veggies are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak about all of the ingredients I encourage humans to get and in shape into their each day routine.So, you already know, greens every day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the nice beverage, the quality sweeteners, how lots exercising to get—simply to type of encourage humans to try to suit a number of the healthies of healthful foods into the weight-reduction plan.And one of those boxes I inspire humans to tick off each day, you’re now not going to suit—you’re now not going to check off the day until you get some shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is set a half cup of cooked cruciferous veggies, approximately a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, most of these brilliant vegetables. And so basically however you get them to your weight loss program, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a exceptional pass-to manner to get vegetables to your breakfast.
And I sort of destroy a few white beans in my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to check those off. But, yeah, put them in a smoothie, placed them everywhere;as long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most crucial element.
Now you could overdo, I imply you may overdo raw cruciferous greens that have this so known as goitrogenic compounds that are located in masses of healthful foods, no longer best broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of different wholesome matters. But the response is not to avoid those certainly healthy meals;it’s just to get enough iodine because these goitrogenic compounds simply interfere with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re certainly marginally no longer getting enough iodine, then eating numerous broccoli and cruciferous can certainly have an effect on your ranges. So the reply, you just make certain you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which just like darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the more approaches you can get them into your food regimen, the higher.There turned into this well-known case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget, it changed into like literally hundreds of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she turned into on some loopy food regimen, and actually did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 pounds… ok, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage humans, proper. And appearance, we’re talking about meals with medicinal results.I imply we have to count on like if you could eat as much—I imply if there’s an infinite quantity of something that you may be exposed to, possibly doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the truth that, look, no, some of these foods may have effective results on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a sure stage which you want to live through, however happily they’re all easily within any type of usual culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, a part of the purpose that people soak or sprout nuts is to take away the phytates.So there was this notion, based on stories on dogs lower back in the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you can remove the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to take away the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and different critical minerals. But we now recognize now not only is that no longer the case, but phytates are really healthful for you, actually beneficial effects of phytates, so we should certainly try to get as a lot phytates in our eating regimen as viable, and the manner we do that is with the aid of consuming our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to consume uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d as an alternative not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which are these glycotoxins related to elevated danger of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and elevated growing older and every type of actually bad things. And it’s shaped whilst high fats, high protein meals are uncovered to extremely excessive warmness, dry heat.And so nearly all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed hot dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that sort of thing—extraordinarily high.
So if you take a look at it, while plant foods have nearly nothing irrespective of what you do—I suggest you may grill a bell pepper and you’re not going to provide a problem, but there are uncommon plant ingredients that are excessive within protein results, which includes nuts, along with soy. So we must really, ideally ought to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a very good idea on a ordinary basis because of these a long time.So that’s why we surely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, simply whole nuts are higher because you surely chew right down to little debris—irrespective of how well you chew, you usually only fracture right down to approximately 2 mm, that's one thousand instances larger than the particles observed in nut butters.And the purpose that’s essential is because those mobile partitions and people little cubes, which contain hundreds of heaps of intact walls, in reality shield all the nutrients inside from absorption in your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So while we consume simply acellular meals, powders like flour products, even supposing it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we consume 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t eliminate the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed in the small gut, leaving very little for our gut vegetation on the give up.
Whereas in case you eat whole intact grains or whole beans, then there's absolutely those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our exact micro organism, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get exquisite assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral supplier talk. Somebody ought to have a look at crop nutrient decline over the past 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So human beings trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our plants are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re looking to promote you something.
We can surely observe the data; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, good enough, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli instead of a half of century ago. Fine, devour six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For people who say all and sundry’s exclusive, so we all require one-of-a-kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does an entire food, plant-based totally diet assist us live longer, healthier lives, each person? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss plan and there’s a lemur diet.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get some crazy food regimen.
No, there’s a weight loss program that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our final excellent ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution till about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow fantastic apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We had been a plant-based totally diet, almost completely plant-based totally food plan, and simplest within the last 10% of our evolution did we begin understanding the way to make equipment and searching, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting whole meals, plant based totally—so no marvel that the identical sort of food plan that reverses coronary heart ailment, the primary killer of men and women, is the identical food plan that still reverses diabetes, and the same weight-reduction plan that reverses high blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes experience because, appearance, the anti-inflammatory diet is a eating regimen that facilitates your arteries anywhere at some point of your body.I mean, look, if that’s all a plant-primarily based weight loss plan may want to do, opposite the primary killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default food plan till verified in any other case?
In reality that it could also prevent or reverse other leading killers would appear to make the case for plant-primarily based ingesting definitely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So once in a while it’s difficult; human beings placed up their defenses while a person attempts—when anyone comes to us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we consider, there’s just this kind of herbal reaction to form of want to maintain on.That’s why sharing sort of third-birthday celebration sources:
“Here’s a superb documentary, here’s a super website, here’s a fantastic e-book,” and then they are able to kind of take it in on themselves, and then sort of the motivation comes from through in place of feeling someone’s attempting to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one in every of my favorite ways.And proportion tremendous food!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t count how—will I live that lengthy or just feel like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s in reality the best of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes remarkable and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based consuming is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?