Author: Ivan Red Jr.
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
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Happy to be right here.
i am a health practitioner, specializing in way of life medication using eating regimen and exercise no longer best prevent disorder, but to treat and reverse it as well.
And all of it clearly is going lower back to my grandma. You realize, I think the spark for lots youngsters to need to be a doctor after they grow up is looking a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, but for me changed into watching my grandma get higher.She was diagnosed with end degree heart disease.
Already had such a lot of skip surgical procedures, not anything extra the medical doctors may want to do. She turned into despatched home within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one among our early life-style remedy pioneers, and what passed off next is virtually extensive in Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She became walking 10 miles an afternoon, and although she changed into given her scientific death sentence at age 65, way to a wholesome food regimen become capable of enjoy every other 31 years in the world to age 96, to keep to revel in her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medicine.That’s why I practice the sort of remedy I do, life-style medication.
I just need to do for your family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s exceptional. First question:how much fat and protein do we need daily?
What are the satisfactory resources? And how plenty ought to athletes be ingesting?Well, you recognize, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll come up with vegan junk food, we’ll give you fats unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I suggest any kind of junk food you need because it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all approximately something particular thing, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these items, and that gives us this sort of fitness halo, when within fact it should all be about food. And the motive humans don’t talk about food is there’s no cash to be made within food.In truth, offer goes awful;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to place an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you understand, they’ll simply purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re in no way going to peer an ad on tv for candy potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s not where the profit is. The device is set up to praise simply the unhealthiest however most worthwhile behavior.And so, I suggest, in order that’s simply kind of falling into the food enterprise’s entice to talk of type of this reductionist view of nutrients in preference to meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I mean so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you can’t speak about it.
That’s why the industry needs you to speak like that, but it definitely has to come down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you realize what else is in dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fats in this us of a.
People assume like steak or something. No, the number one supply of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the primary supply of calcium, however sure, there’s protein within pork, sure, there’s iron in beef, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as plenty as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however keep the saturated fat, maintain the hormones, maintain the ldl cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a package deal— food is a package deal. So the component about that, so if you get your calcium from, you already know, dark inexperienced leafy greens alternatively, then it’s like, well, the baggage is sincerely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from type of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume within terms of food. So in case you ask me what are the quality ingredients that manifest to have fat within them, well, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you simply get the bonus instead of the luggage.In terms of protein resources, each person who doesn’t recognize how to get protein on a plant-based totally food plan doesn’t recognise beans, proper?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant state. And then additionally some of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all kinds of things.So entire plant foods are the healthiest way to get nearly all of your vitamins, and that’s absolutely, I think, how we should reflect onconsideration on the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question range two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam sort of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how around that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of energy to me.I imply it’s the identical factor with like, , sort of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a very sort of wasteful system. But you could do away with some little hint minerals, however that’s no longer really the issue.I imply faucet water is usually the most inexpensive, most secure supply of ingesting water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t grow antique and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s no longer essential, however from a public fitness perspective—rich human beings can go to the dentist and manage to pay for all types of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—however from a public fitness scale, I mean that’s how you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental trouble, no huge deal, go to the dentist, right? But if they have a dental problem, they could lose their enamel, because of this losing loads of their vitamins or being within continual pain.And sincerely from a public fitness viewpoint fluoridated water is—within fact, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question variety three: are there any guidelines or unique hints for girls who select to devour a plant-primarily based weight loss plan while pregnant, and who also select to elevate youngsters plant based totally after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s simply that much more important to get all the vitamins you need, and so it’s basically all of the identical recommendation you’d provide to anybody consuming a healthful weight loss plan, eating a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan.
Critically crucial: vitamin B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by way of flowers.
One’s diet D, which is made by way of animals together with yourself while you stroll out of doors; it’s the light vitamin.And the opposite one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by flowers, not made through animals either; made with the aid of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you already know, we could get all the B12 we wanted drinking nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have quite a few B12 in our water any extra.
Don’t get a lot of cholera both. It’s a great factor that we live within a pleasing sanitary global, however due to that we need to get a regular reliable source of B12.Critically essential, in particular for pregnant women, however for each person.
During being pregnant iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal nutrients, so it’s critical, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended daily allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our youngsters healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh edition of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the exceptional-promoting books ever, second handiest to the Bible perhaps in this United States of America.
Where in his last version he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, recommended all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he should see what the grandparents were loss of life from and spot this burgeoning childhood obesity epidemic. So clearly we ought to raise our kids in the healthiest viable way.That method not having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and a whole meals, plant-based eating regimen—without a doubt primary, simple. And even the ADA, well, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their reliable role paper says strictly plant-based diets are appropriate for all degrees of the lifestyle, together with pregnancy and infancy and on thru antique age.So simply, we must all be raising healthy youngsters, and in reality, Scott Stoll is currently writing a book on raising vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two things about it. Gianna ok, wide variety four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why each males and females need no longer worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out at the net.If you examine the technological know-how, even though, it’s truely simply sort of a first rate medical consensus in terms of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal studies, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or different lines of mice have one of a kind consequences. When we subsequently had human data, so for example breast cancer, you can see worries on the net about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t know until 2004, the primary research that surely positioned it to the take a look at and in reality followed breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, simply to look who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And in that research and in all of five reports accomplished up to now, every unmarried one determined that ladies with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor superb or terrible, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continuously extra survival;put them all together, extra survival, decrease cancer recurrence fee.
And so we’ve recognized that eating soy, particularly all through early life, can reduce the threat of getting breast cancer inside the first vicinity, but now we understand it’s related to stepped forward survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that viable while it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s absolutely types of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted tale:alpha, beta—so essentially your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced through your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a unique sort of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the outcomes of soy at the body subjects at the ratio of these distinct receptors and distinct organs of the body.And so it clearly has seasoned-estrogen effects where you want it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It certainly reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, as an instance, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic effects where you want it, as an example inside the breast, reducing breast most cancers risk and enhancing breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for essentially the first-rate of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast most cancers hazard. And so you don’t have to consume it;all the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage human beings to consume whole soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you may get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a top notch desire. Tempeh, miso, these are all whole soy foods, as well as a number of the greater processed stuff.And so that you appearance in the scientific literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given tons of movies about it. So yeah, you just don’t consider the craziness you study at the internet.Gianna And only for the males out there which might be concerned that they might develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy intake.
But via excessive soy—they were literally drinking gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I assume some human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that degree you could honestly get enough alpha receptor interest to truely have pro-estrogenic outcomes. So the response isn't to avoid soy, however no longer drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it'd be healthy. So soy intake within men is associated with decrease prostate cancer threat, which is the primary most cancers killer specific to men.Gianna ok, question number five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti-inflammatory weight-reduction plan, no wonder, can be one of the satisfactory nutritional remedies for inflammatory sicknesses within widespread, including car-immune sickness.So for instance, a couple of sclerosis, that is an auto-immune sickness wherein your frame assaults your very own nerves, the single first-class recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, something, no capsules—have ever crushed out a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight-reduction plan, so the best. So it’s now not just safer, inexpensive.No, the most effective remedy ever published in the peer reviewed clinical scientific literature, a plant-primarily based diet.
Chron’s disease, same factor. A statistic out of Japan the use of a plant-based eating regimen, some of the great relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disorder is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking about goal measures along with grip power and inflammatory markers within the blood stream or just within terms of fine of lifestyles for people tormented by those diseases. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have a number of accurate facts for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 study located that individuals who eat strictly plant-primarily based diets have the very best shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, meaning everyday thyroid function, and so it could prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s never been any poll that surely put plant-based diets to the check in phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speaking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other styles of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have records for, however it'd make sense if it works for a lot of these different auto-immune illnesses, it really works for those different inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen would have this impact.And part of that anti-inflammatory strength is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We suppose like bowel health or something.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, however our right intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our intestine. And we used to assume that become just gut fitness, but now we understand that our microbiome, our friendly flora down within our colon clearly may have outcomes on our immune machine, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch observed in abundance in simplest one place: whole plant ingredients, and a number of those compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re damage down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your machine and circulated in the course of your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan based totally, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, sincerely vitamin B12 is severely vital for every body ingesting a wholesome weight loss program, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, that is the most inexpensive source.Once every week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, however significantly critical from a everyday dependable supply.If you’re not getting sufficient solar… Now, in case you’re mild skinned enough and young enough and thin sufficient and stay at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the vitamin D you need.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it's far if you’re stuck at a table process all day, no longer getting outdoor, wherein case you’d want to supplement your food regimen with diet D, the sunshine diet. I advocate 2,000 international gadgets of nutrition D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going lower back to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It become because—thrilling—sort of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, in which they gave human beings an entire bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the form of remarkable results that had been at the start seen, but they have been the use of oral vitamin C.We used to assume, nicely, oral nutrition C is similar to intravenous diet C, but no, our body really clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count number either way, you’ll absorb it all. But once your body gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is about five servings of end result and greens well worth—your frame begins clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, so that they actually weren’t uncovered to the equal quantity.And so i have an entire series of videos on intravenous diet C for most cancers in case you’re interested in that;
I encourage humans to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—need to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale in a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it horrific for the thyroid to eat them uncooked? Oh, my God.We have to eat cruciferous veggies in whichever way gets us to devour the maximum of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to devour the maximum.In reality cruciferous veggies are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate approximately all the foods I encourage human beings to get and healthy into their daily recurring.So, you understand, vegetables each day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You realize, the best beverage, the fine sweeteners, how a lot workout to get—simply to sort of inspire human beings to try to in shape some of the healthies of healthful ingredients into the weight loss plan.And one of those packing containers I inspire humans to tick off each day, you’re not going to match—you’re now not going to check off the day except you get some form of cruciferous veggies, which is about a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, these kind of top notch veggies. And so basically however you get them to your eating regimen, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a high-quality pass-to manner to get veggies for your breakfast.
And I form of wreck a few white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, got to check the ones off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;so long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most important aspect.
Now you can overdo, I suggest you may overdo uncooked cruciferous greens which have this so called goitrogenic compounds which can be discovered in masses of healthy meals, not simplest broccoli, but also flaxseeds and a number of different healthful things. But the reply is not to keep away from those absolutely healthful meals;it’s just to get sufficient iodine because these goitrogenic compounds simply intrude with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re sincerely marginally now not getting enough iodine, then ingesting a variety of broccoli and cruciferous can in reality affect your tiers. So the reply, you simply make certain you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea veggies, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, after which just like dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the greater methods you could get them into your weight loss program, the higher.There become this well-known case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I forget, it changed into like actually lots of kilos of raw bok choy, she turned into on some crazy weight-reduction plan, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… good enough, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I inspire human beings, proper. And look, we’re talking approximately ingredients with medicinal outcomes.I suggest we must anticipate like if you could eat as a lot—I suggest if there’s an unlimited quantity of something that you could be exposed to, possibly doesn’t have a great deal “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, appearance, no, some of these meals can have effective outcomes on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a positive stage which you need to stay through, however thankfully they’re all easily through any sort of traditional culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the reason that people soak or sprout nuts is to remove the phytates.So there was this idea, primarily based on experiences on dogs back in the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you could cast off the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to dispose of the phytates, and you then’d maximize your calcium absorption and different important minerals. But we now understand not only is that not the case, however phytates are actually wholesome for you, simply useful consequences of phytates, so we must sincerely try and get as an awful lot phytates within our weight loss program as feasible, and the manner we do this is via ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to consume raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The purpose we’d as a substitute now not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which might be those glycotoxins related to increased risk of kidney sickness and Alzheimer’s and improved growing older and all types of really bad matters. And it’s formed whilst excessive fat, excessive protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily excessive warmth, dry heat.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that type of factor—extremely excessive.
So in case you examine it, while plant ingredients have almost not anything no matter what you do—I suggest you may grill a bell pepper and you’re no longer going to produce a problem, however there are uncommon plant meals that are excessive within protein consequences, including nuts, such as soy. So we need to simply, preferably ought to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a great idea on a regular basis due to those a while.So that’s why we clearly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, sincerely complete nuts are higher due to the fact you honestly chew right down to little particles—irrespective of how nicely you bite, you commonly most effective fracture down to approximately 2 mm, that is 1000 instances larger than the debris found within nut butters.And the motive that’s critical is because the ones cell walls and people little cubes, which incorporate masses of lots of intact walls, simply defend all the vitamins inside from absorption on your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our intestine vegetation.
So when we consume just acellular foods, powders like flour products, even though it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we consume 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t dispose of the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small intestine, leaving very little for our intestine plants at the stop.
Whereas in case you consume whole intact grains or whole beans, then there may be absolutely those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our true bacteria, and that improves our intestine health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get notable resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral vendor talk. Somebody have to have a look at crop nutrient decline during the last 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So humans trying to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, just because they’re looking to sell you something.
We can simply study the statistics; the USDA tracks vitamins within the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, adequate, in place of five florets of broccoli, now you have to eat six florets of broccoli in preference to a half century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For folks who say every person’s one-of-a-kind, so all of us require extraordinary diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does a whole meals, plant-based diet help us stay longer, more healthy lives, absolutely everyone? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla eating regimen and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some loopy diet.
No, there’s a weight loss program that’s obviously tuned to our biology. We developed for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our final splendid ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow super apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We have been a plant-primarily based weight loss plan, nearly solely plant-primarily based diet, and only within the remaining 10% of our evolution did we start understanding a way to make tools and looking, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to eating whole meals, plant based totally—so no surprise that the same sort of weight loss program that reverses heart disease, the number one killer of women and men, is the equal eating regimen that also reverses diabetes, and the same food regimen that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel because, look, the anti inflammatory eating regimen is a food regimen that enables your arteries anywhere in the course of your frame.I suggest, look, if that’s all a plant-based totally food regimen may want to do, reverse the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be sort of the default weight-reduction plan till tested otherwise?
In truth that it may additionally save you or opposite different main killers would seem to make the case for plant-based totally consuming without a doubt overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So from time to time it’s difficult; human beings positioned up their defenses when a person tries—whilst anyone comes to us with some new idea that conflicts with what we trust, there’s just this sort of herbal response to type of want to keep on.That’s why sharing sort of third-celebration sources:
“Here’s a high-quality documentary, right here’s a superb internet site, right here’s a first rate book,” and then they can form of take it within on themselves, after which kind of the motivation comes from through as opposed to feeling someone’s attempting to inform them to do something. So that’s certainly one of my favourite ways.And proportion high-quality food!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t rely how—will I stay that long or just experience like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s surely the quality of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes top notch and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based totally eating is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t recognize my line. Where’s my cue card?