Osteoporosis: Prevention And Principles Of Diet Therapy

What is osteoporosis: symptoms and diagnosis

This is a complex multi-causal progressive metabolic disease of the human skeleton, which is characterized by a decrease in bone density and an increase in bone fragility, while catabolism processes predominate over regeneration. Clinically, this is manifested by a decrease in bone strength and the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is the 4th leading cause of death after diseases of the cardiovascular system, oncology and diabetes. Frequent lesions are the spine, bones of the arms and legs. In case of violation of metabolic processes in the body, a violation of the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, vitamin C, D, as well as other important essential substances that do not enter the body as a result of pathologies or other reasons, is of decisive importance. This is a lack of vitamin A, E, K, A, silicon, manganese, zinc, selenium, boron, vanadium.

Symptoms of osteoporosis:

• Frequent fractures of bones near the joints.

• Posture disorder.

• Pain in the spine or bones of the arms and legs. Palpation is characterized by muscle tension and pain behind the spinal column.

• Night cramps of the calf muscles.

• Disease of the teeth.

• Fragility and fragility of bones.

• Weight loss.

• Tachycardia.

• Early manifestation of gray hair.

The initial forms of osteoporosis may be asymptomatic. If osteoporosis is suspected:

Shortening of the limbs of the injured joint may be detected.

• To assess bone density, densitometry is prescribed.

• X-ray of the joints is carried out in two projections. The picture reveals an increase in the transparency of the bone tissue or the presence of outgrowths in the bone tissue in the form of spikes. Fractures of the bone near the joint.

• Ultrasound reveals a decrease in the cartilage layer of the joints and impaired blood circulation.

• CT provides a complete picture of the layer-by-layer dysfunction of the examined joint.

• MRI allows you to get a three-dimensional model of the bone, calculate its volume, density and evaluate the distribution of minerals.

• Biochemical examination shows the amount of calcium in the blood, parathyroid hormones (PTH), calcitonin, the amount of vitamin D. Also, the amount of female sex hormones, androgens and thyroid hormones (TG).

• For differential diagnosis of the oncoprocess, a biopsy of the iliac wing is used. If complex chemical processes are suspected, a complete biochemical examination of the patient is carried out.

Causes of osteoporosis and risk factors

The causes of osteoporosis are complex, but the main one is a violation of calcium phosphorus metabolism in the body, which is manifested by demineralization of bones and teeth. The content of calcium in the blood and urine changes, as well as excessive deposition of calcium in the bones and soft tissues. These processes occur as a result of:

• hypofunction of the parathyroid glands (PTH deficiency);

• hypersecretion of thyroid hormone;

• slowing down the absorption of calcium in the walls of the small intestine;

• vitamin D3 deficiency;

• violations of the formation and flow of bile into the intestines (bile and biliary tract);

• receipt of a large amount of fat in the patient's body and protein deficiency.

Persistent hypocalcemia leads to impaired neuromuscular excitability and, as a result, leads to convulsions. A lack of calcium also inhibits the output of the posterior pituitary gland and the adrenal medulla, and immunity is reduced.

There are many risk factors for osteoporosis:

1. genetic forms. Europeans get sick more often, women get sick more than men. In old age, it is possible to meet a patient with osteoporosis more often than in a young one. High growth is also a risk factor, low body weight, etc.

2. endocrine factors. Hormonal imbalance, infertility, diffuse endemic goiter, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

3. Wrong way of life. Bad habits, weakness, malnutrition with a predominance of fats lack of dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, C and D

4. Long-term use of toxic medications, hormones, tetracycline antibiotics, cytostatics, etc., as well as the presence of severe pathology in the patient's body, these are autoimmune diseases, diseases of the blood system and hematopoietic organs, indigestion, organ transplantation and psychosomatic risk factors (severe depression, neuroses, etc.)

General prevention of osteoporosis

A system of measures aimed at maintaining metabolic processes in the bone, reducing catabolism, improving joint function, which results in an improvement in the quality of life. Preventive measures reduce the risk of osteoporosis by 50%.

All recommendations for prevention are not only good for the skeleton, but they are applied for a full life, increased life expectancy and rejuvenation.

Diet therapy is the most important method for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. It helps to replenish the differentiation of the necessary substances in the bone tissue, stop the pathological process and strengthen the skeleton.

General principles of diet therapy for osteoporosis

1. Regular meals 5-6 times a day.

2. Reduce processes that contribute to calcium leaching.

3. Increasing the amount of fermented milk products, slightly salted cheeses.

4. Observe the rules of culinary processing (steam, stew, bake, boil).

5. Portions should not be large for better absorption.

6. Observe the norms of animal protein (excessive protein intake leads to calcium leaching, as increased fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract).

7. Include in the diet 500 grams of fruits and vegetables, juices with pulp.

8. Sufficient water intake of at least 1.5 liters per day.

9. Refusal of alcohol and carbonated drinks.

10. Inclusion in the menu of such products as caviar, fish, cod liver, egg yolks, full-fat milk and sour-milk products, natural slightly salted cheeses, sesame.

11. In combination with a diet, it is necessary to engage in physical activity: walking, swimming, Nordic walking, taking balneotherapy (ozone baths).

The osteoporosis diet is not very rigid, contains many delicious foods, while slowing down the rate of formation of bone fragility, preserving muscle tissue, which in turn reduces the risk of falls and fractures. In the treatment of osteoporosis, it is worth abandoning attempts to reduce weight with the help of rigid diets. A balanced diet will help reduce weight not abruptly, but gradually. What foods are consumed in the diet therapy of osteoporosis:

Food should be saturated with trace elements, but contain a minimum of fat, because it prevents their absorption. It is recommended to consume dairy products daily (kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt, cheese), fresh vegetables and fruits, herbs, seeds, nuts and berries. Dishes of beans, pumpkins, soybeans, zucchini, fresh sweet peppers, green peas, carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, fresh olives, apricots, oranges, dates, sesame seeds, dried apricots, almonds.

Prohibited foods for osteoporosis:

• sweets;

• mayonnaise;

• fatty pork;

• bacon;

• packaged juices;

• semi-finished products;

• smoked sausages and fish;

• rhubarb;

• sorrel;

• marinades and pickles;

• alcohol;

• carbonated drinks;

• coffee;

• cocoa;

• chocolate;

• Black tea.

Causes of Primary Osteoporosis

• A burdened family history.

• Low growth (below 150 cm).

• Low physical and sexual activity.

• Taking hormonal drugs.

• Bad born habits.

• Elderly age.

When diagnosing, you should pay attention to dry skin, a decrease in a woman's body weight, joint pain, cramps in the calf muscles, severe sweating at night, taking hormonal drugs.

Secondary osteoporosis occurs due to severe pathology (rheumatoid arthritis, stage 1 diabetes mellitus, oncology, organ transplantation, chronic renal failure, liver and biliary tract disease)

Prevention of the inclusion of favorable conditions for the development of personality and ensuring adequate bone mass. Application of the principles of a healthy lifestyle, preventive intake of calcium and vitamin D, use of sufficient insolation (30 minutes of sunbathing) or consumption of foods rich in vitamin D, the appointment of hormone replacement therapy during menopause. Hormone therapy and vitamin preparations necessary for prevention should be prescribed only after consulting a doctor.

In women, osteoporosis due to their structure is caused more often than in men. Prevention must begin in childhood. Osteoporosis in women can be primary, in the early stages it is asymptomatic.

Men suffer from osteoporosis less often than women because they are less prone to hormonal fluctuations throughout their lives. In old age, physical and sexual activity sharply decreases, after 60 years it is necessary to consume 1200 mg of alimentary calcium and 800 mg of vitamin D per day as basic prevention.

Many people with suspected osteoporosis begin to use large amounts of fermented milk products and calcium supplements. But this will not prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis, because. With age, the amount of collagen in the body, which is responsible for bone strength, decreases sharply. Therefore, in old age, it is necessary to have sufficient not only vitamin D, but also vitamins of groups A, E, C, K, as well as trace elements, K, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, because. the impact on the correct processes of collagen synthesis is complex.

To activate the exchange of oxygen and biochemical structural processes, it is necessary to show moderate physical activity - walking, swimming, breathing, as well as a drinking regimen of 1.5-2 liters per day. These measures activate the blood flow, the bones of the skeleton receive a large amount of nutrients, and there will be no pain. In Russia, 24% of the population is prone to osteoporosis, death of 40-50% of patients. With treatment, 23% are fully restored, 50% - disability, 25% death.

The use of alternative therapy for osteoporosis

A good effect is given by manual therapies, physiotherapy exercises, phytotherapy, the inclusion of natural substances and dietary supplements with natural multivitamins and minerals in the diet. Phototherapy is the use of egg shells, vitamin cocktails, onion decoctions, mumiyo with honey and milk, berry smoothies and herbal preparations.

The use of products with chitosan and its derivatives in osteoporosis

Chitosan oligosaccharides are a building block of the structural basis of the joints, bone and muscle tissue, stimulating the restoration of bone-articular and muscle tissues due to the normalization of mineral metabolism (increase the absorption of Ca, Mg, P from food). In addition, they protect articular cartilage from destruction, have an analgesic effect comparable to the effect of non-specific anti-inflammatory drugs that have a toxic effect on the liver. In addition, they improve blood circulation in the joints. They help to restore the strength of bone tissue and increase joint mobility, restoring cartilage. The use of chitosan products and its derivatives do not have a toxic effect on the body with prolonged use. It is shown to eliminate all causes of osteoporosis in humans.

Products made by SONAT Vegetabs, Hitabs and Doctor Neptuno (certificate no. 358931). These are water-soluble components that are easily absorbed by the body, have antitoxic, probiotic properties, enhance the production of B vitamins in the body, in addition, improve the saturation of the body with fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and D by 2 times, vitamin C - by 3 times, minerals Ca , K, Cu, Zn - 2 - 3 times, Fe - 6 times.

Chitosan oligosaccharides contained in the product stimulate the synthesis of glucosamine, glycan and contain its degradation, because. enhance the synthesis of cartilage and connective tissue cells (collagen), restore cartilage and joints, because easily penetrate into the affected joint, the use of these products in functional nutrition in the daily diet helps in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Oligochites are soluble in water, have a small molecular size, easily penetrate into the general bloodstream, into all organs and tissues. They interact with the receptors of various cells of the body, regulating and stimulating vital functions: nutrition, respiration, excretion, recovery. This impact is positive, because supports the endoecological well-being of the organism.

The interaction of oligochites with the body is manifested:

1. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects on the entire body.

2. Strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, muscular system, skin and increased growth of hair and nails.

3. Removal of slags, toxins, radionuclides and salts of heavy metals.

4. Improvement of general well-being, elimination of chronic fatigue syndrome.

5. Increase in overall endurance, activation of the immune system.

6. Activation of the central nervous system (thinking, sleep, memory, improved vision).

7. Prevention of the occurrence of liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis.

8. Stress resistance in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and oncopathology.

9. Improving the ability to penetrate into cells and assimilate the necessary nutrients, which generally improves the condition of the whole organism (Ca by 4-5 times, B vitamins - by 2-3 times, vitamins C, A, E - by 2-3 times, Fe - 6-7 times, K, Mg, Zn, Cu - 2-3 times).

Products of the Vegetabs and Khitabs series (manufactured by Sonat LLC) have excellent prospects for use in health and dietary nutrition with a shortage of vegetables, berries and fruits. The originality of the technologies of these products lies in the fact that there is a combination of traditional for our country products used for health improvement (juices, pulp of fruits, berries, vegetables) with an innovative chitosan complex, which is a biocorrector obtained by modern technologies of bioenzymolysis from king crab shells.

What problems does chitosan solve in the human body?

• Strengthens the functioning of the musculoskeletal system and teeth.

• Improves cartilage growth, enhances bone density.

• Improves hair and nail growth.

• Restores mucous membranes.

• It has an anti-burn and wound-healing effect without scarring.

• Structures water, purifying the aquatic environment from impurities of toxins, pesticides, paints and ballast substances (70% of the human body is water).

• It alkalizes the blood, enhancing cellular activity and phagocytosis.

• Improves the functioning of the central nervous system.

• It improves the functioning of the digestive system, protecting the liver, removes salts of heavy metals, radionuclides, and provides antitumor protection for the body.

• Fights dysbacteriosis, improving bowel function (increases peristalsis, restoring the walls of the small intestine, eliminating putrefactive-fermentative processes).

• Improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system, lowering cholesterol levels and restoring heart valves.

• Improves the functioning of the kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas (removes blood sugar).

Chitosan oligosaccharides are similar in general structure to the oligosaccharides of human breast milk, they are a completely natural product and are biocompatible with all tissues of the human body. With exciting properties, oligochaetes are a vehicle for delivering vitamins, amino acids, trace elements and other essential nutrients into the general circulation and directly into the cell.

Products with chitosan oligosaccharides also have prebiotic properties, enhancing the production of B vitamins and improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.