Author: Mark Velov
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about best diets for athletes. In this article we'll discuss best diets for athletes.
Happy to be right here.
i am a medical doctor, specializing in lifestyle medication the usage of eating regimen and exercise no longer handiest prevent sickness, but to treat and opposite it as nicely.
And it all really goes lower back to my grandma. You recognise, I think the spark for plenty children to want to be a health practitioner once they develop up is watching a grandparent get sick or even die, however for me turned into watching my grandma get better.She become diagnosed with give up stage heart sickness.
Already had such a lot of skip surgeries, not anything extra the doctors may want to do. She changed into despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one among our early lifestyle medication pioneers, and what occurred next is truly targeted in Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she or he walked out some weeks later.
She turned into taking walks 10 miles a day, and though she became given her scientific death sentence at age 65, thanks to a wholesome eating regimen become able to revel in any other 31 years on the earth to age 96, to hold to experience her six grandkids inclusive of me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I practice the type of medication I do, way of life medication.
I simply want to do on your family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s fantastic. First query:how plenty fats and protein will we want each day?
What are the pleasant resources? And how plenty must athletes be eating?Well, you already know, we don’t eat macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fat loose junk food, we’ll come up with… I mean any sort of junk meals you need as it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all about anything precise component, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, diet D” with all this stuff, and that gives us this sort of health halo, while within fact it must all be approximately meals. And the purpose humans don’t speak about meals is there’s no cash to be made in meals.In fact, deliver goes terrible;
Can’t sit down at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower is not going to put an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you know, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re by no means going to peer an advert on television for sweet potatoes due to the fact there’s just no money to be made.
That’s no longer where the income is. The gadget is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest however maximum profitable conduct.And so, I imply, in order that’s simply kind of falling into the food industry’s trap to talk of form of this reductionist view of vitamins in place of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I suggest so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you may’t talk about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to speak like that, but it actually has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is within dairy?It’s the number one source of saturated fats in this country.
People suppose like steak or something. No, the number one supply of saturated fat is dairy, yes, the primary source of calcium, but yes, there’s protein in red meat, yes, there’s iron within pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as tons as Burger King says you can “have it your manner,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein but preserve the saturated fat, hold the hormones, preserve the cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a bundle— food is a bundle deal. So the issue about that, so if you get your calcium from, you understand, dark green leafy greens as a substitute, then it’s like, properly, the bags is truely an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things missing from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in phrases of food. So if you inquire from me what are the first-rate foods that manifest to have fats in them, well, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you simply get the bonus as opposed to the luggage.In phrases of protein assets, all of us who doesn’t know the way to get protein on a plant-based diet doesn’t realize beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then also a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all sorts of things.So entire plant foods are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s without a doubt, I suppose, how we should consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question number two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water just kind of seems a waste of strength to me.I suggest it’s the identical component with like, you realize, form of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a very kind of wasteful technique. But you could eliminate a few little hint minerals, however that’s now not definitely the difficulty.I imply faucet water is normally the most inexpensive, safest source of consuming water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride even though?
It’s not important, but from a public fitness point of view—wealthy people can go to the dentist and afford all kinds of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—however from a public health scale, I mean that’s the way you attain impoverished populations which may not have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no big deal, go to the dentist, right? But if they have a dental trouble, they could lose their enamel, this means that dropping lots of their nutrition or being within continual pain.And actually from a public fitness perspective fluoridated water is—within truth, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question variety three: are there any recommendations or unique recommendations for ladies who pick to devour a plant-primarily based diet at the same time as pregnant, and who also choose to raise kids plant based totally after the breast milk level if over?When you’re ingesting for two it’s just that rather more critical to get all the nutrients you need, and so it’s basically all of the identical advice you’d give to everybody eating a healthful weight-reduction plan, consuming a plant-based totally weight loss program.
Critically critical: vitamin B12.So there’s two vitamins that aren’t made by using vegetation.
One’s vitamin D, that is made with the aid of animals which include your self when you walk outdoor; it’s the light diet.And the other one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by means of flora, now not made by means of animals either; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you realize, we may want to get all the B12 we wished ingesting properly water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term ago, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have quite a few B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get loads of cholera either. It’s an awesome factor that we stay within a pleasant sanitary international, however because of that we need to get a everyday dependable supply of B12.Critically important, especially for pregnant ladies, but for absolutely everyone.
During pregnancy iodine’s crucial, a mineral often missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s critical, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our children healthful?I say yes, indeed, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, within the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the excellent-promoting books ever, 2d only to the Bible perhaps in this United States.
Where in his ultimate version he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, encouraged all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he ought to see what the grandparents have been loss of life from and notice this burgeoning adolescence obesity epidemic. So simply we should boost our kids within the healthiest viable manner.That approach now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That way having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the home, and a whole food, plant-based food plan—surely basic, simple. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their respectable position paper says strictly plant-based diets are appropriate for all levels of the way of life, such as being pregnant and infancy and on via old age.So genuinely, we ought to all be raising healthy children, and actually, Scott Stoll is presently writing a book on elevating vegan kids;
he’s got six, so he knows one or things about it. Gianna good enough, wide variety four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each men and women want not fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out at the net.If you examine the technological know-how, though, it’s certainly just form of a remarkable medical consensus within terms of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal reviews, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or different lines of mice have exceptional results. When we ultimately had human data, so for example breast cancer, you could see issues on the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize until 2004, the first statistic that actually positioned it to the take a look at and actually observed breast most cancers survivors, a few that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that poll and in all of five stories finished to date, each single one determined that women with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor wonderful or poor, whether they were on Tamoxifen or no longer—all constantly greater survival;positioned them all together, greater survival, decrease cancer recurrence rate.
And so we’ve acknowledged that eating soy, particularly at some point of youth, can lessen the risk of having breast cancer within the first area, but now we comprehend it’s associated with advanced survival as properly. So wait a second.How is that possible whilst it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s actually two varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended scenario:alpha, beta—so essentially your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced with the aid of your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a one of a kind sort of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the effects of soy on the body matters at the ratio of those distinctive receptors and different organs of the body.And so it really has seasoned-estrogen outcomes wherein you want it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It surely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, as an example, within stories of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results where you need it, for instance in the breast, reducing breast most cancers threat and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate term for basically the quality of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer hazard. And so that you don’t have to devour it;all the legumes are healthful, and that i encourage humans to eat entire soy assets like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you may get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a extremely good choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all complete soy foods, in addition to some of the extra processed stuff.And so you appearance inside the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got tons of motion pictures about it. So yeah, you just don’t trust the craziness you study on the net.Gianna And just for the males available which might be concerned that they may develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy consumption.
But by using immoderate soy—they had been actually consuming gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I suppose a few humans, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that stage you may certainly get sufficient alpha receptor interest to in reality have seasoned-estrogenic effects. So the option isn't always to avoid soy, but no longer drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it might be healthy. So soy intake within men is associated with lower prostate cancer danger, that is the primary most cancers killer specific to guys.Gianna good enough, question wide variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti inflammatory weight-reduction plan, no surprise, may be one of the first-rate dietary treatments for inflammatory sicknesses within preferred, along with vehicle-immune sickness.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, that's an vehicle-immune ailment in which your frame attacks your personal nerves, the unmarried first-class recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, something, no pills—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-primarily based weight loss program:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS diet, so the most effective. So it’s now not simply safer, cheaper.No, the simplest remedy ever published in the peer reviewed medical medical literature, a plant-based food plan.
Chron’s disorder, identical issue. A study out of Japan using a plant-based totally eating regimen, a number of the nice relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speakme about goal measures which include grip electricity and inflammatory markers inside the blood stream or simply in terms of nice of existence for human beings tormented by those illnesses. Auto-immune disease, we simply don’t have loads of true facts for.We have records, so the Adventist 2 research located that folks who devour strictly plant-based diets have the very best rates of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, that means ordinary thyroid feature, and so it is able to save you thyroid problems.
But there’s by no means been any statistic that clearly placed plant-primarily based diets to the take a look at within terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s other forms of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have data for, but it'd make experience if it works for these types of other car-immune sicknesses, it works for these different inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory weight-reduction plan would have this effect.And part of that anti-inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could think fiber?We think like bowel health or something.
It’s just kind of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our appropriate intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to think that become simply intestine health, but now we realize that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down in our colon genuinely could have consequences on our immune machine, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch located within abundance within only one region: complete plant foods, and a number of those compounds have anti-inflammatory effects.They’re wreck down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated in the course of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and supplements, vegan based, either taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, honestly diet B12 is seriously crucial for anyone consuming a healthful eating regimen, so I’d endorse 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, which is the cheapest supply.Once every week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you need, but significantly critical from a ordinary dependable source.If you’re no longer getting sufficient sun… Now, if you’re light skinned sufficient and younger sufficient and skinny enough and stay at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the nutrition D you need.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's far if you’re stuck at a desk job all day, now not getting outside, wherein case you’d want to complement your weight loss program with vitamin D, the light nutrition. I suggest 2,000 international gadgets of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a cancer remedy, going back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It changed into since—thrilling—kind of debunked via Mayo Clinic, in which they gave humans a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the form of striking outcomes that had been in the beginning seen, however they had been the usage of oral nutrition C.We used to think, nicely, oral diet C is the same as intravenous vitamin C, however no, our body really clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count number either manner, you’ll absorb all of it. But once your body gets over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is set five servings of culmination and greens well worth—your frame starts offevolved clamping “that’s a touch an excessive amount of.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, so that they genuinely weren’t exposed to the equal amount.And so i've an entire shows of movies on intravenous diet C for most cancers if you’re inquisitive about that;
I encourage human beings to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—have to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale in a smoothie powerful enough, and is it bad for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We must eat cruciferous veggies within whichever manner gets us to consume the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to consume the maximum.In fact cruciferous veggies are one among my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate about all the foods I encourage human beings to get and healthy into their every day ordinary.So, , vegetables each day are the healthies vegetables, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognise, the excellent beverage, the exceptional sweeteners, how lots exercise to get—simply to type of inspire humans to try to match some of the healthies of wholesome meals into the weight-reduction plan.And one of these boxes I encourage human beings to tick off each day, you’re now not going to in shape—you’re not going to test off the day unless you get some shape of cruciferous vegetables, which is set a half of cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, some of these awesome vegetables. And so basically however you get them for your eating regimen, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a notable pass-to manner to get veggies in your breakfast.
And I form of ruin some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to check the ones off. But, yeah, put them in a smoothie, put them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum vital element.
Now you could overdo, I mean you may overdo uncooked cruciferous greens which have this so known as goitrogenic compounds which are located within plenty of healthy ingredients, no longer simplest broccoli, but also flaxseeds and some of other wholesome things. But the response isn't always to avoid those truely healthful foods;it’s just to get enough iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, which is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re truely marginally not getting enough iodine, then eating numerous broccoli and cruciferous can clearly affect your levels. So the answer, you just make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so that you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then similar to dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the extra methods you can get them into your weight loss plan, the better.There became this well-known case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I neglect, it was like actually lots of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she became on some crazy weight loss plan, and in fact did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… good enough, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage humans, proper. And appearance, we’re speakme approximately ingredients with medicinal consequences.I suggest we need to count on like if you can consume as an awful lot—I imply if there’s a vast amount of some thing that you can be uncovered to, possibly doesn’t have plenty “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, look, no, a number of those foods will have effective consequences on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a positive level that you need to stay within, but thankfully they’re all easily through any sort of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, a part of the cause that people soak or sprout nuts is to cast off the phytates.So there has been this concept, based totally on studies on dogs back inside the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you can get rid of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different important minerals. But we now recognize now not most effective is that now not the case, however phytates are honestly healthful for you, genuinely beneficial consequences of phytates, so we should definitely attempt to get as a whole lot phytates in our weight loss plan as feasible, and the manner we do that is by way of eating our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to eat uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d rather not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are these glycotoxins related to expanded chance of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and extended getting older and every kind of truly horrific matters. And it’s shaped when high fats, excessive protein foods are exposed to extremely excessive heat, dry heat.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that kind of component—extraordinarily high.
So if you examine it, whereas plant ingredients have almost nothing irrespective of what you do—I mean you may grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to provide a trouble, however there are rare plant meals which are high within protein outcomes, which include nuts, including soy. So we have to without a doubt, ideally need to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a great idea on a ordinary foundation because of those a while.So that’s why we clearly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, clearly entire nuts are better due to the fact you truly chew all the way down to little particles—no matter how well you chew, you usually most effective fracture all the way down to about 2 mm, which is one thousand instances larger than the particles discovered within nut butters.And the purpose that’s critical is due to the fact the ones cell partitions and those little cubes, which comprise hundreds of thousands of intact partitions, honestly shield all of the vitamins inside from absorption in your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut vegetation.
So when we consume simply acellular foods, powders like flour products, even supposing it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we consume 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t get rid of the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small gut, leaving very little for our intestine flowers on the quit.
Whereas if you eat complete intact grains or whole beans, then there's absolutely these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our true bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get high-quality assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral seller talk. Somebody must examine crop nutrient decline during the last 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So humans seeking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, simply due to the fact they’re looking to promote you some thing.
We can virtually look at the facts; the USDA tracks nutrients in the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you need to consume six florets of broccoli instead of a half of century in the past. Fine, devour six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For folks who say anybody’s different, so we all require exclusive diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does a whole food, plant-based diet help us stay longer, more healthy lives, all and sundry? So, it’s not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla diet and there’s a lemur eating regimen.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some crazy food plan.
No, there’s a weight loss plan that’s clearly tuned to our biology. We developed for millions of years.So we broke from our final tremendous ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow wonderful apes ate, which is basically vegetables and fruit. We have been a plant-based food plan, almost solely plant-based totally food plan, and handiest in the remaining 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing a way to make tools and hunting, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to consuming complete food, plant based totally—so no wonder that the equal type of diet that reverses heart disorder, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the equal food plan that still reverses diabetes, and the identical weight-reduction plan that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes sense due to the fact, look, the anti-inflammatory weight loss program is a diet that facilitates your arteries everywhere during your frame.I mean, look, if that’s all a plant-based diet should do, reverse the primary killer of males and females, shouldn’t that be sort of the default food plan till verified in any other case?
In reality that it can also prevent or opposite other leading killers might seem to make the case for plant-primarily based ingesting really overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing sources with them.
So every now and then it’s tough; human beings put up their defenses whilst a person attempts—when each person comes to us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we trust, there’s simply this form of natural reaction to sort of want to hold on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-celebration resources:
“Here’s a high-quality documentary, here’s a top notch website, here’s a tremendous ebook,” after which they are able to kind of take it in on themselves, and then form of the inducement comes from through in place of feeling a person’s trying to inform them to do something. So that’s one among my favored ways.And proportion splendid meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t rely how—will I live that long or simply sense like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s truely the first-rate of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes awesome and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based totally consuming is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t know my line. Where’s my cue card?