Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about calcium vitamins. In this article we'll discuss calcium vitamins.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a physician, specializing in lifestyle remedy using food regimen and workout not simplest prevent ailment, however to treat and reverse it as nicely.
And all of it clearly goes lower back to my grandma. You know, I think the spark for plenty kids to want to be a doctor once they develop up is watching a grandparent get ill or even die, but for me become watching my grandma get higher.She become identified with cease stage coronary heart disorder.
Already had such a lot of pass surgeries, not anything greater the medical doctors may want to do. She turned into despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early lifestyle medication pioneers, and what befell next is certainly unique within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she or he walked out some weeks later.
She became walking 10 miles a day, and even though she changed into given her medical death sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful food plan became able to enjoy every other 31 years on this planet to age 96, to retain to experience her six grandkids consisting of me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I practice the form of medication I do, lifestyle medicine.
I simply want to do for your family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s first-rate. First query:how much fat and protein will we need each day?
What are the fine resources? And how much need to athletes be eating?Well, you understand, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t consume micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll give you vegan junk meals, we’ll give you fats unfastened junk meals, we’ll come up with… I imply any type of junk food you need because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all about anything specific issue, right?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, diet D” with all this stuff, and that offers us this form of fitness halo, when within fact it should all be about food. And the purpose people don’t communicate approximately food is there’s no money to be made within food.In reality, offer goes terrible;
Can’t sit down at the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to put an ad on television for broccoli due to the fact, you realize, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no cash to be made.You’re never going to see an advert on tv for sweet potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s not where the income is. The gadget is installation to praise simply the unhealthiest but most profitable conduct.And so, I suggest, in order that’s just form of falling into the meals industry’s lure to talk of sort of this reductionist view of nutrients as opposed to food.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I imply so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t talk about it.
That’s why the enterprise wants you to speak like that, but it really has to come all the way down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you understand what else is in dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fat in this us of a.
People suppose like steak or something. No, the primary source of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the primary supply of calcium, but sure, there’s protein within beef, sure, there’s iron in pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as a lot as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you may’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however maintain the saturated fat, keep the hormones, maintain the cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal. So the thing about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you understand, dark inexperienced leafy greens alternatively, then it’s like, properly, the bags is virtually an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all this stuff lacking from sort of the dairy source.
So that’s how we think within phrases of meals. So in case you ask me what are the first-rate foods that appear to have fat in them, properly, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus instead of the baggage.In terms of protein assets, every body who doesn’t understand a way to get protein on a plant-primarily based diet doesn’t recognize beans, proper?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then additionally a number of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So whole plant foods are the healthiest way to get nearly all your vitamins, and that’s without a doubt, I suppose, how we ought to reflect onconsideration on the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question number :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam form of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the science round that. Distilled water just sort of appears a waste of power to me.I mean it’s the equal element with like, you know, type of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a completely form of wasteful process. But you could put off a few little trace minerals, but that’s not virtually the issue.I suggest tap water is normally the cheapest, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the cause why we don’t develop old and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride even though?
It’s not important, but from a public health point of view—rich humans can visit the dentist and afford all sorts of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their teeth—however from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which may not have the dental care which you have, and so if you have a dental trouble, no huge deal, go to the dentist, right? But if they have a dental trouble, they might lose their enamel, which means losing quite a few their vitamins or being within persistent ache.And virtually from a public health perspective fluoridated water is—in fact, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness innovations over the last century.
Gianna Question range three: are there any hints or unique recommendations for women who pick out to devour a plant-based totally food regimen even as pregnant, and who additionally pick out to elevate kids plant based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re eating for 2 it’s just that much more important to get all the nutrients you want, and so it’s basically all the equal recommendation you’d give to anybody ingesting a healthy diet, consuming a plant-based weight loss plan.
Critically vital: vitamin B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by using flowers.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by means of animals which includes your self whilst you stroll outdoor; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the alternative one’s diet B12.
Not made by plants, not made through animals both; made by little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we ought to get all of the B12 we wished ingesting properly water or out of a mountain or some thing a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water deliver to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a whole lot of B12 in our water any extra.
Don’t get lots of cholera either. It’s an awesome factor that we live within a pleasant sanitary international, however due to that we need to get a everyday reliable supply of B12.Critically important, especially for pregnant women, however for all people.
During pregnancy iodine’s essential, a mineral regularly lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended day by day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we enhance our kids healthful?I say sure, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human records, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the high-quality-promoting books ever, 2d simplest to the Bible perhaps on this USA.
Where in his last edition he wrote, within his 90s before he died, advocated all youngsters be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he ought to see what the grandparents had been dying from and see this burgeoning formative years weight problems epidemic. So definitely we have to boost our kids inside the healthiest feasible manner.That method no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That way having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and a whole meals, plant-primarily based food regimen—in reality fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their reliable function paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are appropriate for all ranges of the life-style, inclusive of pregnancy and infancy and on via old age.So definitely, we should all be raising healthy youngsters, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a ebook on elevating vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two things approximately it. Gianna adequate, range four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why both males and females need no longer worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the internet.If you observe the technological know-how, although, it’s actually simply form of a high-quality medical consensus in terms of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal reviews, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or distinctive traces of mice have distinct consequences. When we eventually had human facts, so as an instance breast cancer, you could see concerns on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t know till 2004, the primary study that simply put it to the take a look at and actually followed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And in that statistic and within all of five reviews finished so far, each single one observed that ladies with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor high-quality or poor, whether they have been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continually extra survival;put all of them together, more survival, decrease most cancers recurrence price.
And so we’ve regarded that eating soy, specially in the course of adolescence, can lessen the hazard of getting breast cancer in the first vicinity, but now we comprehend it’s associated with improved survival as well. So wait a 2nd.How is that possible whilst it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s truly two types of estrogen receptor cells—it’s an extended story:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a different form of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the outcomes of soy at the frame subjects at the ratio of these specific receptors and specific organs of the body.And so it genuinely has pro-estrogen results in which you need it, like in the bones, skeleton.
It genuinely reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, within experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic effects wherein you want it, as an instance in the breast, reducing breast most cancers danger and improving breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy time period for essentially the quality of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic effect, reduces breast most cancers threat. And so you don’t must eat it;all of the legumes are healthful, and i inspire people to eat entire soy sources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you can get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it for your salad, a exceptional desire. Tempeh, miso, those are all entire soy meals, in addition to a number of the more processed stuff.And so that you appearance inside the clinical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got heaps of movies about it. So yeah, you just don’t accept as true with the craziness you read on the net.Gianna And just for the adult males available that are concerned that they may develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But via excessive soy—they were actually ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I overlook… I suppose some human beings, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that level you may virtually get sufficient alpha receptor hobby to truly have seasoned-estrogenic consequences. So the option isn't always to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it might be healthy. So soy consumption within men is associated with lower prostate cancer chance, which is the primary most cancers killer precise to men.Gianna adequate, question number five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti-inflammatory food regimen, no marvel, may be one of the great nutritional treatments for inflammatory sicknesses within standard, which includes auto-immune disorder.So for example, a couple of sclerosis, which is an auto-immune sickness in which your body attacks your own nerves, the single pleasant recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, some thing, no capsules—have ever crushed out a plant-based totally food regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss plan, so the best. So it’s no longer simply more secure, cheaper.No, the most effective remedy ever posted in the peer reviewed clinical scientific literature, a plant-primarily based weight loss plan.
Chron’s ailment, same component. A statistic out of Japan using a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan, some of the satisfactory relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s ailment is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking approximately goal measures which includes grip power and inflammatory markers in the blood move or just in terms of quality of existence for people suffering from those sicknesses. Auto-immune sickness, we simply don’t have quite a few correct records for.We have statistics, so the Adventist 2 study discovered that people who consume strictly plant-based diets have the best shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, that means everyday thyroid feature, and so it could prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s never been any research that genuinely placed plant-based diets to the check within phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speakme about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s different varieties of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have information for, but it might make sense if it really works for some of these other auto-immune diseases, it works for those other inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory food plan might have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could think fiber?We assume like bowel health or some thing.
It’s just form of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our proper intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to think that was simply intestine fitness, but now we know that our microbiome, our friendly flowers down in our colon in reality may have results on our immune system, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, that is fiber and resistant starch observed in abundance in simplest one location: entire plant meals, and a number of those compounds have anti inflammatory effects.They’re destroy down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated for the duration of your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-primarily based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on nutrients and dietary supplements, vegan based totally, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, simply nutrition B12 is severely crucial for everyone eating a healthy weight-reduction plan, so I’d recommend 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the most inexpensive supply.Once a week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all the B12 you need, but critically critical from a normal dependable source.If you’re no longer getting enough solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and young sufficient and skinny enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the diet D you need.
But it doesn’t rely how sunny it's far in case you’re stuck at a table job all day, not getting outside, in which case you’d need to complement your diet with nutrition D, the light nutrition. I suggest 2,000 worldwide devices of vitamin D3 an afternoon.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going lower back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It become given that—interesting—type of debunked with the aid of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave human beings an entire bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the kind of stunning results that were at the beginning seen, but they have been the usage of oral vitamin C.We used to suppose, nicely, oral nutrition C is similar to intravenous diet C, however no, our frame sincerely clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t be counted either manner, you’ll soak up all of it. But once your body gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is ready five servings of end result and vegetables well worth—your frame begins clamping “that’s a bit too much.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, in order that they honestly weren’t uncovered to the equal quantity.And so i've an entire shows of films on intravenous nutrition C for most cancers in case you’re interested in that;
I inspire people to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—ought to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale within a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it horrific for the thyroid to devour them uncooked? Oh, my God.We ought to devour cruciferous veggies within whichever manner gets us to devour the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to consume the most.In reality cruciferous veggies are certainly one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak about all of the meals I inspire humans to get and suit into their day by day habitual.So, , veggies each day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognize, the exceptional beverage, the quality sweeteners, how lots workout to get—just to kind of encourage humans to try and suit a number of the healthies of healthful foods into the diet.And one of these boxes I inspire humans to tick off each day, you’re not going to fit—you’re now not going to check off the day until you get some form of cruciferous greens, which is set a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of raw.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard veggies, these kinds of super veggies. And so essentially but you get them to your food plan, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a first-rate cross-to manner to get vegetables to your breakfast.
And I type of spoil some white beans within my oatmeal just to get my legumes, were given to check the ones off. But, yeah, positioned them in a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;so long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most important element.
Now you could overdo, I mean you could overdo raw cruciferous vegetables which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which might be found within plenty of healthy meals, no longer only broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of different healthful matters. But the option isn't always to keep away from these in reality healthful meals;it’s simply to get enough iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just intrude with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re certainly marginally now not getting enough iodine, then eating quite a few broccoli and cruciferous can definitely have an effect on your ranges. So the response, you simply make sure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, and then much like darkish green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the more ways you can get them into your weight loss plan, the better.There turned into this famous case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I forget about, it turned into like actually heaps of kilos of uncooked bok choy, she was on some crazy eating regimen, and in reality did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 pounds… ok, but… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I inspire humans, proper. And appearance, we’re speakme approximately foods with medicinal consequences.I suggest we ought to expect like if you could consume as tons—I imply if there’s an unlimited quantity of something that you may be exposed to, possibly doesn’t have a good deal “uumph” to it, right?
But the reality that, look, no, some of those meals could have effective effects on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a positive level that you need to stay through, however thankfully they’re all effortlessly within any sort of typical culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, nicely, see, part of the motive that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to remove the phytates.So there has been this notion, primarily based on experiences on dogs lower back within the ‘50s, that phytates were mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may eliminate the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to put off the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and different essential minerals. But we now understand no longer simplest is that not the case, but phytates are simply healthy for you, definitely beneficial consequences of phytates, so we should clearly attempt to get as plenty phytates within our weight loss plan as feasible, and the manner we do that is via eating our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to devour raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The cause we’d rather not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which can be those glycotoxins related to multiplied chance of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and increased getting older and all types of actually awful things. And it’s shaped while high fat, excessive protein foods are uncovered to extraordinarily excessive heat, dry heat.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled hen, that sort of component—extraordinarily high.
So in case you study it, whereas plant ingredients have almost nothing no matter what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and you’re now not going to provide a hassle, however there are rare plant meals which are excessive within protein effects, which includes nuts, consisting of soy. So we must definitely, preferably need to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not a good concept on a everyday foundation because of those a long time.So that’s why we sincerely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, without a doubt whole nuts are higher because you sincerely chew all the way down to little debris—irrespective of how well you bite, you normally most effective fracture all the way down to approximately 2 mm, that is 1000 times large than the particles determined in nut butters.And the motive that’s important is because the ones mobile partitions and people little cubes, which incorporate masses of hundreds of intact partitions, simply defend all of the nutrients inner from absorption for your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our gut flowers.
So whilst we devour simply acellular meals, powders like flour products, even supposing it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we devour 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t remove the fiber, however all the vitamins are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine plants on the stop.
Whereas in case you consume entire intact grains or whole beans, then there's without a doubt those little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our suitable bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, where are we able to get notable assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral seller communicate. Somebody have to take a look at crop nutrient decline over the past half of century, maybe 15%.So humans looking to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, simply because they’re seeking to sell you something.
We can in reality take a look at the insights; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going again for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, good enough, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli as opposed to a half of century ago. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no want to take mineral supplements.
Gianna ok. Number ten: For those who say all people’s one of a kind, so all of us require one of a kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does an entire food, plant-primarily based diet help us live longer, healthier lives, anybody? So, it’s no longer like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss plan and there’s a lemur food regimen.It’s not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few loopy food regimen.
No, there’s a weight loss plan that’s obviously tuned to our biology. We evolved for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our final exceptional ape ancestors approximately 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow awesome apes ate, which is basically veggies and fruit. We had been a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan, nearly exclusively plant-based eating regimen, and best within the remaining 10% of our evolution did we begin knowing the way to make tools and hunting, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to eating entire meals, plant based—so no surprise that the same type of eating regimen that reverses heart disorder, the primary killer of men and women, is the same weight-reduction plan that also reverses diabetes, and the same diet that reverses high blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes sense because, look, the anti inflammatory diet is a weight-reduction plan that helps your arteries anywhere during your body.I imply, appearance, if that’s all a plant-primarily based diet could do, opposite the number one killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default weight loss plan till proven in any other case?
In truth that it is able to also prevent or opposite other main killers might seem to make the case for plant-based consuming in reality overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing assets with them.
So occasionally it’s difficult; human beings put up their defenses when a person attempts—while every person involves us with some new idea that conflicts with what we trust, there’s just this type of herbal response to kind of want to maintain on.That’s why sharing kind of third-celebration resources:
“Here’s a notable documentary, right here’s a amazing website, here’s a exquisite ebook,” and then they can kind of take it within on themselves, and then type of the motivation comes from through rather than feeling someone’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s certainly one of my preferred approaches.And proportion superb meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t remember how—will I stay that lengthy or just feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s actually the great of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes brilliant and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based eating is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?