Learn more information about carbs in chickpeas. In this article we'll discuss carbs in chickpeas.
Happy to be here.
i'm a physician, focusing on way of life remedy the use of food regimen and exercise no longer only save you ailment, but to treat and reverse it as well.
And it all in reality is going returned to my grandma. You realize, I assume the spark for many children to need to be a health practitioner after they develop up is watching a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, but for me become looking my grandma get higher.She changed into identified with stop degree coronary heart disease.
Already had such a lot of skip surgical procedures, not anything greater the medical doctors may want to do. She was despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one in every of our early way of life medication pioneers, and what occurred next is truly targeted within Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and she walked out a few weeks later.
She became taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and although she was given her clinical dying sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful eating regimen turned into capable of experience every other 31 years on earth to age 96, to continue to revel in her six grandkids including me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I practice the kind of medicinal drug I do, life-style medicinal drug.
I just need to do to your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s superb. First query:how plenty fats and protein do we need each day?
What are the great assets? And how an awful lot should athletes be eating?Well, you already know, we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk food, we’ll give you fat unfastened junk meals, we’ll come up with… I mean any form of junk food you want as it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all approximately some thing specific element, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that offers us this form of health halo, when in fact it must all be approximately meals. And the purpose human beings don’t communicate about food is there’s no cash to be made within food.In reality, produce is going terrible;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a couple weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to position an advert on television for broccoli due to the fact, you know, they’ll just buy a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re by no means going to see an ad on tv for candy potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s not in which the income is. The device is installation to praise just the unhealthiest however maximum worthwhile behavior.And so, I suggest, so that’s just sort of falling into the meals enterprise’s trap to speak of sort of this reductionist view of nutrients in place of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I mean so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, proper?So that’s why you could’t talk about it.
That’s why the enterprise wants you to talk like that, however it honestly has to return down to is what are the healthiest meals? So like, appearance, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is within dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fat on this us of a.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the primary source of saturated fat is dairy, yes, the primary source of calcium, but yes, there’s protein within beef, sure, there’s iron in beef, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as a lot as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however maintain the saturated fat, preserve the hormones, maintain the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a package deal— meals is a bundle deal. So the aspect approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you know, darkish green leafy greens alternatively, then it’s like, properly, the luggage is honestly a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items missing from form of the dairy source.
So that’s how we suppose in phrases of meals. So in case you question me what are the best ingredients that manifest to have fats in them, well, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you just get the bonus instead of the bags.In terms of protein assets, everyone who doesn’t realize a way to get protein on a plant-primarily based weight loss plan doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then also some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So whole plant ingredients are the healthiest way to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s truly, I assume, how we should consider the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question variety :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam sort of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technological know-how around that. Distilled water simply kind of appears a waste of energy to me.I mean it’s the identical element with like, you know, sort of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a very kind of wasteful procedure. But you can take away some little hint minerals, however that’s now not sincerely the problem.I mean tap water is usually the cheapest, most secure source of ingesting water.
Gianna What about fluoride within it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s not important, but from a public fitness viewpoint—wealthy people can visit the dentist and manage to pay for all styles of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—however from a public fitness scale, I suggest that’s the way you reach impoverished populations which may not have the dental care that you have, and so when you have a dental problem, no large deal, visit the dentist, proper? But in the event that they have a dental hassle, they might lose their tooth, this means that dropping loads of their nutrients or being within chronic pain.And in reality from a public health point of view fluoridated water is—in fact, in step with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public health improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any recommendations or special recommendations for women who select to devour a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan while pregnant, and who also pick out to elevate children plant based after the breast milk level if over?When you’re consuming for 2 it’s just that much more critical to get all of the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all the equal advice you’d supply to everyone consuming a healthy diet, consuming a plant-based diet.
Critically vital: nutrition B12.So there’s vitamins that aren’t made by way of flowers.
One’s diet D, that is made with the aid of animals together with your self whilst you stroll outdoor; it’s the sunshine nutrition.And the other one’s nutrition B12.
Not made via flora, now not made by animals both; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you recognize, we could get all the B12 we needed drinking well water or out of a mountain or something a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have lots of B12 in our water any greater.
Don’t get quite a few cholera either. It’s a terrific element that we live in a pleasing sanitary global, however due to that we want to get a ordinary dependable supply of B12.Critically important, particularly for pregnant girls, but for every person.
During pregnancy iodine’s important, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s important, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we boost our children healthy?I say yes, indeed, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th edition of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the pleasant-promoting books ever, 2nd simplest to the Bible possibly in this United States of America.
Where within his final version he wrote, in his 90s earlier than he died, encouraged all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he could see what the grandparents had been loss of life from and notice this burgeoning early life obesity epidemic. So in reality we ought to increase our youngsters within the healthiest feasible way.That method now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That approach having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and an entire meals, plant-based totally weight loss program—honestly fundamental, easy. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their legitimate function paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are appropriate for all stages of the life-style, which include pregnancy and infancy and on thru vintage age.So without a doubt, we should all be raising wholesome children, and in fact, Scott Stoll is presently writing a book on elevating vegan kids;
he’s got six, so he is aware of one or two things about it. Gianna ok, number four:please assist explain soy and hormones, and why each males and females want now not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All styles of nuttiness out at the internet.If you study the technology, even though, it’s clearly simply type of a exquisite medical consensus within terms of human beings.
I imply, the laboratory animal experiences, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or special traces of mice have specific results. When we ultimately had human stats, so for example breast most cancers, you can see concerns at the net about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t understand till 2004, the first statistic that really placed it to the check and in fact observed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to peer who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And within that study and in all of five experiences done to date, every unmarried one discovered that girls with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor positive or poor, whether they had been on Tamoxifen or now not—all constantly greater survival;placed all of them together, more survival, decrease most cancers recurrence rate.
And so we’ve acknowledged that ingesting soy, particularly during childhood, can lessen the risk of getting breast cancer within the first vicinity, however now we are aware of it’s related to stepped forward survival as nicely. So wait a second.How is that possible whilst it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s simply kinds of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long story:alpha, beta—so essentially your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a specific sort of estrogen receptors. So it matters, the consequences of soy on the body matters at the ratio of those specific receptors and exceptional organs of the frame.And so it honestly has seasoned-estrogen consequences where you need it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It honestly reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, as an example, in experiences of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic effects in which you need it, for example within the breast, reducing breast cancer risk and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy time period for essentially the quality of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer hazard. And so you don’t ought to eat it;all of the legumes are healthy, and i encourage human beings to eat whole soy assets like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you could get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a exquisite preference. Tempeh, miso, these are all whole soy ingredients, as well as a number of the extra processed stuff.And so that you appearance in the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got lots of movies about it. So yeah, you simply don’t believe the craziness you examine at the internet.Gianna And only for the men accessible which are involved that they could grow breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But by immoderate soy—they had been literally consuming gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I overlook… I think a few humans, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that stage you can clearly get sufficient alpha receptor interest to virtually have pro-estrogenic effects. So the response isn't always to avoid soy, but now not drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in fact it'd be wholesome. So soy consumption in guys is associated with decrease prostate cancer risk, which is the primary cancer killer precise to guys.Gianna good enough, question quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So consuming an anti inflammatory diet, no surprise, may be one of the first-class nutritional treatments for inflammatory illnesses in popular, along with car-immune disease.So as an example, a couple of sclerosis, that is an car-immune ailment wherein your body attacks your very own nerves, the unmarried fine recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, whatever, no drugs—have ever crushed out a plant-based food plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss program, so the only. So it’s no longer simply safer, cheaper.No, the simplest remedy ever published inside the peer reviewed medical clinical literature, a plant-based totally food regimen.
Chron’s disease, equal aspect. A study out of Japan the usage of a plant-based eating regimen, some of the first-class relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disorder is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speaking about goal measures such as grip power and inflammatory markers inside the blood circulate or simply in terms of high-quality of existence for human beings laid low with those sicknesses. Auto-immune sickness, we simply don’t have lots of right records for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 statistic located that individuals who eat strictly plant-primarily based diets have the best rates of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, meaning ordinary thyroid feature, and so it may prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s by no means been any statistic that virtually positioned plant-based totally diets to the test within phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re speaking about something like iodine deficiency. There’s other kinds of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have stats for, but it would make sense if it works for a lot of these different automobile-immune illnesses, it works for these different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti inflammatory weight loss program might have this effect.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who could assume fiber?We suppose like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply form of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our exact intestine bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our intestine. And we used to assume that became just gut fitness, but now we know that our microbiome, our pleasant plant life down in our colon absolutely may have outcomes on our immune gadget, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, which is fiber and resistant starch located within abundance within most effective one vicinity: complete plant ingredients, and a number of those compounds have anti-inflammatory consequences.They’re damage down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated all through your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, sincerely nutrition B12 is seriously crucial for anyone consuming a healthful diet, so I’d endorse 2500 micrograms of what’s known as cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest supply.Once a week is all you need.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, however critically essential from a regular dependable source.If you’re not getting enough solar… Now, in case you’re light skinned sufficient and young enough and thin enough and live at a range that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the diet D you need.
But it doesn’t count number how sunny it's far in case you’re caught at a desk process all day, not getting outside, in which case you’d want to complement your diet with vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin. I advocate 2,000 worldwide units of vitamin D3 a day.So, I mean intravenous nutrition C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going lower back to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It changed into due to the fact that—exciting—form of debunked by means of Mayo Clinic, in which they gave human beings a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the type of astonishing outcomes that had been at the beginning seen, however they have been the usage of oral nutrition C.We used to assume, properly, oral vitamin C is similar to intravenous nutrition C, but no, our frame certainly clamps down on nutrition C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t count both way, you’ll take in it all. But as soon as your frame gets over about 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is ready five servings of end result and vegetables well worth—your body starts offevolved clamping “that’s a touch too much.” Your frame starts offevolved clamping down on absorption, so that they truly weren’t uncovered to the identical amount.And so i've a whole shows of movies on intravenous vitamin C for cancer if you’re interested in that;
I inspire people to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—should we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale in a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it awful for the thyroid to devour them uncooked? Oh, my God.We should devour cruciferous veggies in whichever manner receives us to consume the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way gets you to devour the maximum.In reality cruciferous greens are one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate about all of the foods I encourage people to get and suit into their day by day habitual.So, , vegetables each day are the healthies veggies, beans every day, berries every day are the healthiest fruits.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognize, the satisfactory beverage, the high-quality sweeteners, how a good deal workout to get—simply to sort of encourage people to try and fit a number of the healthies of wholesome ingredients into the diet.And one of those containers I encourage people to tick off each day, you’re not going to match—you’re now not going to test off the day unless you get some form of cruciferous greens, which is set a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of uncooked.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, all these terrific vegetables. And so essentially but you get them for your weight-reduction plan, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a terrific cross-to manner to get veggies for your breakfast.
And I kind of smash some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, got to check the ones off. But, yeah, positioned them in a smoothie, positioned them anywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the maximum essential element.
Now you may overdo, I suggest you can overdo raw cruciferous vegetables that have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds that are discovered within masses of healthy meals, now not most effective broccoli, however also flaxseeds and a number of different wholesome things. But the reply isn't always to avoid these without a doubt healthful foods;it’s simply to get enough iodine because these goitrogenic compounds simply intrude with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re truly marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting a whole lot of broccoli and cruciferous can actually affect your tiers. So the answer, you just make sure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so that you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then much like dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the extra ways you may get them into your food plan, the better.There become this famous case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I forget, it became like actually thousands of kilos of raw bok choy, she turned into on a few loopy weight loss plan, and in fact did run into thyroid troubles, so 1000 pounds… ok, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage humans, proper. And appearance, we’re speaking about foods with medicinal outcomes.I mean we ought to expect like if you can devour as tons—I imply if there’s an unlimited quantity of some thing that you can be exposed to, in all likelihood doesn’t have lots “uumph” to it, right?
But the truth that, appearance, no, a number of these ingredients could have effective effects on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a certain stage which you need to live through, however thankfully they’re all easily within any form of typical culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, properly, see, part of the reason that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to eliminate the phytates.So there has been this concept, based on experiences on dogs back inside the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may remove the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to take away the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different vital minerals. But we now recognise no longer most effective is that now not the case, but phytates are actually healthful for you, definitely useful effects of phytates, so we should really try and get as a whole lot phytates in our weight-reduction plan as possible, and the manner we do that is by using ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire human beings to devour uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The purpose we’d alternatively not roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which can be these glycotoxins associated with elevated threat of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and extended getting older and all types of truly horrific matters. And it’s shaped while high fat, high protein ingredients are exposed to extremely excessive heat, dry heat.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed hot puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled hen, that kind of element—extremely excessive.
So in case you observe it, whereas plant foods have almost not anything regardless of what you do—I suggest you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re not going to deliver a problem, but there are uncommon plant meals which might be high within protein outcomes, which include nuts, including soy. So we have to clearly, preferably have to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an amazing idea on a everyday basis due to those a while.So that’s why we honestly shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, truly entire nuts are higher due to the fact you in reality chunk all the way down to little debris—no matter how well you bite, you commonly simplest fracture down to about 2 mm, that is 1000 times larger than the debris determined within nut butters.And the reason that’s critical is because those cellular walls and those little cubes, which contain hundreds of hundreds of intact partitions, genuinely guard all the nutrients interior from absorption for your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut plant life.
So while we eat simply acellular meals, powders like flour products, even supposing it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we devour 100% whole wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the nutrients; they didn’t get rid of the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, uncovered to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving very little for our gut vegetation on the stop.
Whereas if you eat whole intact grains or complete beans, then there is in reality these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our suitable micro organism, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, where can we get extremely good assets of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy hint mineral dealer speak. Somebody should take a look at crop nutrient decline over the last 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So people seeking to sell you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, just due to the fact they’re seeking to sell you some thing.
We can truly take a look at the stats; the USDA tracks vitamins inside the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, good enough, in preference to five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli in preference to a half of century in the past. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For individuals who say every body’s distinct, so all of us require specific diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation in this, and does a whole meals, plant-based totally eating regimen assist us stay longer, healthier lives, everybody? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight-reduction plan and there’s a lemur food regimen.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few crazy weight loss plan.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for millions of years.So we broke from our final high-quality ape ancestors approximately 20 million years ago.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow super apes ate, which is largely vegetables and fruit. We had been a plant-based weight loss plan, nearly exclusively plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan, and only in the last 10% of our evolution did we begin understanding how to make gear and searching, etc.And so our biology is tuned to eating whole food, plant based—so no wonder that the identical type of eating regimen that reverses coronary heart sickness, the primary killer of women and men, is the equal weight loss plan that also reverses diabetes, and the equal weight-reduction plan that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes feel because, look, the anti-inflammatory weight loss plan is a food regimen that helps your arteries anywhere during your frame.I mean, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based totally diet may want to do, opposite the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default weight loss program until verified in any other case?
In truth that it may additionally prevent or reverse different main killers could appear to make the case for plant-based totally consuming without a doubt overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I think sharing sources with them.
So sometimes it’s tough; people put up their defenses when a person attempts—when anybody comes to us with a few new concept that conflicts with what we believe, there’s simply this form of herbal response to sort of need to keep on.That’s why sharing kind of 0.33-birthday party resources:
“Here’s a terrific documentary, right here’s a terrific website, right here’s a high-quality e-book,” after which they can kind of take it in on themselves, after which kind of the inducement comes from within as opposed to feeling a person’s attempting to inform them to do something. So that’s one in all my favourite ways.And percentage exceptional meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I live that long or simply sense like I lived that long? But no, it’s sincerely the first-rate of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes splendid and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-based ingesting is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?