Author: Mark Velov
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about fiber in white bread. In this article we'll discuss fiber in white bread.
Happy to be right here.
i am a doctor, specializing in lifestyle medicinal drug the use of weight loss plan and exercise no longer best save you sickness, however to deal with and reverse it as nicely.
And all of it simply is going returned to my grandma. You recognise, I assume the spark for many children to need to be a medical doctor once they develop up is watching a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, but for me changed into watching my grandma get higher.She became recognized with cease degree heart ailment.
Already had so many skip surgeries, nothing greater the medical doctors should do. She changed into despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, certainly one of our early life-style remedy pioneers, and what passed off next is truely certain within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out some weeks later.
She become taking walks 10 miles an afternoon, and even though she turned into given her clinical death sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy eating regimen become capable of revel in another 31 years on the planet to age 96, to continue to experience her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into remedy.That’s why I exercise the form of medication I do, lifestyle medicine.
I simply need to do on your own family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s superb. First question:how a whole lot fat and protein can we want daily?
What are the quality sources? And how much must athletes be ingesting?Well, you recognize, we don’t consume macro vitamins;
we don’t eat micro nutrients.You need Paleo junk meals, we’ll come up with vegan junk food, we’ll come up with fats free junk food, we’ll provide you with… I mean any kind of junk food you need as it’s all about macro nutrients or it’s all approximately anything precise component, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they are able to say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these items, and that offers us this kind of fitness halo, whilst within truth it have to all be about food. And the motive humans don’t speak about meals is there’s no cash to be made in meals.In fact, offer goes terrible;
Can’t take a seat at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't going to place an ad on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you recognize, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no cash to be made.You’re never going to look an advert on tv for candy potatoes because there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not in which the income is. The machine is set up to reward just the unhealthiest however maximum profitable behavior.And so, I suggest, so that’s simply kind of falling into the meals industry’s trap to speak of form of this reductionist view of nutrients in place of food.
Like what’s the fine food, right?Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, proper? I mean so fat, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t communicate approximately it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to speak like that, but it definitely has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy industry can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is within dairy?It’s the primary source of saturated fat on this us of a.
People think like steak or something. No, the number one source of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the primary source of calcium, however sure, there’s protein in pork, sure, there’s iron within red meat, right?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as a whole lot as Burger King says you could “have it your manner,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i get the protein however keep the saturated fats, hold the hormones, hold the cholesterol.” I realize, it’s a bundle— food is a package deal. So the component about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you recognize, dark green leafy greens alternatively, then it’s like, well, the bags is actually an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items lacking from form of the dairy source.
So that’s how we assume in terms of meals. So if you question me what are the first-rate ingredients that happen to have fats in them, well, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s simply—you just get the bonus as opposed to the bags.In phrases of protein resources, all people who doesn’t recognize the way to get protein on a plant-primarily based food plan doesn’t realize beans, proper?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant country. And then also a number of the entire grains, nuts and seeds and all sorts of things.So entire plant ingredients are the healthiest manner to get nearly all of your nutrients, and that’s truly, I assume, how we have to think about the ones macro nutrients.
Gianna Question wide variety :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, scam kind of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technological know-how around that. Distilled water just type of appears a waste of electricity to me.I imply it’s the equal component with like, you understand, type of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a completely form of wasteful manner. But you can get rid of a few little hint minerals, however that’s not clearly the issue.I suggest tap water is commonly the cheapest, most secure supply of drinking water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t develop antique and lose all our teeth.Gianna Should we be consuming fluoride though?
It’s no longer vital, however from a public health viewpoint—wealthy human beings can go to the dentist and find the money for all forms of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her tooth—but from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s how you attain impoverished populations which won't have the dental care that you have, and so if you have a dental problem, no massive deal, visit the dentist, right? But if they have a dental trouble, they may lose their teeth, this means that losing lots of their nutrients or being in chronic ache.And actually from a public health standpoint fluoridated water is—within reality, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the best public health improvements during the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any guidelines or special recommendations for girls who select to consume a plant-primarily based food plan while pregnant, and who additionally pick out to elevate youngsters plant based totally after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re eating for two it’s just that rather more critical to get all of the nutrients you need, and so it’s basically all the identical recommendation you’d deliver to every body ingesting a healthful weight-reduction plan, ingesting a plant-based totally food plan.
Critically critical: vitamin B12.So there’s two nutrients that aren’t made by using plants.
One’s vitamin D, which is made with the aid of animals together with your self while you stroll outdoor; it’s the light vitamin.And the other one’s diet B12.
Not made by using plants, no longer made by animals either; made by using little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we should get all the B12 we wished ingesting properly water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a variety of B12 in our water any more.
Don’t get lots of cholera either. It’s a good factor that we stay within a pleasant sanitary global, however because of that we need to get a regular dependable source of B12.Critically critical, mainly for pregnant girls, however for everyone.
During being pregnant iodine’s crucial, a mineral often lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s crucial, if you’re getting a prenatal, to ensure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we raise our kids healthy?I say yes, certainly, and so does the maximum esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, in the seventh edition of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the high-quality-promoting books ever, 2nd best to the Bible perhaps in this United States.
Where in his final version he wrote, in his 90s earlier than he died, encouraged all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that because he may want to see what the grandparents were dying from and spot this burgeoning youth obesity epidemic. So simply we need to raise our kids inside the healthiest possible manner.That approach now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That manner having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms in the domestic, and an entire meals, plant-based totally eating regimen—without a doubt fundamental, simple. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in their authentic role paper says strictly plant-based totally diets are suitable for all ranges of the way of life, including being pregnant and infancy and on via old age.So absolutely, we must all be elevating healthy youngsters, and actually, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e-book on elevating vegan kids;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or things about it. Gianna adequate, number four:please help give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both ladies and men need not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out at the net.If you look at the technological know-how, even though, it’s certainly simply type of a amazing medical consensus in terms of human beings.
I suggest, the laboratory animal studies, it relies upon in case you’re a hamster or a rat, or unique lines of mice have extraordinary consequences. When we finally had human information, so for example breast most cancers, you could see worries at the internet about, appearance, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognize until 2004, the primary statistic that definitely positioned it to the take a look at and in fact followed breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and a few that didn’t, just to look who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that research and within all of five experiences done up to now, each single one observed that women with breast most cancers, whether or not estrogen receptor nice or bad, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or not—all continuously greater survival;put all of them collectively, extra survival, lower cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve recognised that eating soy, mainly during adolescence, can lessen the danger of getting breast most cancers within the first place, however now we comprehend it’s associated with stepped forward survival as well. So wait a 2d.How is that possible when it has estrogenic results?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s actually two forms of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted story:alpha, beta—so essentially your personal estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a exceptional form of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the consequences of soy at the frame subjects on the ratio of those special receptors and specific organs of the frame.And so it clearly has seasoned-estrogen outcomes in which you need it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It virtually reduces bone loss in comparison to dairy milk, as an example, in reports of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences in which you want it, for instance within the breast, reducing breast most cancers risk and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy time period for basically the pleasant of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen impact, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic effect, reduces breast cancer risk. And so you don’t need to eat it;all of the legumes are healthful, and i encourage humans to consume entire soy sources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you may get frozen bags of it, sprinkle it on your salad, a extremely good choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all entire soy foods, as well as some of the extra processed stuff.And so that you appearance inside the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve were given tons of films approximately it. So yeah, you just don’t consider the craziness you study at the internet.Gianna And just for the men available which can be worried that they may grow breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy intake.
But by way of immoderate soy—they had been literally drinking gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget… I assume a few human beings, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that stage you can clearly get sufficient alpha receptor pastime to sincerely have pro-estrogenic consequences. So the response isn't always to keep away from soy, however no longer drink four gallons of soy milk an afternoon.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it might be healthful. So soy consumption within men is related to lower prostate most cancers risk, that's the primary most cancers killer particular to men.Gianna adequate, question quantity five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti-inflammatory eating regimen, no wonder, may be one of the excellent nutritional treatments for inflammatory diseases in trendy, inclusive of auto-immune ailment.So as an example, multiple sclerosis, that's an car-immune sickness in which your body attacks your own nerves, the single high-quality recorded intervention—medical, surgical, anything, no pills—have ever beaten out a plant-primarily based food regimen:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS food regimen, so the only. So it’s no longer just more secure, inexpensive.No, the simplest remedy ever posted within the peer reviewed clinical scientific literature, a plant-based eating regimen.
Chron’s disease, identical aspect. A research out of Japan using a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan, a number of the best relapse prevention shares ever.Chron’s disease is an auto-immune inflammatory bowel ailment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re speaking approximately objective measures which include grip power and inflammatory markers within the blood stream or simply within phrases of excellent of lifestyles for humans laid low with these sicknesses. Auto-immune disorder, we just don’t have quite a few top information for.We have insights, so the Adventist 2 poll found that folks that eat strictly plant-based totally diets have the very best shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, meaning everyday thyroid function, and so it could save you thyroid issues.
But there’s by no means been any study that without a doubt positioned plant-based diets to the take a look at within phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other forms of inflammatory illnesses that we don’t have records for, however it might make feel if it really works for these types of different vehicle-immune diseases, it really works for these other inflammatory sicknesses, an anti inflammatory weight loss program would have this effect.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We assume like bowel health or something.
It’s simply form of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our right gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our gut. And we used to assume that become simply gut health, but now we know that our microbiome, our pleasant plant life down within our colon clearly can have outcomes on our immune gadget, even our mental fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They devour prebiotics, which is fiber and resistant starch found in abundance within handiest one place: entire plant foods, and some of these compounds have anti inflammatory results.They’re break down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your system and circulated throughout your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your thoughts on vitamins and dietary supplements, vegan based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, really nutrition B12 is critically important for all people consuming a wholesome diet, so I’d endorse 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest source.Once every week is all you need.
Costs much less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all the B12 you want, however seriously vital from a everyday dependable supply.If you’re no longer getting enough solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned enough and young enough and skinny enough and stay at a latitude that’s sunny sufficient, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all the vitamin D you want.
But it doesn’t depend how sunny it is in case you’re stuck at a desk job all day, now not getting outdoor, in which case you’d need to supplement your weight loss plan with diet D, the sunshine vitamin. I recommend 2,000 international gadgets of vitamin D3 a day.So, I imply intravenous vitamin C has been used as a most cancers remedy, going returned to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s paintings.
It changed into on the grounds that—thrilling—form of debunked by means of Mayo Clinic, where they gave people a whole bunch of diet C; didn’t see the type of fabulous effects that were in the beginning seen, however they had been the use of oral diet C.We used to assume, properly, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous diet C, but no, our frame truely clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t rely both manner, you’ll take in it all. But as soon as your body receives over approximately 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is set five servings of fruits and greens really worth—your body starts offevolved clamping “that’s a touch too much.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, so they actually weren’t uncovered to the equal amount.And so i have a whole series of motion pictures on intravenous vitamin C for most cancers in case you’re interested by that;
I encourage humans to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—need to we be cooking cruciferous vegetables, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing uncooked kale in a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it bad for the thyroid to eat them uncooked? Oh, my God.We should consume cruciferous vegetables in whichever way receives us to devour the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner gets you to eat the maximum.In truth cruciferous greens are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a free app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I communicate approximately all the foods I inspire people to get and fit into their every day ordinary.So, you already know, vegetables each day are the healthies greens, beans every day, berries each day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You know, the first-class beverage, the nice sweeteners, how a good deal exercising to get—simply to form of encourage people to try and healthy some of the healthies of healthful ingredients into the food regimen.And one of these packing containers I encourage humans to tick off each day, you’re no longer going to in shape—you’re no longer going to check off the day unless you get some form of cruciferous vegetables, which is set a 1/2 cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, approximately a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, a lot of these top notch greens. And so essentially but you get them to your food regimen, the higher.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a splendid cross-to way to get vegetables on your breakfast.
And I type of smash a few white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to check the ones off. But, yeah, placed them in a smoothie, put them everywhere;so long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most crucial aspect.
Now you can overdo, I imply you can overdo uncooked cruciferous vegetables that have this so called goitrogenic compounds which can be discovered in lots of wholesome ingredients, now not handiest broccoli, however also flaxseeds and some of other wholesome things. But the option isn't to avoid those actually healthy foods;it’s just to get enough iodine because those goitrogenic compounds simply intrude with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re really marginally now not getting enough iodine, then consuming a whole lot of broccoli and cruciferous can absolutely affect your stages. So the answer, you simply make certain you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which much like dark inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the greater ways you may get them into your eating regimen, the better.There become this famous case in the New England Journal of Medicine, a lady who—I forget, it became like actually thousands of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she was on some loopy eating regimen, and actually did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… good enough, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire human beings, proper. And appearance, we’re speaking about ingredients with medicinal outcomes.I suggest we must anticipate like if you may consume as plenty—I suggest if there’s an unlimited quantity of some thing that you may be exposed to, in all likelihood doesn’t have a whole lot “uumph” to it, right?
But the reality that, appearance, no, a number of these meals may have effective outcomes on our biology, so no marvel that there’s a sure degree which you need to live through, however luckily they’re all easily through any kind of typical culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the purpose that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to do away with the phytates.So there was this notion, based on studies on puppies back within the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you can remove the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to cast off the phytates, and then you definately’d maximize your calcium absorption and other vital minerals. But we now know no longer simplest is that no longer the case, but phytates are truly healthy for you, without a doubt beneficial consequences of phytates, so we need to truly attempt to get as plenty phytates in our weight loss program as possible, and the way we do this is by way of ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage people to devour raw nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d rather not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End products, which are these glycotoxins associated with improved threat of kidney disorder and Alzheimer’s and improved getting older and all kinds of actually terrible things. And it’s shaped whilst excessive fat, excessive protein foods are uncovered to extremely high heat, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chicken, that kind of aspect—extremely excessive.
So if you study it, while plant meals have nearly nothing no matter what you do—I imply you could grill a bell pepper and you’re not going to provide a hassle, however there are rare plant ingredients which can be excessive within protein effects, along with nuts, along with soy. So we should virtually, preferably have to now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, not an amazing concept on a normal foundation due to these ages.So that’s why we simply shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, simply complete nuts are better because you really chew right down to little debris—no matter how nicely you chew, you typically best fracture right down to about 2 mm, that's 1000 instances larger than the particles found in nut butters.And the cause that’s essential is due to the fact the ones mobile walls and people little cubes, which contain masses of heaps of intact partitions, certainly guard all the vitamins inside from absorption on your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our intestine plant life.
So when we consume just acellular meals, powders like flour products, even if it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we devour 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or something, we’re getting all of the vitamins; they didn’t take away the fiber, but all the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small intestine, leaving very little for our intestine plant life at the cease.
Whereas if you eat whole intact grains or complete beans, then there may be simply those little clumps of food that’s leftover for our correct micro organism, and that improves our gut fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i really like it.Since so much of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein are we able to get remarkable assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral dealer communicate. Somebody should take a look at crop nutrient decline during the last 1/2 century, maybe 15%.So people trying to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, simply because they’re looking to promote you something.
We can really take a look at the stats; the USDA tracks vitamins in the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, adequate, as opposed to five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli in preference to a half century ago. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For those who say all people’s specific, so all of us require one of a kind diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole meals, plant-based diet help us stay longer, more healthy lives, anybody? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss plan and there’s a lemur food regimen.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get some loopy weight-reduction plan.
No, there’s a eating regimen that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We evolved for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our final superb ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the primary 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years in the past we ate what our fellow high-quality apes ate, which is basically veggies and fruit. We had been a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan, almost completely plant-based weight-reduction plan, and handiest inside the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we begin understanding how to make equipment and searching, etc.And so our biology is tuned to consuming entire food, plant primarily based—so no wonder that the same type of diet that reverses heart sickness, the number one killer of women and men, is the equal diet that also reverses diabetes, and the identical food regimen that reverses excessive blood strain.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes feel because, look, the anti-inflammatory food regimen is a food plan that enables your arteries anywhere all through your frame.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-based totally food plan should do, reverse the primary killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be kind of the default food plan until verified otherwise?
In truth that it could additionally prevent or reverse different main killers could appear to make the case for plant-based consuming certainly overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing sources with them.
So every so often it’s tough; humans positioned up their defenses while a person attempts—when every person comes to us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we consider, there’s simply this type of herbal response to sort of need to maintain on.That’s why sharing form of third-party assets:
“Here’s a splendid documentary, here’s a wonderful website, here’s a awesome e book,” and then they can kind of take it within on themselves, and then kind of the motivation comes from within rather than feeling a person’s attempting to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one in all my favored methods.And share great meals!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t rely how—will I live that long or simply feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s genuinely the nice of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, proper?
Wait a 2d. Tastes first-rate and you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based totally consuming is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t know my line. Where’s my cue card?