Author: Karen Lennox
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about food nutrition and dietetics. In this article we'll discuss food nutrition and dietetics.
Happy to be here.
i'm a medical doctor, that specialize in way of life remedy using weight loss program and exercise not most effective prevent disease, however to deal with and reverse it as properly.
And all of it sincerely is going back to my grandma. You recognise, I suppose the spark for many children to want to be a medical doctor once they develop up is looking a grandparent get sick or even die, but for me become looking my grandma get higher.She changed into diagnosed with stop stage coronary heart disease.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgeries, nothing greater the medical doctors should do. She changed into despatched home in a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard approximately this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one among our early way of life medication pioneers, and what took place next is virtually exact within Pritikin’s biography, to speak about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and she or he walked out a few weeks later.
She became on foot 10 miles a day, and though she turned into given her medical dying sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful weight loss plan was capable of enjoy every other 31 years on the planet to age 96, to keep to revel in her six grandkids consisting of me. So that’s why I went into medicinal drug.That’s why I practice the form of medicine I do, lifestyle remedy.
I just need to do to your family what Pritikin did for my circle of relatives.
Gianna That’s exquisite. First query:how a good deal fats and protein do we need daily?
What are the fine sources? And how a lot should athletes be eating?Well, you know, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You want Paleo junk food, we’ll give you vegan junk meals, we’ll provide you with fats loose junk meals, we’ll come up with… I imply any form of junk meals you want because it’s all approximately macro nutrients or it’s all about anything specific aspect, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, vitamin D” with all these items, and that gives us this sort of health halo, when within fact it need to all be approximately food. And the motive human beings don’t talk approximately food is there’s no cash to be made within meals.In reality, produce is going awful;
Can’t sit down at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't going to put an advert on tv for broccoli due to the fact, you recognize, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no money to be made.You’re by no means going to peer an ad on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no money to be made.
That’s now not where the profit is. The machine is set up to reward simply the unhealthiest however most worthwhile conduct.And so, I imply, in order that’s simply form of falling into the food industry’s trap to talk of form of this reductionist view of nutrients in place of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, right? I imply so fat, fats’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you can’t talk approximately it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to talk like that, but it virtually has to come back all the way down to is what are the healthiest ingredients? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you recognize what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fat in this USA.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the primary supply of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the number one source of calcium, however yes, there’s protein within pork, sure, there’s iron within pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as lots as Burger King says you may “have it your manner,” you can’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein but keep the saturated fats, maintain the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I realize, it’s a package— food is a package deal deal. So the issue approximately that, so in case you get your calcium from, you realize, darkish inexperienced leafy veggies alternatively, then it’s like, well, the bags is in reality an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things missing from type of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we assume within terms of meals. So if you inquire from me what are the pleasant meals that show up to have fat in them, well, it would be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s just—you simply get the bonus in preference to the baggage.In phrases of protein assets, all people who doesn’t understand a way to get protein on a plant-based totally diet doesn’t recognise beans, right?
Beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant kingdom. And then also some of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all forms of matters.So complete plant meals are the healthiest way to get nearly all your nutrients, and that’s truly, I think, how we must think about those macro nutrients.
Gianna Question quantity :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the form of alkaline water nonsense is just bogus, scam sort of stuff.
i have a video on Nutritionstats.org that goes into the technological know-how round that. Distilled water simply kind of seems a waste of power to me.I suggest it’s the identical issue with like, , sort of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s simply a completely form of wasteful manner. But you may eliminate some little trace minerals, but that’s now not genuinely the issue.I mean tap water is usually the cheapest, safest source of drinking water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride within it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride although?
It’s now not essential, however from a public fitness viewpoint—rich people can go to the dentist and come up with the money for all sorts of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their teeth—however from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s how you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental problem, no huge deal, go to the dentist, right? But if they have a dental hassle, they may lose their enamel, because of this dropping a lot of their nutrients or being within continual ache.And definitely from a public health point of view fluoridated water is—in fact, in step with the Center for Disease Control, one of the finest public health improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question quantity three: are there any suggestions or special tips for girls who pick out to devour a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan whilst pregnant, and who also pick to elevate children plant based totally after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re eating for two it’s simply that much more critical to get all the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all of the equal advice you’d provide to all of us ingesting a wholesome food regimen, ingesting a plant-based weight loss program.
Critically vital: vitamin B12.So there’s vitamins that aren’t made by way of flora.
One’s nutrition D, that's made by using animals consisting of yourself whilst you walk outdoor; it’s the sunshine diet.And the opposite one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by way of flowers, not made by animals both; made via little microbes that blanket the earth.So, you know, we could get all the B12 we wanted consuming properly water or out of a mountain or something a long term in the past, however now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a variety of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get quite a few cholera either. It’s an excellent component that we live within a pleasing sanitary global, but due to that we need to get a normal reliable supply of B12.Critically essential, specifically for pregnant girls, however for all of us.
During pregnancy iodine’s essential, a mineral frequently missing from prenatal vitamins, so it’s essential, in case you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we enhance our youngsters healthful?I say sure, indeed, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician within human history, Benjamin Spock, in the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the nice-selling books ever, 2d most effective to the Bible perhaps on this United States of America.
Where within his final version he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, advocated all kids be raised with zero publicity to meat and dairy, and he did that because he may want to see what the grandparents were loss of life from and spot this burgeoning youth obesity epidemic. So simply we ought to increase our kids inside the healthiest possible way.That manner no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That means having them placed on seat belts, smoke alarms within the home, and an entire food, plant-based totally food plan—truly simple, simple. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reliable position paper says strictly plant-based diets are suitable for all ranges of the way of life, inclusive of being pregnant and infancy and on thru old age.So absolutely, we must all be raising wholesome youngsters, and actually, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e-book on raising vegan children;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or two matters about it. Gianna adequate, variety four:please assist give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why each women and men need now not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All varieties of nuttiness out on the internet.If you examine the science, even though, it’s in reality just form of a terrific scientific consensus within phrases of human beings.
I mean, the laboratory animal experiences, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or distinct traces of mice have extraordinary consequences. When we subsequently had human facts, so as an example breast cancer, you can see worries at the net about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise till 2004, the primary research that definitely put it to the test and in fact accompanied breast most cancers survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, simply to peer who lived longer, who had less breast cancer recurrence. And in that study and within all of five stories executed to date, every unmarried one located that girls with breast cancer, whether estrogen receptor tremendous or terrible, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or now not—all always extra survival;put them all collectively, more survival, lower cancer recurrence price.
And so we’ve regarded that eating soy, particularly all through formative years, can lessen the chance of having breast most cancers in the first place, but now we comprehend it’s related to stepped forward survival as properly. So wait a second.How is that possible while it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t apprehend. There’s virtually two sorts of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted story:alpha, beta—so basically your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a extraordinary sort of estrogen receptors. So it subjects, the consequences of soy on the body matters on the ratio of these special receptors and specific organs of the frame.And so it virtually has seasoned-estrogen effects in which you want it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It simply reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, for example, in studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic outcomes wherein you want it, as an example within the breast, decreasing breast most cancers risk and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a fancy term for essentially the pleasant of all worlds.
So it reduces warm flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer threat. And so that you don’t have to devour it;all the legumes are wholesome, and i encourage people to consume entire soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you may get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it to your salad, a extraordinary choice. Tempeh, miso, these are all entire soy ingredients, in addition to a number of the greater processed stuff.And so that you look inside the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve got heaps of films about it. So yeah, you just don’t agree with the craziness you examine on the internet.Gianna And just for the males accessible which can be involved that they may develop breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports in literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But via excessive soy—they were literally ingesting gallons of soy milk an afternoon, so I forget about… I think some humans, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that level you can actually get enough alpha receptor interest to certainly have pro-estrogenic outcomes. So the answer is not to avoid soy, however not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it might be wholesome. So soy consumption in guys is associated with decrease prostate cancer hazard, which is the number one most cancers killer particular to guys.Gianna ok, question variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So ingesting an anti-inflammatory weight-reduction plan, no marvel, can be one of the fine nutritional treatments for inflammatory diseases in general, such as automobile-immune disease.So as an instance, a couple of sclerosis, that is an vehicle-immune disease where your frame attacks your own nerves, the single satisfactory recorded intervention—scientific, surgical, some thing, no capsules—have ever beaten out a plant-based totally weight-reduction plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight-reduction plan, so the best. So it’s now not simply more secure, less expensive.No, the best remedy ever posted in the peer reviewed clinical scientific literature, a plant-primarily based food plan.
Chron’s ailment, same issue. A poll out of Japan the use of a plant-primarily based food plan, a number of the fine relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an automobile-immune inflammatory bowel disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speakme approximately goal measures together with grip energy and inflammatory markers inside the blood circulate or simply in phrases of best of life for humans suffering from these diseases. Auto-immune ailment, we just don’t have lots of properly records for.We have statistics, so the Adventist 2 study determined that folks that consume strictly plant-based totally diets have the highest shares of what’s known as euthyroid thyroid, that means ordinary thyroid function, and so it may prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s in no way been any study that really positioned plant-primarily based diets to the test in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, except we’re talking approximately some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other varieties of inflammatory diseases that we don’t have records for, but it would make sense if it really works for most of these different automobile-immune diseases, it really works for those other inflammatory illnesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen could have this effect.And a part of that anti-inflammatory power is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might assume fiber?We suppose like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply kind of an inert substance. Not in any respect.We can’t digest fiber, but our true gut micro organism can.
We have trillions of micro organism in our intestine. And we used to suppose that was simply intestine health, however now we understand that our microbiome, our pleasant flora down in our colon surely will have consequences on our immune system, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They consume prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch discovered within abundance in handiest one place: whole plant foods, and a number of these compounds have anti-inflammatory effects.They’re destroy down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your gadget and circulated throughout your frame. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on nutrients and supplements, vegan primarily based, either taken orally or intravenously like vitamin C drips? Well, truely diet B12 is severely vital for all of us eating a healthy weight loss plan, so I’d advise 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that is the cheapest supply.Once every week is all you want.
Costs less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, but significantly essential from a normal reliable source.If you’re no longer getting enough solar… Now, if you’re mild skinned sufficient and younger sufficient and thin sufficient and stay at a latitude that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t count how sunny it's far in case you’re stuck at a desk task all day, no longer getting outside, wherein case you’d want to complement your food plan with diet D, the light vitamin. I advocate 2,000 global devices of vitamin D3 a day.So, I imply intravenous diet C has been used as a most cancers treatment, going again to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It changed into in view that—interesting—type of debunked by way of Mayo Clinic, wherein they gave humans a whole bunch of diet C; didn’t see the form of unbelievable results that were at the beginning visible, however they had been using oral nutrition C.We used to assume, nicely, oral diet C is the same as intravenous diet C, but no, our body really clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t rely both manner, you’ll take in all of it. But once your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of diet C—which is ready five servings of culmination and greens well worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a bit an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, in order that they surely weren’t exposed to the identical amount.And so i've a whole shows of videos on intravenous nutrition C for most cancers in case you’re interested in that;
I encourage people to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favourite—ought to we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is mixing raw kale within a smoothie powerful sufficient, and is it terrible for the thyroid to devour them uncooked? Oh, my God.We ought to consume cruciferous vegetables within whichever manner receives us to consume the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat raw broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way will get you to devour the most.In truth cruciferous veggies are certainly one of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak approximately all the foods I encourage people to get and match into their day by day ordinary.So, you know, veggies every day are the healthies vegetables, beans each day, berries every day are the healthiest culmination.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, 1 / 4 teaspoon of ground turmeric. You realize, the pleasant beverage, the great sweeteners, how a lot exercising to get—just to form of inspire human beings to try to in shape some of the healthies of healthy ingredients into the food plan.And one of these containers I encourage people to tick off each day, you’re not going to suit—you’re now not going to check off the day until you get a few form of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a half cup of cooked cruciferous veggies, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, these types of first rate greens. And so basically but you get them for your weight-reduction plan, the better.During the summertime, inexperienced smoothies are a notable pass-to way to get veggies in your breakfast.
And I sort of wreck some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to test those off. But, yeah, put them within a smoothie, positioned them everywhere;as long as you’re getting vegetables, that’s the most critical thing.
Now you could overdo, I mean you may overdo uncooked cruciferous vegetables which have this so known as goitrogenic compounds that are determined in lots of wholesome ingredients, not most effective broccoli, but additionally flaxseeds and some of different wholesome matters. But the reply is not to keep away from those genuinely wholesome ingredients;it’s simply to get enough iodine because these goitrogenic compounds simply intrude with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So in case you’re actually marginally not getting sufficient iodine, then ingesting quite a few broccoli and cruciferous can surely have an effect on your tiers. So the reply, you simply ensure you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea vegetables, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which similar to dark green leafies as a snack.
Ah! I suggest the greater methods you could get them into your eating regimen, the higher.There become this famous case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a female who—I forget, it was like literally heaps of pounds of uncooked bok choy, she was on some crazy weight loss plan, and in fact did run into thyroid issues, so 1000 pounds… good enough, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I inspire people, proper. And look, we’re speakme about meals with medicinal effects.I mean we ought to assume like if you could devour as a great deal—I mean if there’s an infinite quantity of some thing that you could be uncovered to, likely doesn’t have a lot “uumph” to it, right?
But the fact that, appearance, no, a number of those foods may have powerful results on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a sure level that you want to live through, however fortunately they’re all without difficulty within any form of ordinary culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, a part of the purpose that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to cast off the phytates.So there has been this idea, based totally on experiences on dogs returned inside the ‘50s, that phytates have been mineral inhibitors.
And so the way you may dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts otherwise you sprout nuts to eliminate the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different vital minerals. But we now know no longer only is that not the case, however phytates are surely healthful for you, truly beneficial outcomes of phytates, so we need to simply try and get as a whole lot phytates in our food plan as possible, and the manner we do that is via ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, ingesting our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to devour uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d alternatively no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, that are these glycotoxins related to increased risk of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and expanded growing old and every kind of really terrible things. And it’s shaped when high fats, high protein ingredients are uncovered to extremely high warmness, dry heat.And so almost all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm puppies, so barbequed, grilling, grilled chook, that form of issue—extremely high.
So in case you look at it, while plant foods have nearly nothing irrespective of what you do—I imply you may grill a bell pepper and you’re now not going to offer a problem, however there are rare plant ingredients which are high in protein results, including nuts, which includes soy. So we ought to honestly, ideally must now not—like Cajun blackened tofu, now not a very good idea on a normal foundation due to those ages.So that’s why we without a doubt shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, in reality whole nuts are higher because you in reality bite down to little debris—no matter how well you chew, you generally only fracture all the way down to approximately 2 mm, that's a thousand instances larger than the debris discovered in nut butters.And the cause that’s important is due to the fact those cellular partitions and people little cubes, which include hundreds of hundreds of intact partitions, virtually shield all the nutrients inside from absorption for your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine plant life.
So whilst we consume simply acellular foods, powders like flour products, although it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we eat 100% complete wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the nutrients; they didn’t remove the fiber, however all of the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small gut, leaving very little for our gut plants on the quit.
Whereas if you devour complete intact grains or entire beans, then there's truly these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our proper bacteria, and that improves our gut health and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein can we get notable resources of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral vendor speak. Somebody should study crop nutrient decline over the last half century, perhaps 15%.So humans trying to sell you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, simply because they’re looking to sell you something.
We can simply have a look at the statistics; the USDA tracks nutrients inside the soil going lower back for a century:15% decrement.
So meaning, ok, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli as opposed to a half of century in the past. Fine, eat six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For people who say every person’s unique, so all of us require exceptional diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does an entire food, plant-based weight-reduction plan help us stay longer, healthier lives, anybody? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight-reduction plan and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get a few crazy eating regimen.
No, there’s a food plan that’s certainly tuned to our biology. We developed for tens of millions of years.So we broke from our ultimate brilliant ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until about 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow top notch apes ate, which is basically greens and fruit. We had been a plant-based totally weight loss program, almost solely plant-based totally diet, and most effective within the ultimate 10% of our evolution did we start understanding how to make gear and searching, and so forth.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting complete food, plant primarily based—so no surprise that the identical form of weight loss plan that reverses coronary heart ailment, the primary killer of women and men, is the equal diet that also reverses diabetes, and the identical eating regimen that reverses high blood pressure.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel due to the fact, appearance, the anti-inflammatory food plan is a eating regimen that enables your arteries everywhere in the course of your body.I imply, look, if that’s all a plant-based food regimen may want to do, opposite the number one killer of ladies and men, shouldn’t that be sort of the default weight loss program until confirmed otherwise?
In truth that it could additionally prevent or reverse other main killers would appear to make the case for plant-primarily based eating actually overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing resources with them.
So from time to time it’s tough; humans positioned up their defenses when someone attempts—whilst all of us comes to us with some new idea that conflicts with what we agree with, there’s simply this type of natural reaction to form of need to preserve on.That’s why sharing sort of third-celebration sources:
“Here’s a remarkable documentary, here’s a extraordinary website, right here’s a notable e-book,” and then they could kind of take it within on themselves, after which kind of the incentive comes from through in place of feeling a person’s trying to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one among my favorite ways.And percentage amazing food!
They have this sense that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t depend how—will I stay that long or just experience like I lived that lengthy? But no, it’s certainly the exceptional of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a second. Tastes fantastic and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-primarily based eating is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning in, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t understand my line. Where’s my cue card?