Author: Marko Balašević
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about my protein works. In this article we'll discuss my protein works.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a medical doctor, specializing in lifestyle medication the usage of weight-reduction plan and workout not simplest save you sickness, however to treat and opposite it as nicely.
And it all absolutely is going lower back to my grandma. You recognize, I think the spark for plenty kids to need to be a medical doctor when they grow up is watching a grandparent get sick or maybe die, however for me turned into looking my grandma get higher.She was recognized with end degree coronary heart sickness.
Already had such a lot of bypass surgeries, not anything more the docs could do. She became sent domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest ache.
But then she heard about this guy, Nathan Pritikin, one among our early lifestyle medication pioneers, and what came about next is surely specified within Pritikin’s biography, to talk about Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her within, and he or she walked out a few weeks later.
She changed into walking 10 miles a day, and though she changed into given her clinical demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthy weight loss program became able to enjoy every other 31 years in the world to age 96, to keep to enjoy her six grandkids which includes me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I exercise the form of medicine I do, lifestyle medicine.
I simply want to do to your family what Pritikin did for my own family.
Gianna That’s tremendous. First question:how a lot fat and protein do we want each day?
What are the pleasant assets? And how a lot must athletes be eating?Well, you understand, we don’t devour macro nutrients;
we don’t consume micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll provide you with vegan junk food, we’ll come up with fat loose junk food, we’ll come up with… I mean any type of junk meals you need because it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all about anything unique thing, proper?
On Fruit Loops, they can say, “with fiber, diet D” with all these things, and that offers us this sort of health halo, whilst within reality it must all be about meals. And the cause human beings don’t speak approximately food is there’s no money to be made in meals.In truth, offer goes awful;
Can’t sit at the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And appearance, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to put an advert on tv for broccoli because, you understand, they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s just no money to be made.You’re never going to look an advert on tv for candy potatoes due to the fact there’s simply no cash to be made.
That’s no longer wherein the income is. The device is set up to praise simply the unhealthiest but most worthwhile behavior.And so, I mean, in order that’s just type of falling into the meals enterprise’s trap to talk of type of this reductionist view of vitamins in preference to meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re both carbs, right? I imply so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t talk about it.
That’s why the enterprise needs you to talk like that, however it without a doubt has to come back down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium in dairy.” Yeah, you already know what else is in dairy?It’s the primary supply of saturated fat on this country.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the primary supply of saturated fats is dairy, sure, the primary supply of calcium, but yes, there’s protein within beef, yes, there’s iron in pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I mean as an awful lot as Burger King says you could “have it your way,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein but maintain the saturated fat, hold the hormones, preserve the ldl cholesterol.” I recognise, it’s a bundle— meals is a bundle deal. So the factor about that, so in case you get your calcium from, you realize, dark green leafy greens rather, then it’s like, nicely, the bags is genuinely a bonus.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these items lacking from kind of the dairy source.
So that’s how we think in phrases of meals. So if you inquire from me what are the quality meals that happen to have fats within them, properly, it'd be nuts, seeds, avocados, because then it’s just—you just get the bonus rather than the bags.In terms of protein sources, each person who doesn’t recognise a way to get protein on a plant-based totally weight loss plan doesn’t understand beans, right?
Beans, break up peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant nation. And then additionally a number of the whole grains, nuts and seeds and all types of things.So complete plant ingredients are the healthiest manner to get almost all your vitamins, and that’s honestly, I suppose, how we ought to reflect onconsideration on those macro nutrients.
Gianna Question range :What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the sort of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, scam type of stuff.
i've a video on NutritionFacts.org that is going into the technology around that. Distilled water just type of appears a waste of power to me.I suggest it’s the equal issue with like, you understand, type of opposite osmosis distillation;
it’s just a completely type of wasteful technique. But you may eliminate a few little hint minerals, but that’s not simply the difficulty.I mean tap water is commonly the most inexpensive, most secure source of ingesting water.
Gianna What approximately fluoride in it? Fluoride is the purpose why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our tooth.Gianna Should we be eating fluoride though?
It’s not necessary, but from a public fitness point of view—wealthy human beings can go to the dentist and have enough money all varieties of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for their tooth—however from a public health scale, I imply that’s how you attain impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental hassle, no massive deal, visit the dentist, proper? But if they have a dental trouble, they could lose their teeth, this means that dropping a whole lot of their nutrients or being in persistent pain.And truely from a public health perspective fluoridated water is—within truth, consistent with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness improvements over the last century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any tips or unique guidelines for girls who select to consume a plant-based food regimen while pregnant, and who additionally select to raise kids plant based after the breast milk stage if over?When you’re ingesting for 2 it’s just that much more important to get all of the nutrition you need, and so it’s essentially all of the same recommendation you’d give to anyone eating a wholesome weight loss program, ingesting a plant-based totally food plan.
Critically important: vitamin B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by way of plant life.
One’s vitamin D, which is made by animals consisting of your self while you stroll outdoor; it’s the light nutrition.And the other one’s nutrition B12.
Not made with the aid of vegetation, no longer made by means of animals either; made by way of little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we may want to get all the B12 we needed ingesting nicely water or out of a mountain or some thing a long time ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any bacteria, so we don’t have a whole lot of B12 within our water any extra.
Don’t get a number of cholera both. It’s a good issue that we live within a nice sanitary international, however because of that we want to get a ordinary dependable source of B12.Critically vital, mainly for pregnant girls, however for anyone.
During pregnancy iodine’s critical, a mineral frequently lacking from prenatal nutrients, so it’s essential, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make sure it has iodine. Recommended each day allowance is 150 micrograms an afternoon.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we enhance our children wholesome?I say sure, indeed, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, within the 7th version of Child and Baby Care, that is like one of the excellent-promoting books ever, 2nd most effective to the Bible possibly in this USA.
Where in his remaining edition he wrote, within his 90s earlier than he died, encouraged all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he could see what the grandparents have been demise from and notice this burgeoning youth weight problems epidemic. So genuinely we have to boost our children in the healthiest viable way.That means now not having them smoke cigarettes.
That manner having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the home, and an entire food, plant-based food regimen—virtually primary, easy. And even the ADA, nicely, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their legitimate function paper says strictly plant-primarily based diets are suitable for all levels of the life-style, which includes pregnancy and infancy and on via antique age.So truly, we should all be raising healthy children, and in fact, Scott Stoll is currently writing a e-book on raising vegan youngsters;
he’s were given six, so he knows one or things approximately it. Gianna good enough, wide variety four:please help explain soy and hormones, and why each women and men need not worry it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All sorts of nuttiness out at the net.If you look at the technology, although, it’s truely just sort of a splendid medical consensus within phrases of human beings.
I suggest, the laboratory animal reviews, it depends if you’re a hamster or a rat, or extraordinary lines of mice have exclusive results. When we subsequently had human statistics, so as an instance breast most cancers, you can see concerns on the net approximately, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t know till 2004, the first statistic that surely positioned it to the take a look at and in reality observed breast cancer survivors, some that ate soy and some that didn’t, just to see who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And in that statistic and within all of five experiences achieved to date, every single one observed that ladies with breast most cancers, whether estrogen receptor nice or terrible, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or now not—all continuously extra survival;placed them all together, extra survival, lower most cancers recurrence charge.
And so we’ve recognised that ingesting soy, specifically all through youth, can reduce the danger of having breast cancer within the first location, but now we comprehend it’s related to improved survival as properly. So wait a second.How is that viable while it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t recognize. There’s sincerely two varieties of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a long story:alpha, beta—so essentially your own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a distinct sort of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the results of soy at the frame subjects on the ratio of these exceptional receptors and different organs of the body.And so it without a doubt has seasoned-estrogen effects in which you need it, like within the bones, skeleton.
It actually reduces bone loss compared to dairy milk, for example, within studies of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic results wherein you want it, as an instance within the breast, lowering breast cancer danger and improving breast most cancers survival.So it’s what’s referred to as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a elaborate term for essentially the exceptional of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, pro-estrogenic impact, reduces breast cancer hazard. And so you don’t should devour it;all the legumes are healthful, and that i inspire human beings to eat whole soy resources like edamame, immature green soybeans;
you can get frozen luggage of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a outstanding preference. Tempeh, miso, these are all entire soy ingredients, in addition to some of the more processed stuff.And so you appearance in the medical literature, it’s clear.
We’ve got heaps of movies approximately it. So yeah, you simply don’t accept as true with the craziness you examine on the net.Gianna And only for the males obtainable which are involved that they could develop breasts or something like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reports within literature of gynecomastia with immoderate soy consumption.
But via immoderate soy—they were literally ingesting gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I suppose some humans, like 40 servings of soy a day, and at that degree you may absolutely get sufficient alpha receptor interest to virtually have seasoned-estrogenic consequences. So the reply is not to keep away from soy, however now not drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and actually it would be wholesome. So soy consumption in men is related to lower prostate cancer chance, which is the number one most cancers killer particular to guys.Gianna good enough, query variety five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory eating regimen, no marvel, may be one of the high-quality nutritional treatments for inflammatory sicknesses within standard, including vehicle-immune disorder.So for instance, more than one sclerosis, which is an car-immune disorder in which your body attacks your very own nerves, the single quality recorded intervention—clinical, surgical, whatever, no capsules—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-based weight-reduction plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS weight loss plan, so the most effective. So it’s no longer just more secure, cheaper.No, the most effective treatment ever published inside the peer reviewed scientific scientific literature, a plant-primarily based food regimen.
Chron’s sickness, same thing. A study out of Japan the usage of a plant-based food plan, some of the best relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s sickness is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most effective interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether we’re talking approximately objective measures inclusive of grip energy and inflammatory markers in the blood movement or just within terms of quality of existence for humans suffering from those diseases. Auto-immune disorder, we just don’t have a lot of correct statistics for.We have data, so the Adventist 2 study located that folks who devour strictly plant-based totally diets have the best rates of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, that means ordinary thyroid characteristic, and so it could prevent thyroid problems.
But there’s never been any poll that really positioned plant-based totally diets to the check in phrases of treating thyroid disfunction, until we’re speaking about some thing like iodine deficiency. There’s other forms of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have insights for, however it might make feel if it really works for all these other car-immune sicknesses, it works for these different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti-inflammatory eating regimen might have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who might think fiber?We think like bowel health or some thing.
It’s just sort of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, but our excellent gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of bacteria in our intestine. And we used to think that was just intestine fitness, however now we realize that our microbiome, our pleasant vegetation down in our colon sincerely could have outcomes on our immune device, even our psychological fitness.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch located within abundance within best one vicinity: entire plant ingredients, and a number of these compounds have anti inflammatory outcomes.They’re destroy down merchandise of fiber;
they get absorbed into your device and circulated in the course of your body. So that’s one of the reasons why plant-based diets are so anti inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan primarily based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, absolutely diet B12 is severely critical for every body ingesting a wholesome diet, so I’d advise 2500 micrograms of what’s called cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive source.Once a week is all you want.
Costs much less than $5 a 12 months. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, however severely vital from a regular reliable source.If you’re now not getting sufficient sun… Now, in case you’re mild skinned enough and younger sufficient and thin sufficient and live at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 mins of mid-day solar, you’ll get all of the vitamin D you need.
But it doesn’t rely how sunny it's far if you’re caught at a table job all day, now not getting outside, wherein case you’d need to supplement your weight-reduction plan with vitamin D, the sunshine nutrition. I suggest 2,000 global devices of nutrition D3 a day.So, I suggest intravenous diet C has been used as a cancer remedy, going back to the Nineteen Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It changed into due to the fact—exciting—kind of debunked by using Mayo Clinic, where they gave human beings a whole bunch of nutrition C; didn’t see the type of magnificent outcomes that have been at the start visible, but they were using oral diet C.We used to think, nicely, oral nutrition C is the same as intravenous vitamin C, but no, our frame simply clamps down on vitamin C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t remember both manner, you’ll take in all of it. But once your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of vitamin C—which is ready five servings of end result and veggies well worth—your frame starts clamping “that’s a touch too much.” Your body starts clamping down on absorption, in order that they truly weren’t uncovered to the same quantity.And so i've a whole series of videos on intravenous vitamin C for cancer if you’re interested in that;
I inspire humans to test it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favored—should we be cooking cruciferous veggies, like steaming broccoli, or is blending uncooked kale in a smoothie effective sufficient, and is it awful for the thyroid to devour them raw? Oh, my God.We have to devour cruciferous veggies in whichever manner receives us to eat the most of them.
You like raw broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever way will get you to devour the most.In fact cruciferous vegetables are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a loose app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I talk about all of the meals I encourage people to get and in shape into their every day recurring.So, you realize, vegetables every day are the healthies veggies, beans every day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of ground flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of floor turmeric. You recognize, the nice beverage, the best sweeteners, how tons workout to get—just to sort of encourage humans to attempt to in shape a number of the healthies of wholesome meals into the weight loss program.And one of those packing containers I encourage people to tick off every day, you’re not going to suit—you’re not going to test off the day except you get some form of cruciferous vegetables, which is about a half cup of cooked cruciferous greens, about a cup of uncooked.
And so that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard vegetables, these types of great vegetables. And so basically however you get them to your food plan, the higher.During the summertime, green smoothies are a outstanding move-to way to get vegetables on your breakfast.
And I sort of break some white beans in my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to test those off. But, yeah, positioned them within a smoothie, positioned them anywhere;as long as you’re getting veggies, that’s the maximum essential element.
Now you can overdo, I mean you could overdo raw cruciferous vegetables which have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds which are observed in plenty of wholesome foods, now not best broccoli, but also flaxseeds and a number of other wholesome things. But the option isn't always to avoid those simply healthy ingredients;it’s just to get sufficient iodine due to the fact these goitrogenic compounds just intervene with the uptake of iodine, that's the thyroid gland.
So if you’re virtually marginally no longer getting sufficient iodine, then eating loads of broccoli and cruciferous can truely have an effect on your levels. So the option, you just make sure you’re getting a supply of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so you like munch on the ones seaweed snacks, and then much like darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I imply the more ways you may get them into your food regimen, the better.There become this well-known case inside the New England Journal of Medicine, a girl who—I overlook, it changed into like actually lots of kilos of raw bok choy, she become on some loopy eating regimen, and actually did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 kilos… good enough, however… Gianna It’s just like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And look, we’re speaking about foods with medicinal effects.I suggest we need to count on like if you could consume as a good deal—I mean if there’s an unlimited quantity of something that you can be uncovered to, probable doesn’t have a good deal “uumph” to it, proper?
But the reality that, appearance, no, some of those foods will have effective outcomes on our biology, so no wonder that there’s a positive stage that you need to stay through, however luckily they’re all easily through any sort of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans higher for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the cause that human beings soak or sprout nuts is to dispose of the phytates.So there was this idea, based on studies on dogs lower back in the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may dispose of the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to do away with the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and different important minerals. But we now know no longer simplest is that now not the case, but phytates are definitely healthy for you, certainly useful outcomes of phytates, so we must actually attempt to get as an awful lot phytates within our diet as feasible, and the manner we do that is by using eating our nuts un-sprouted, eating our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I encourage humans to consume uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d instead no longer roast them is because of the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, which can be these glycotoxins related to extended chance of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and expanded growing old and all kinds of really horrific matters. And it’s formed while excessive fats, excessive protein ingredients are uncovered to extremely high warmness, dry warmth.And so almost all AGE publicity is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled fowl, that kind of component—extraordinarily high.
So if you examine it, whereas plant foods have nearly not anything no matter what you do—I mean you may grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to deliver a trouble, but there are rare plant meals which are excessive in protein outcomes, including nuts, which includes soy. So we should clearly, ideally need to not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer an awesome idea on a normal basis due to those a long time.So that’s why we absolutely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, surely complete nuts are better due to the fact you in reality chew right down to little debris—regardless of how nicely you bite, you typically simplest fracture right down to approximately 2 mm, that is 1000 instances large than the particles observed in nut butters.And the cause that’s important is due to the fact the ones cell partitions and people little cubes, which contain masses of thousands of intact partitions, definitely defend all of the nutrients inner from absorption in your small gut, and that creates a bounty for our gut plants.
So whilst we eat just acellular ingredients, powders like flour merchandise, even supposing it’s 100% entire wheat flour—so if we consume 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all the vitamins; they didn’t do away with the fiber, however all of the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed inside the small intestine, leaving little or no for our intestine plant life on the quit.
Whereas if you devour whole intact grains or complete beans, then there may be honestly these little clumps of food that’s leftover for our proper bacteria, and that improves our intestine fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, wherein can we get exceptional assets of minerals?
So that’s some scammy hint mineral vendor speak. Somebody must study crop nutrient decline over the last half century, perhaps 15%.So people looking to promote you mineral supplements will make this, will say, oh, our vegetation are depleted, just due to the fact they’re seeking to promote you something.
We can virtually take a look at the statistics; the USDA tracks nutrients within the soil going back for a century:15% decrement.
So that means, ok, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you have to consume six florets of broccoli as opposed to a half of century in the past. Fine, devour six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral supplements.
Gianna good enough. Number ten: For folks who say absolutely everyone’s extraordinary, so all of us require specific diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your recommendation on this, and does a whole food, plant-based totally food regimen assist us stay longer, more healthy lives, everyone? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla weight loss program and there’s a lemur food plan.It’s no longer like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so you get a few loopy diet.
No, there’s a food plan that’s evidently tuned to our biology. We developed for thousands and thousands of years.So we broke from our remaining high-quality ape ancestors about 20 million years ago.
So for the first 90% of our evolution until approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow awesome apes ate, which is essentially greens and fruit. We had been a plant-primarily based diet, nearly exclusively plant-based food regimen, and simplest inside the closing 10% of our evolution did we start knowing a way to make tools and hunting, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to ingesting whole food, plant based totally—so no wonder that the same form of food plan that reverses heart sickness, the number one killer of women and men, is the same eating regimen that also reverses diabetes, and the equal eating regimen that reverses high blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And all of it makes feel because, appearance, the anti-inflammatory eating regimen is a weight-reduction plan that helps your arteries everywhere at some point of your frame.I suggest, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based totally diet ought to do, reverse the number one killer of women and men, shouldn’t that be type of the default eating regimen until validated otherwise?
In truth that it may additionally prevent or reverse different leading killers could seem to make the case for plant-based eating truely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus query.Bonus!
What do ya’ were given?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I suppose sharing assets with them.
So sometimes it’s tough; people positioned up their defenses when someone attempts—while all and sundry comes to us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s simply this sort of natural reaction to type of need to preserve on.That’s why sharing type of third-birthday party resources:
“Here’s a terrific documentary, here’s a extraordinary internet site, right here’s a superb book,” and then they are able to kind of take it in on themselves, and then sort of the motivation comes from through instead of feeling a person’s trying to tell them to do something. So that’s one of my favourite methods.And share outstanding meals!
They have this feel that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t matter how—will I stay that long or simply experience like I lived that long? But no, it’s really the first-class of each worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2d. Tastes high-quality and you get to live longer?That’s what plant-primarily based eating is all approximately Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to mention, “ .” I didn’t know my line. Where’s my cue card?