Author: Mark Velov
Time for reading: ~27
minutes
Last Updated:
August 08, 2022
Learn more information about simple carbs. In this article we'll discuss simple carbs.
Happy to be right here.
i'm a doctor, specializing in life-style medication using food plan and workout not simplest save you ailment, however to treat and opposite it as well.
And all of it really is going back to my grandma. You realize, I think the spark for many children to want to be a medical doctor when they develop up is looking a grandparent get unwell or maybe die, however for me turned into watching my grandma get higher.She became recognized with give up level coronary heart disorder.
Already had such a lot of pass surgeries, not anything more the docs ought to do. She turned into despatched domestic within a wheel chair to die.Crushing chest pain.
But then she heard about this man, Nathan Pritikin, considered one of our early way of life medicine pioneers, and what befell next is surely unique within Pritikin’s biography, to talk approximately Frances , my grandma.They wheeled her in, and he or she walked out some weeks later.
She was taking walks 10 miles a day, and though she was given her scientific demise sentence at age 65, thanks to a healthful food plan become capable of enjoy every other 31 years on earth to age 96, to hold to experience her six grandkids along with me. So that’s why I went into medication.That’s why I exercise the kind of medication I do, life-style medication.
I simply want to do on your own family what Pritikin did for my family.
Gianna That’s first-rate. First query:how lots fat and protein do we want daily?
What are the excellent sources? And how a great deal have to athletes be consuming?Well, you already know, we don’t devour macro vitamins;
we don’t devour micro vitamins.You need Paleo junk food, we’ll come up with vegan junk meals, we’ll come up with fat unfastened junk food, we’ll give you… I mean any kind of junk food you want as it’s all about macro vitamins or it’s all approximately anything specific aspect, right?
On Fruit Loops, they could say, “with fiber, nutrition D” with all these things, and that offers us this form of health halo, when in reality it have to all be approximately meals. And the motive people don’t talk approximately food is there’s no money to be made within meals.In truth, offer is going terrible;
Can’t take a seat on the shelf like a Twinkie for a pair weeks.
And look, even a broccoli grower isn't always going to place an advert on television for broccoli because, , they’ll just purchase a competitor’s broccoli. There’s simply no cash to be made.You’re in no way going to look an ad on television for candy potatoes because there’s just no money to be made.
That’s no longer wherein the income is. The machine is installation to praise just the unhealthiest but most worthwhile behavior.And so, I mean, in order that’s just kind of falling into the meals industry’s entice to talk of type of this reductionist view of vitamins instead of meals.
Like What’s The Best Food, Right?
Well, carbs are jelly beans or kidney beans, lentils or lollipops.
They’re each carbs, proper? I suggest so fats, fat’s walnuts or lard, right?So that’s why you could’t speak approximately it.
That’s why the enterprise wants you to speak like that, however it actually has to return right down to is what are the healthiest foods? So like, look, the dairy enterprise can say “the calcium within dairy.” Yeah, you know what else is in dairy?It’s the number one supply of saturated fat on this us of a.
People assume like steak or some thing. No, the primary source of saturated fat is dairy, sure, the primary supply of calcium, but sure, there’s protein in red meat, sure, there’s iron within pork, proper?
But What About The Baggage That Comes Along With All Those Nutrients?
I suggest as plenty as Burger King says you can “have it your manner,” you could’t be like, “Yeah, can i am getting the protein however maintain the saturated fats, maintain the hormones, hold the ldl cholesterol.” I understand, it’s a bundle— meals is a package deal. So the factor approximately that, so if you get your calcium from, you recognize, darkish inexperienced leafy vegetables as a substitute, then it’s like, nicely, the baggage is truely an advantage.You get the fiber and the folate and the iron and the antioxidants—all these things lacking from form of the dairy supply.
So that’s how we suppose within terms of meals. So if you ask me what are the excellent foods that manifest to have fats in them, properly, it might be nuts, seeds, avocados, due to the fact then it’s simply—you just get the bonus in place of the baggage.In terms of protein assets, anybody who doesn’t recognize the way to get protein on a plant-based eating regimen doesn’t know beans, right?
Beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, legumes—the protein superstars of the plant state. And then also a number of the complete grains, nuts and seeds and all styles of matters.So entire plant foods are the healthiest manner to get nearly all your vitamins, and that’s simply, I assume, how we must reflect onconsideration on the ones macro vitamins.
Gianna Question range two:What Are Your Thoughts On Alkaline And Distilled Water, And Which Is Best For Athletes?
Most of the type of alkaline water nonsense is simply bogus, rip-off form of stuff.
i have a video on NutritionFacts.org that goes into the technology around that. Distilled water just sort of appears a waste of strength to me.I imply it’s the identical aspect with like, you know, kind of reverse osmosis distillation;
it’s just a completely kind of wasteful procedure. But you could eliminate some little trace minerals, but that’s not sincerely the issue.I imply tap water is commonly the cheapest, most secure source of drinking water.
Gianna What about fluoride in it? Fluoride is the motive why we don’t grow vintage and lose all our enamel.Gianna Should we be ingesting fluoride though?
It’s now not important, but from a public health perspective—rich humans can visit the dentist and manage to pay for all forms of gizmos, ultrasonic gizmos for his or her enamel—however from a public fitness scale, I imply that’s how you reach impoverished populations which might not have the dental care which you have, and so when you have a dental problem, no big deal, go to the dentist, right? But in the event that they have a dental problem, they could lose their enamel, which means dropping loads of their nutrients or being within persistent pain.And honestly from a public fitness perspective fluoridated water is—within fact, in keeping with the Center for Disease Control, one of the greatest public fitness improvements over the past century.
Gianna Question wide variety three: are there any tips or special pointers for women who select to eat a plant-based food regimen while pregnant, and who also select to elevate kids plant primarily based after the breast milk degree if over?When you’re consuming for two it’s just that rather more critical to get all the nutrients you want, and so it’s essentially all of the identical advice you’d give to every body consuming a healthy weight-reduction plan, eating a plant-based totally weight loss plan.
Critically essential: vitamin B12.So there’s nutrients that aren’t made by using flowers.
One’s nutrition D, that is made via animals which includes yourself while you stroll out of doors; it’s the light vitamin.And the opposite one’s nutrition B12.
Not made by vegetation, not made with the aid of animals either; made through little microbes that blanket the earth.So, , we may want to get all of the B12 we needed consuming nicely water or out of a mountain or something a long term ago, but now we chlorinate our water supply to kill off any micro organism, so we don’t have a number of B12 within our water any more.
Don’t get plenty of cholera either. It’s a terrific issue that we stay in a pleasant sanitary global, but because of that we need to get a everyday dependable supply of B12.Critically critical, mainly for pregnant women, however for all people.
During pregnancy iodine’s essential, a mineral often lacking from prenatal vitamins, so it’s essential, if you’re getting a prenatal, to make certain it has iodine. Recommended every day allowance is 150 micrograms a day.
Gianna And For Children Being Raised Vegan, Do You Recommend Any Books Or Any Videos To Watch?
Is That Something That You Would Recommend To Raise Children Whole Food, Plant Based?
Should we improve our kids wholesome?I say yes, certainly, and so does the most esteemed pediatrician in human history, Benjamin Spock, within the seventh version of Child and Baby Care, which is like one of the satisfactory-selling books ever, 2nd handiest to the Bible perhaps in this USA.
Where within his closing version he wrote, in his 90s before he died, recommended all kids be raised with zero exposure to meat and dairy, and he did that due to the fact he may want to see what the grandparents were demise from and see this burgeoning youth obesity epidemic. So genuinely we should raise our children within the healthiest feasible manner.That means no longer having them smoke cigarettes.
That way having them put on seat belts, smoke alarms within the domestic, and a whole food, plant-primarily based diet—truly primary, simple. And even the ADA, properly, what’s now the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, of their reputable function paper says strictly plant-based diets are suitable for all ranges of the lifestyle, including pregnancy and infancy and on via old age.So clearly, we have to all be raising wholesome kids, and in reality, Scott Stoll is presently writing a e book on elevating vegan children;
he’s got six, so he knows one or two matters about it. Gianna good enough, range four:please assist give an explanation for soy and hormones, and why both ladies and men need no longer fear it.
Soy is a misunderstood bean. All kinds of nuttiness out at the internet.If you take a look at the technological know-how, although, it’s certainly simply type of a tremendous scientific consensus in terms of human beings.
I suggest, the laboratory animal stories, it relies upon if you’re a hamster or a rat, or one of a kind traces of mice have different effects. When we eventually had human information, so for example breast cancer, you could see concerns on the internet about, look, soy has phytoestrogens.
When You Think Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Should Women With Breast Cancer Be Eating Soy?
And so we didn’t recognise until 2004, the primary statistic that in reality put it to the test and in reality followed breast cancer survivors, a few that ate soy and some that didn’t, simply to peer who lived longer, who had much less breast most cancers recurrence. And within that research and in all of five stories completed to date, each unmarried one located that women with breast cancer, whether or not estrogen receptor nice or terrible, whether or not they had been on Tamoxifen or no longer—all continually more survival;placed them all together, greater survival, lower most cancers recurrence price.
And so we’ve recognised that ingesting soy, especially at some point of youth, can reduce the risk of having breast most cancers within the first area, however now we understand it’s related to improved survival as well. So wait a 2nd.How is that feasible whilst it has estrogenic outcomes?
Well, no, see you don’t understand. There’s surely forms of estrogen receptor cells—it’s a protracted story:alpha, beta—so basically your very own estrogen, your endogenous estrogen produced by using your ovaries attaches preferentially to alpha receptors.
Soy attaches to a extraordinary type of estrogen receptors. So it topics, the outcomes of soy at the frame matters on the ratio of those extraordinary receptors and one of a kind organs of the body.And so it truely has pro-estrogen outcomes where you want it, like inside the bones, skeleton.
It virtually reduces bone loss as compared to dairy milk, as an instance, within stories of soy milk. But it has android estrogenic consequences where you need it, as an example in the breast, decreasing breast cancer danger and enhancing breast cancer survival.So it’s what’s called a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a flowery time period for essentially the first-class of all worlds.
So it reduces hot flashes, anti-estrogen effect, strengthens the bones, seasoned-estrogenic effect, reduces breast most cancers risk. And so you don’t ought to consume it;all the legumes are healthful, and i encourage people to consume entire soy resources like edamame, immature inexperienced soybeans;
you may get frozen baggage of it, sprinkle it in your salad, a exceptional desire. Tempeh, miso, these are all whole soy ingredients, as well as some of the extra processed stuff.And so you appearance in the medical literature, it’s clean.
We’ve were given tons of movies about it. So yeah, you just don’t trust the craziness you examine on the internet.Gianna And just for the males available which are involved that they might grow breasts or some thing like that from soy.
Can We Help Debunk That For Men, So They Don’t Fear It As Well?
Sure.So there’s three case reviews in literature of gynecomastia with excessive soy consumption.
But with the aid of immoderate soy—they had been literally drinking gallons of soy milk a day, so I neglect… I think a few humans, like 40 servings of soy an afternoon, and at that degree you can in reality get sufficient alpha receptor pastime to actually have seasoned-estrogenic outcomes. So the response is not to keep away from soy, but no longer drink four gallons of soy milk a day.
Gianna So Men Aren’t Going To Grow Breasts If They’re Eating Soy Here And There?
No, and in reality it might be healthy. So soy consumption in guys is related to lower prostate most cancers danger, that's the number one most cancers killer precise to guys.Gianna ok, query range five:
Can A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Help Heal Autoimmune Diseases Like Thyroid Issues And Colitis?
So eating an anti inflammatory food plan, no wonder, can be one of the excellent dietary treatments for inflammatory illnesses within general, which includes automobile-immune disorder.So for instance, a couple of sclerosis, which is an car-immune sickness where your frame attacks your personal nerves, the single best recorded intervention—medical, surgical, whatever, no pills—have ever overwhelmed out a plant-primarily based weight loss plan:
Roy Swank’s anti-MS diet, so the simplest. So it’s not just more secure, less expensive.No, the most effective remedy ever published inside the peer reviewed scientific medical literature, a plant-based totally food plan.
Chron’s sickness, identical aspect. A poll out of Japan the usage of a plant-based eating regimen, a number of the satisfactory relapse prevention rates ever.Chron’s ailment is an vehicle-immune inflammatory bowel sickness.
Rheumatoid arthritis, one of the maximum powerful interventions for rheumatoid arthritis—whether or not we’re speaking about goal measures which includes grip electricity and inflammatory markers in the blood circulation or simply in terms of great of life for people suffering from those sicknesses. Auto-immune ailment, we simply don’t have plenty of right insights for.We have stats, so the Adventist 2 research discovered that folks who consume strictly plant-based diets have the highest shares of what’s referred to as euthyroid thyroid, that means normal thyroid feature, and so it may save you thyroid problems.
But there’s by no means been any research that definitely placed plant-primarily based diets to the take a look at in terms of treating thyroid disfunction, unless we’re speakme approximately something like iodine deficiency. There’s different kinds of inflammatory sicknesses that we don’t have stats for, however it would make feel if it really works for most of these different vehicle-immune diseases, it works for these different inflammatory sicknesses, an anti inflammatory weight loss plan would have this impact.And a part of that anti inflammatory energy is from the fiber.
You say, fiber? Who would think fiber?We think like bowel fitness or something.
It’s simply type of an inert substance. Not at all.We can’t digest fiber, however our accurate gut bacteria can.
We have trillions of micro organism within our intestine. And we used to think that was just intestine health, however now we know that our microbiome, our friendly vegetation down in our colon sincerely can have outcomes on our immune device, even our psychological health.
And What Do They Eat, What Do Our Good Bugs Eat?
They eat prebiotics, that's fiber and resistant starch observed within abundance within best one location: entire plant ingredients, and some of these compounds have anti inflammatory consequences.They’re smash down products of fiber;
they get absorbed into your machine and circulated throughout your frame. So that’s one of the motives why plant-based totally diets are so anti-inflammatory.Gianna Number six:
What are your mind on vitamins and supplements, vegan primarily based, both taken orally or intravenously like diet C drips? Well, definitely diet B12 is seriously vital for anybody eating a wholesome weight loss program, so I’d suggest 2500 micrograms of what’s referred to as cyanocobalamin, that's the most inexpensive source.Once every week is all you need.
Costs less than $5 a yr. You’re going to get all of the B12 you want, however seriously critical from a ordinary dependable supply.If you’re no longer getting enough sun… Now, in case you’re light skinned enough and younger enough and thin enough and stay at a range that’s sunny enough, then getting 10, 15 minutes of mid-day sun, you’ll get all of the diet D you want.
But it doesn’t remember how sunny it's far in case you’re stuck at a table task all day, no longer getting out of doors, wherein case you’d need to complement your weight loss program with vitamin D, the light nutrition. I suggest 2,000 worldwide gadgets of diet D3 an afternoon.So, I mean intravenous nutrition C has been used as a cancer treatment, going returned to the Seventies with Linus Pauling’s work.
It turned into considering that—thrilling—kind of debunked via Mayo Clinic, in which they gave humans a whole bunch of vitamin C; didn’t see the type of extraordinary results that have been at the start seen, but they had been the usage of oral nutrition C.We used to assume, well, oral vitamin C is the same as intravenous diet C, but no, our body definitely clamps down on diet C absorption.
At very small doses it doesn’t rely either way, you’ll absorb it all. But once your frame receives over about 200, 250 milligrams of nutrition C—which is set five servings of end result and vegetables worth—your body starts clamping “that’s a touch an excessive amount of.” Your frame starts clamping down on absorption, so that they definitely weren’t exposed to the same amount.And so i've an entire shows of films on intravenous nutrition C for cancer in case you’re inquisitive about that;
I inspire people to check it out. Gianna Should we be cooking cru—your favorite—ought to we be cooking cruciferous greens, like steaming broccoli, or is blending raw kale in a smoothie effective enough, and is it bad for the thyroid to consume them raw? Oh, my God.We need to devour cruciferous veggies within whichever manner receives us to eat the most of them.
You like uncooked broccoli? Eat uncooked broccoli.You like steamed broccoli?
Eat steamed. Whichever manner will get you to devour the maximum.In fact cruciferous veggies are one in every of my Daily Dozen.
It’s a unfastened app on iPhone, Android: “ ’s Daily Dozen.” I speak approximately all of the ingredients I encourage people to get and fit into their day by day habitual.So, you already know, greens every day are the healthies greens, beans each day, berries each day are the healthiest end result.
A tablespoon of floor flaxseeds, a quarter teaspoon of ground turmeric. You recognise, the nice beverage, the excellent sweeteners, how lots workout to get—just to form of inspire people to try to in shape some of the healthies of healthful meals into the weight loss plan.And one of those containers I encourage humans to tick off every day, you’re no longer going to fit—you’re now not going to test off the day except you get some form of cruciferous greens, which is ready a half cup of cooked cruciferous vegetables, about a cup of raw.
And in order that’s like kale, collards, bok choy, and Brussels sprouts, and collard greens, these kinds of extraordinary greens. And so essentially however you get them to your weight-reduction plan, the better.During the summertime, green smoothies are a extremely good move-to manner to get greens in your breakfast.
And I type of smash some white beans within my oatmeal simply to get my legumes, were given to check the ones off. But, yeah, placed them within a smoothie, put them anywhere;as long as you’re getting greens, that’s the most essential thing.
Now you can overdo, I mean you may overdo uncooked cruciferous veggies that have this so referred to as goitrogenic compounds that are located within masses of healthy meals, now not handiest broccoli, but also flaxseeds and a number of other wholesome matters. But the option isn't to keep away from those clearly healthful meals;it’s simply to get sufficient iodine because those goitrogenic compounds just interfere with the uptake of iodine, that is the thyroid gland.
So if you’re simply marginally now not getting sufficient iodine, then eating plenty of broccoli and cruciferous can clearly affect your levels. So the response, you simply make certain you’re getting a source of iodine;the healthiest one is sea greens, so that you like munch on those seaweed snacks, after which similar to darkish inexperienced leafies as a snack.
Ah! I mean the more ways you may get them into your food regimen, the higher.There was this famous case within the New England Journal of Medicine, a woman who—I neglect, it changed into like actually thousands of kilos of raw bok choy, she became on some crazy weight loss program, and in fact did run into thyroid problems, so 1000 kilos… adequate, however… Gianna It’s like the soy.
…I encourage human beings, right. And appearance, we’re speaking approximately foods with medicinal outcomes.I imply we should count on like if you could devour as a good deal—I suggest if there’s a vast amount of some thing that you could be uncovered to, probable doesn’t have an awful lot “uumph” to it, proper?
But the reality that, appearance, no, some of these meals may have powerful results on our biology, so no surprise that there’s a sure stage which you need to stay through, however happily they’re all effortlessly within any kind of regular culinary dose. Gianna Number eight:is sprouting nuts, seeds, grains and beans better for digestion?
If so, why? Oh, well, see, part of the purpose that humans soak or sprout nuts is to eliminate the phytates.So there was this notion, based totally on experiences on puppies back within the ‘50s, that phytates had been mineral inhibitors.
And so the manner you may cast off the phytates, you soak nuts or you sprout nuts to dispose of the phytates, and then you definitely’d maximize your calcium absorption and other crucial minerals. But we now realize no longer only is that not the case, but phytates are honestly healthful for you, in reality useful outcomes of phytates, so we need to certainly try to get as a great deal phytates within our weight-reduction plan as possible, and the manner we do that is by way of ingesting our nuts un-sprouted, consuming our nuts un-soaked.And so, yeah, I inspire people to consume uncooked nuts, seeds, and seed butters.
The motive we’d instead not roast them is due to the formation of AGE’s, Advanced Glycation End merchandise, that are those glycotoxins associated with extended risk of kidney disease and Alzheimer’s and expanded ageing and all types of really bad things. And it’s formed while high fats, high protein foods are exposed to extraordinarily excessive warmth, dry warmth.And so nearly all AGE exposure is meat—so like barbequed warm dogs, so barbequed, grilling, grilled bird, that sort of aspect—extremely high.
So in case you look at it, whereas plant foods have nearly nothing irrespective of what you do—I mean you could grill a bell pepper and also you’re now not going to provide a problem, but there are uncommon plant ingredients which are excessive within protein outcomes, including nuts, which includes soy. So we ought to surely, ideally should not—like Cajun blackened tofu, no longer a very good idea on a ordinary basis because of these a long time.So that’s why we truely shouldn’t roast our nuts.
Gianna And Why Do You Recommend Nut Butters As Opposed To Just The Whole Nut?
Oh, virtually entire nuts are better due to the fact you without a doubt chew all the way down to little debris—regardless of how well you chew, you usually handiest fracture right down to approximately 2 mm, which is 1000 times larger than the particles determined within nut butters.And the purpose that’s important is due to the fact those cellular partitions and those little cubes, which contain hundreds of heaps of intact partitions, surely defend all of the nutrients inside from absorption on your small intestine, and that creates a bounty for our intestine vegetation.
So whilst we eat simply acellular meals, powders like flour merchandise, even supposing it’s 100% whole wheat flour—so if we devour 100% entire wheat flour bread or pasta or some thing, we’re getting all of the vitamins; they didn’t put off the fiber, but all of the nutrients are out, exposed to be absorbed.They get absorbed within the small intestine, leaving very little for our intestine flora at the quit.
Whereas in case you devour entire intact grains or whole beans, then there's in reality these little clumps of meals that’s leftover for our good micro organism, and that improves our intestine fitness and improves our microbiome. Gianna i love it.Since a lot of our soil is depleted of minerals, in which can we get first rate resources of minerals?
So that’s a few scammy trace mineral supplier speak. Somebody have to examine crop nutrient decline over the past 1/2 century, perhaps 15%.So people looking to promote you mineral dietary supplements will make this, will say, oh, our crops are depleted, just because they’re looking to sell you some thing.
We can without a doubt observe the data; the USDA tracks vitamins inside the soil going returned for a century:15% decrement.
So which means, good enough, instead of five florets of broccoli, now you have to devour six florets of broccoli as opposed to a 1/2 century ago. Fine, consume six florets of broccoli.There’s no need to take mineral dietary supplements.
Gianna adequate. Number ten: For folks that say all people’s distinctive, so all of us require exceptional diets.Yeah.
Gianna What is your advice in this, and does a whole food, plant-primarily based food plan help us live longer, more healthy lives, all of us? So, it’s now not like—like at a zoo, there’s a gorilla food plan and there’s a lemur weight loss plan.It’s now not like, oh, you’re lemur #12, so that you get some loopy eating regimen.
No, there’s a weight-reduction plan that’s naturally tuned to our biology. We advanced for hundreds of thousands of years.So we broke from our closing exquisite ape ancestors about 20 million years in the past.
So for the first 90% of our evolution till approximately 2 million years ago we ate what our fellow amazing apes ate, which is basically greens and fruit. We have been a plant-primarily based food plan, nearly solely plant-based food plan, and handiest within the closing 10% of our evolution did we start understanding a way to make gear and searching, and so on.And so our biology is tuned to consuming entire meals, plant primarily based—so no wonder that the equal kind of eating regimen that reverses heart sickness, the primary killer of ladies and men, is the identical weight-reduction plan that still reverses diabetes, and the identical weight-reduction plan that reverses excessive blood stress.
And So A Kidney Healthy Diet, Is A Liver Healthy Diet, Is A Brain Healthy Diet, Right?
And it all makes sense due to the fact, appearance, the anti-inflammatory food plan is a weight loss plan that enables your arteries anywhere in the course of your frame.I mean, appearance, if that’s all a plant-based weight loss plan may want to do, opposite the primary killer of males and females, shouldn’t that be kind of the default eating regimen until proven otherwise?
In truth that it can additionally save you or reverse different leading killers could appear to make the case for plant-based ingesting definitely overwhelming. Gianna We have one bonus question.Bonus!
What do ya’ got?Gianna What Is The Most Effective Way To Help People Convert To Being Plant Based?
So I assume sharing assets with them.
So every so often it’s hard; human beings positioned up their defenses whilst a person attempts—while everybody involves us with a few new idea that conflicts with what we accept as true with, there’s just this sort of natural response to kind of need to keep on.That’s why sharing type of third-birthday party resources:
“Here’s a great documentary, right here’s a remarkable website, right here’s a splendid e-book,” and then they can kind of take it in on themselves, after which sort of the motivation comes from within in preference to feeling someone’s attempting to tell them to do some thing. So that’s one in all my favorite approaches.And proportion first rate meals!
They have this experience that, oh, yeah, it doesn’t count number how—will I live that long or just feel like I lived that long? But no, it’s truely the first-class of both worlds.Some of the yummiest, like berries, right?
Wait a 2nd. Tastes first-rate and also you get to stay longer?That’s what plant-based eating is all about Gianna Thanks for tuning within, Love, Giana, and… [silence].
You have to say, “ .” I didn’t recognise my line. Where’s my cue card?